# Principios de defensa · Hockey sobre hierba, Nivel 3: Preintermedio

Hockey sobre hierba · Nivel 3: Preintermedio · Insporta Book (https://book.insporta.app/es/field-hockey/level-3/defensive-principles/)

Principios de defensa: 100 datos, 10 tests.

Las fases del juego sin la bola, lado de la bola y lado débil, defensa doble y de cobertura, elegir cómo marcar, ponerse detrás de la bola, canalizar hacia la izquierda, marcar cerca del círculo, delanteros que defienden y espacio falso.

## Test 1: Las fases sin la bola

- Far from your goal there is time and space to press, so the aim is to break the attack up early. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Sistemas en el hockey)
- Pressure rushes the passer, who may play a poor pass that the defence can intercept. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Sistemas en el hockey)
- Slowing the attack gives team-mates time to recover into position behind the ball. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Sistemas en el hockey)
- Impedir ocasiones de gol: bloquear, entrar, defender la portería y los rebotes. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Sistemas en el hockey)
- The block tackle puts the stick in the way of the ball or the shot close to goal. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Sistemas en el hockey)
- A shot that is saved or blocked can bounce free, and attackers waiting there can score from it. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Sistemas en el hockey)
- Steering the carrier towards a weak side limits options before pressure forces a mistake. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Sistemas en el hockey)
- Ganarla arriba, frenarla y luego proteger la portería. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Sistemas en el hockey)
- The further up the field, the more the aim is pressure; the nearer your goal, the more it is blocking. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Sistemas en el hockey)
- Pressing high in the opponents' half aims to force a mistake early, which is the breakdown phase. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Sistemas en el hockey)

## Test 2: Lado de la bola y lado contrario

- Players on the far side from the ball are not under immediate threat, so they can cover the defenders nearer the ball. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, glosario)
- Close to the ball a pass can arrive quickly, so tight marking lets the defender step in front of it. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, defender fuera del círculo)
- Standing between opponent and goal lets a far-side defender help if the ball is switched. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, defender fuera del círculo)
- Defensores bastante pegados, siempre del lado de la bola respecto al rival. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, defender fuera del círculo)
- As the ball changes side, ball-side players become help-side and vice versa, so everyone moves. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Cambios de posición)
- Close to the ball an opponent can receive and turn quickly, so those defenders mark tightly. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Cambios de posición)
- With no direct threat, they can drop off to support defenders while keeping an eye on their opponent. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Cambios de posición)
- Pegado cerca de la bola, cobertura lejos de ella. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, defender fuera del círculo)
- Toda la línea se desplaza con la bola. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Cambios de posición)
- Lejos de la bola, el defensor se retrasa hacia el lado de la portería para cubrir. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, defender fuera del círculo)

## Test 3: Doble defensa

- Trabajo defensivo en equipo: el defensor adelantado encauza hacia el lado frontal del stick del defensor de cobertura. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Conceptos básicos de defensa)
- The cover defender then tackles with the open front stick, the strongest tackle, as the attacker arrives. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Conceptos básicos de defensa)
- The sweeper plays behind, sees the whole play and organises the defenders into pairs. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Tareas individuales)
- By outnumbering the attacker two against one, the defence can win the ball. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Tareas individuales)
- El trabajo defensivo en equipo, la doble defensa, aparece en la fase 2 del escalón de mayor edad. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, fase 2)
- La presión total obliga al rival a toparse con la doble defensa o con entradas. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Presión total)
- El lado abierto del stick da la entrada más fuerte. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- The first defender closes the space and steers the attacker, and the cover defender steps in to win the ball. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Conceptos básicos de defensa)
- El defensor adelantado encauza; el de cobertura entra. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Conceptos básicos de defensa)
- One defender shows the attacker towards a waiting second defender, which is double defence. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Conceptos básicos de defensa)

## Test 4: Defensa de cobertura

- The cover defender stands deeper than the first defender, ready to deal with an attacker who beats them. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Conceptos básicos de defensa)
- Cobertura significa que el siguiente defensor está listo si el primero es superado. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Defenders on the far side from the ball are free to drop in behind the one marking. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, seis contra seis)
- La cobertura se sitúa más atrás, entre la acción y la portería. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Una tarea importante del defensor libre es la cobertura de refuerzo. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Ocho contra ocho)
- Marking alone leaves a beaten defender with no help; cover ensures someone is always behind. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, defender fuera del círculo)
- Con un líbero por detrás, los defensores siempre tienen cobertura. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Formación 1)
- The first defender applies pressure; if beaten, the player who dropped behind recovers the situation. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, glosario)
- Presión delante, cobertura detrás, el portero el último. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, glosario)
- Dark 6 is deeper than and inside dark 3, so if dark 3 is beaten dark 6 is ready. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Conceptos básicos de defensa)

## Test 5: Elegir un sistema de marcaje

- Los centrocampistas deben tomar una decisión defensiva: marcaje individual o zonal. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Papel de los centrocampistas)
- El defensor defiende una zona y recoge a cualquier jugador o bola que pase por ella. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Conceptos básicos de defensa)
- La defensa en zona obliga al rival a asumir riesgos en su espalda. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Papel de los delanteros)
- Sin cobertura, un duelo perdido deja libre a un atacante. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Formación 1)
- Los atacantes buscan las costuras entre zonas. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Tight marking denies the dangerous player the ball. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Papel de los centrocampistas)
- Having more defenders than attackers in an area helps win the ball. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Papel de los centrocampistas)
- A man-to-man marker follows one player everywhere, whereas a zonal marker guards an area. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Conceptos básicos de defensa)
- A zonal defender stays in the zone, takes the runner while in it and hands over at the edge. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Conceptos básicos de defensa)
- Each defender sticks to a single attacker rather than guarding an area, which is man-to-man marking. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Conceptos básicos de defensa)

## Test 6: Detrás de la bola tras una pérdida

- Dropping back quickly puts the midfielder between the ball and the goal before the opponents can counter. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Tareas individuales)
- Without the ball they are far from goal, so they must run back quickly to rebuild the defence. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Tareas individuales)
- Strikers are highest up the field, so they drop back to add defenders when the ball is lost. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Papel de los delanteros)
- More players between ball and goal makes it harder for the opponents to find space. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- A single misplaced pass or tackle can swing possession, so players must be ready at all times. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Papel de los centrocampistas)
- They anticipate where the ball may be lost and are already moving back. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Papel de los centrocampistas)
- In small games players practise switching quickly between attacking and defending when possession changes. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, seis contra seis)
- The nearest player slows the opponent while the rest sprint back, then the team forms its defensive shape. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Tareas individuales)
- Los más adelantados tienen más camino por recorrer. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Midfielders are far from their goal, so they must sprint back behind the ball to protect it. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Tareas individuales)

## Test 7: Canalizar hacia la izquierda

- El juego se fuerza preferentemente hacia el lado izquierdo, que normalmente es más fácil de defender. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Presión total)
- Pushing play left keeps the attackers on their weaker reverse stick side. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Tareas individuales)
- The centre striker steers the attackers left and closes the right, so the only way out is the weaker side. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Tareas individuales)
- A la izquierda el atacante usa el lado del revés del stick, más débil. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- The side-line limits the attacker's options like an extra defender. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Presión total)
- Cutting off the way back traps the carrier against the side-line. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Presión total)
- Arrinconado cerca de la línea de banda, el atacante tiene menos salidas hacia delante. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Tareas individuales)
- Blocking the right closes the escape, showing left steers the carrier, and squeezing at the side-line lets the defence win the ball. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Presión total)
- La banda es lo más fácil, el círculo lo más difícil. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Presión total)
- The open left is the invitation: the defence closes the right so the carrier can only go left, towards the side-line. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Presión total)

## Test 8: Más cerrados cerca del círculo

- Near goal one error means a shot, so defenders give attackers less room. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, defender fuera del círculo)
- Close to goal defenders must contest every pass rather than wait for it. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, defender fuera del círculo)
- Permite a los defensores interceptar los pases por delante del jugador que recibe. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, defender fuera del círculo)
- Pies y hombros perpendiculares a la línea del pase. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, importante)
- With feet and shoulders at right angles the defender can turn the head to see both and react. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, importante)
- A goal-side position means that even if the pass gets through, the attacker still has to get past the defender to shoot. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, reglas básicas de defensa)
- Los atacantes se concentran justo delante de la portería, así que allí el marcaje es más cerrado. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Tareas individuales)
- Más cerrado cuanto más cerca de la portería. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, defender fuera del círculo)
- Defenders mark closer to the ball and to the goal, while keeping both the ball and the receiver in sight. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, reglas básicas de defensa)
- Colocarse de lado respecto a la línea de pase mantiene a la vista la bola y al receptor. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, importante)

## Test 9: Delanteros que defienden

- By pressing the opposition's front and midfield lines, strikers disrupt its build-up. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Papel de los delanteros)
- A reverse press gives the passer no time, so errors follow. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Papel de los delanteros)
- Closing the space and steering them to one side takes away their passing options. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Papel de los delanteros)
- The left striker presses on that flank, limiting the opponents' right half. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Tareas individuales)
- If the ball is won high up, the circle is close, so a chance comes quickly. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Strikers who fall back add numbers behind the ball when the team is under pressure. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Papel de los delanteros)
- La presión sobre quienes pasan con prisa produce errores. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Papel de los delanteros)
- Pressure makes the defender hurry, steering limits where the ball goes, and cutting the back pass leaves no escape. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Papel de los delanteros)
- Presionar arriba, luego retrasar, luego replegar. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Papel de los delanteros)
- The striker is the front line, so pressing the defenders is defending from the front. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Papel de los delanteros)

## Test 10: Falso espacio

- Un defensor concede más espacio y anima a pasar al jugador «abierto». (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Bola en el centro)
- Al hacerse el pase, el defensor avanza para interceptar, entrar o preparar una doble defensa. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Bola en el centro)
- En la situación de bola en el centro y otras parecidas. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Bola en el centro)
- Cerrar rápido tras invitar al pase lo es todo. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Si es demasiado lento, el jugador abierto está de verdad libre. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- If the receiver is not won at once, the defender can steer them to a team-mate for double defence. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Bola en el centro)
- El pase parece seguro, así que se juega. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- The apparently free receiver tempts the pass, and a quick step across wins the ball. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Bola en el centro)
- The defender starts apart to look harmless, then closes fast as the ball is played. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Bola en el centro)
- Standing off but ready to sprint is the bait of fake space, inviting a pass to light 8. (Fuente: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Bola en el centro)

Fuentes: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, USA Field Hockey 101, notas de la NFHCA, historia de la FIH y resultados oficiales; preguntas originales elaboradas, nada reproducido. Las reglas numeradas pertenecen a la categoría de Reglas (Field Hockey - Rules of Hockey).

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