# Law 22: Refereeing Team and Procedures

Voleibol · Law 22: Refereeing Team and Procedures · Insporta Book (https://book.insporta.app/es/volleyball/laws/law-22-refereeing-team-and-procedures/)

Who makes up the refereeing team, who may whistle and when, and the order of hand signals after a fault whistled by the 1st referee, the 2nd referee, or both.

## 22.221 The Refereeing Team

The officials of a match, the compulsory extras at top level, and who whistles and when.

### Test 1: The refereeing team

- The team is the 1st and 2nd referees, the Challenge referee, the reserve referee, the scorer and the line judges. (Fuente: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.1)
- There are four line judges, or two. (Fuente: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.1)
- At the top level a Challenge referee (if VCS is in use), a reserve referee and an assistant scorer are compulsory. (Fuente: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.1)
- Only the 1st and 2nd referees may whistle during the match. (Fuente: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.1)
- The 1st referee gives the signal for the service. (Fuente: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.1.1)
- A referee ends the rally only when sure a fault has been committed and having identified its nature. (Fuente: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.1.2)
- Referees must not decide on assumptions: they whistle only when they have actually seen the fault. (Fuente: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.1.2; Casebook 2024 3.13.3)
- The 2nd referee stands at the post on the scorer's side, C; B is the 1st referee on his stand, A a line judge and D the scorer. (Fuente: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.1, 23.1, 24.1)
- One 1st referee, two referees with whistles, and four line judges. (Fuente: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.1, 22.2.1)
- The rally opens with the 1st referee's whistle and ends with a whistle followed straight away by the signals. (Fuente: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2)

## 22.222 Whistles and Hand Signals

Whistles out of play, and the signal sequences of each referee, including back-row faults and double faults.

### Test 1: Whistles and hand signals

- With the ball out of play they may whistle to authorise or reject a team request. (Fuente: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.2)
- The 1st referee shows, in order, the team to serve, the nature of the fault and the player at fault if needed. (Fuente: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.3.1)
- When the call is the 2nd referee's, his own signals open with what the fault was. (Fuente: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.3.2)
- Having let the 2nd referee explain the fault, the 1st referee adds only who serves next. (Fuente: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.3.2)
- Both referees indicate such a fault, following their own sequences. (Fuente: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.3.3)
- Both referees show the fault and the players; then the 1st referee indicates the team to serve. (Fuente: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.3.4)
- The player at fault comes after the team to serve and the nature of the fault, when it is necessary. (Fuente: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.3.1)
- After his own whistle, his first signal is the team to serve: the arm stretched out towards that side. (Fuente: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.3.1)
- His sequence starts with who serves next. (Fuente: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.3.1)
- His signals come first, and he copies the 1st referee's indication of who serves. (Fuente: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.3.2)

Fuentes: FIVB Official Volleyball Rules 2025-2028, Rule 22 (paraphrased in original wording; original questions authored from the Rules, not reproduced)

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