# Aerial and 3D Skills · Field Hockey Level 5: Upper-Intermediate

Field Hockey · Level 5: Upper-Intermediate · Insporta Book (https://book.insporta.app/field-hockey/level-5/aerial-and-3d-skills/)

Lifting the ball and the aerial pass, receiving a falling ball and the first receiver's right, raised hits and danger, aerial dribbling, beating a stick in three dimensions and playing the ball above the shoulder.

## Test 1: Lifting the ball

- The ball may be raised immediately with a push, flick or scoop. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 13.2e)
- Players must not intentionally raise the ball from a hit except for a shot at goal. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.9)
- It is not an offence to raise the ball unintentionally from a hit unless dangerous. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.9)
- Control and height come from a short, quick action of the right hand. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Lift)
- Passing over a flat stick by slightly raising the ball. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Skill plan)
- A small lift clears the stick and stays controllable. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Lift)
- Stick ability: flip the ball and catch it on the stick. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Skill plan)
- Set, under, lift, collect. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Lift)
- Just over, then higher, then over heads. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Ball raised just over a flat stick: a lift. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Lift)

## Test 2: The aerial pass

- A pass given by lobbing the ball over the heads of opponents. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Glossary)
- Aerial: all passing techniques where the ball goes through the air. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Glossary)
- The flick or overhead lifts the ball high. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Flick/overhead)
- The aerial ball can destroy a really tight press. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Outletting under pressure)
- A ball dropping among players can be dangerous. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.8)
- Receiving of the high ball is trained in the oldest step. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Phase 2)
- Into space where the team-mate can receive first. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Aim, lift, move, control. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Flick/overhead)
- The aerial clears a whole line. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Outletting under pressure)
- A lifted pass over opponents: an aerial. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Glossary)

## Test 3: Receiving a falling ball

- Players must not approach within 5 metres until it has been touched by the receiver. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.10)
- Until it has been touched by the receiver. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.10)
- It may be intercepted within 5 metres but outside playing distance, if safe. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.10)
- Two players chasing a dropping ball is dangerous. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.10)
- Cushion it down to control. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Skill plan)
- Track the ball until it touches the stick. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Skill plan)
- Close down the moment the receiver touches it. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.10)
- Claim, position, control, go. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.10)
- Wait, touch, tackle. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.10)
- Opponents must stay 5 metres away until the receiver touches it. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.10)

## Test 4: The first receiver

- The initial receiver has a right to the ball. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.10)
- The player of the team which raised the ball must allow the opponent to receive. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.10)
- In a doubtful case, the lifting team yields. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.10)
- Getting under the ball first establishes the claim. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Approaching within 5 metres is an offence. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.10)
- The lifting team must let the opponent receive. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.10)
- A clear target space avoids a 50-50 drop. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Doubt goes against the lifter. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.10)
- Clear space is best. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.10)

## Test 5: Raised hits and shots

- Intentional raising from a hit is not allowed except for a shot at goal. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.9)
- A raised hit must be judged explicitly on whether it was raised intentionally. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.9)
- Raised over an opponent's stick or body on the ground is permitted unless dangerous. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.9)
- Flicks and scoops may be raised to any height if not dangerous. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 13.3m)
- No more than 460 mm, the backboard height. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 13.3l)
- A hard raised hit is a danger to other players. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.8)
- A ball is dangerous when it causes legitimate evasive action. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.8)
- Shots may rise; corner hits are capped; passes must not be lifted on purpose. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.9)
- Stroke, intent, danger. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.9)
- A hit may be raised on purpose for a shot at goal. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.9)

## Test 6: Danger in the air

- The offence is considered to occur where the danger arises. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.8)
- Evasive action by an opponent is the Rules' test of danger. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.8)
- Players may stop, receive and deflect at any height including above the shoulder. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.7)
- Players must not use the stick dangerously. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.2)
- A dropping ball among players is a risk. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.8)
- A defender clearly running into the shot without trying to play it is penalised. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 13.3m)
- Penalty corner protective equipment includes face masks. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 4.2)
- The more players under it, the more danger. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.8)
- See, space, control, receive. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.7)
- Evasive action means danger. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.8)

## Test 7: Aerial dribbling

- Moving with the ball by bouncing it on the stick. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Phase 2)
- Moving with the ball: aerial dribbling, in Phase 2. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Phase 2)
- Any raised ball must not be dangerous. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.8)
- The 5-metre rule is for receiving a falling ball, not for a player in control. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.10)
- Bouncing the ball keeps it above flat sticks. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Flip the ball and catch it on the stick. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Skill plan)
- Close control keeps it safe. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Flip, catch, walk, run. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Skill plan)
- From the ground to the air. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Skill plan)
- Carrying the ball in the air on the stick. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Phase 2)

## Test 8: Beating a stick in 3D

- Lifting the ball adds a third dimension. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- The ball is flipped over the opposition stick with a jab action. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Jab lift)
- The ball is aided by the astro turf to bounce upwards. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Chop)
- Because the ball is moving left it lifts easily with the reverse stick. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Reverse lift)
- A ball over the stick beats the block. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Lift)
- Lifting over a player is allowed unless dangerous. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.9)
- Ball carried on the left and ahead of the left foot. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Jab lift)
- Approach, read, lift, go. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Lift)
- Lift, reverse lift, jab lift, chop. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Elimination skills)
- One-handed flip over the stick: the jab lift. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Jab lift)

## Test 9: Receiving high on both sides

- Receiving raised balls on the front and reverse stick. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Skill plan)
- Receiving on the backhand, high or low. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Phase 2)
- Two difficulties at once: height and the reverse. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- A face angled down brings the ball to the ground. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Getting the body in line makes the receive easier. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Front stick receiving is easier than reverse. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Phase 1)
- Read, move, turn, cushion. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Phase 2)
- Front before reverse, low before high. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Skill plan)
- Turned stick, ball high on the left. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Phase 2)

## Test 10: The ball above the shoulder

- High balls are part of the game when handled safely. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.7)
- Unless this is dangerous or leads to danger. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.7)
- The danger rule applies to every player. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.7)
- Changes in rules and interpretation, such as allowing a high ball, made the game more dynamic. (Source: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Tactics)
- Danger first. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.7)
- Only the flat face and edges may be used. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.5)
- Players must not play the ball with the back of the stick. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.5)
- Check, raise, stop, lower. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.7)
- The higher the stick, the more care. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.7)
- Above the shoulder is fine when not dangerous. (Source: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.7)

Sources: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, USA Field Hockey 101, NFHCA notes, FIH history and official results; original questions authored, nothing reproduced. Numbered rules belong to the Rules category (Field Hockey - Rules of Hockey).

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