# Origins · Figure Skating Level 9: Master

Figure Skating · Level 9: Master · Insporta Book (https://book.insporta.app/figure-skating/level-9/origins/)

Origins in Figure Skating (Level 9: Master) on Insporta: 20 sourced facts behind 2 tests. Covers: before and around the isu; the jumps and their names.

The first international competitions, the founding of the ISU and the named jumps.

## Test 1: Before and around the ISU

- The ISU dates the first international figure skating competition to Vienna, Austria, in 1882. (Source: ISU, History (isu.org))
- The ISU was founded in 1892, which makes it the oldest governing international winter sport federation. (Source: ISU, History (isu.org))
- The Dutch association called the meeting in July 1892, and the first Congress convened in Scheveningen. (Source: ISU, History (isu.org))
- In July 1892 the Dutch association called a meeting of all countries interested in international skating. (Source: ISU, History (isu.org))
- All fifteen delegates present at the first Congress came from Europe. (Source: ISU, History (isu.org))
- With Canada's admission as a Member in 1894, the ISU looked beyond Europe. (Source: ISU, History (isu.org))
- The Hall of Fame was established in 1976, and its first class included Haines, Paulsen, Salchow and Henie. (Source: U.S. Figure Skating, World Figure Skating Hall of Fame)
- Norway 1863, Vienna 1882, the ISU in 1892 and Canada in 1894. (Source: ISU, History (isu.org))
- Growing competition created the need for standards; the Dutch call led to the Congress that set the first rules. (Source: ISU, History (isu.org))
- Of the four marks, C sits at the ISU's founding year; the others are the Norway race, Vienna and Canada's entry. (Source: ISU, History (isu.org))

## Test 2: The jumps and their names

- Norwegian skater Axel Paulsen performed the first Axel in 1882. (Source: ISU, Figure skating jumps explained (isu-skating.com, 2026))
- The ten-time World champion created the Salchow in 1909. (Source: ISU, Figure skating jumps explained (isu-skating.com, 2026))
- Germany's Werner Rittberger is credited with inventing the loop in 1910. (Source: ISU, Figure skating jumps explained (isu-skating.com, 2026))
- The jump is named after Austrian skater Alois Lutz, who first performed it in 1913. (Source: ISU, Figure skating jumps explained (isu-skating.com, 2026))
- The ISU credits Bruce Mapes of the United States with the toe loop in the 1920s. (Source: ISU, Figure skating jumps explained (isu-skating.com, 2026))
- Of the six jumps, only the flip has no known inventor: the ISU says it is unclear who invented it. (Source: ISU, Figure skating jumps explained (isu-skating.com, 2026))
- Axel Paulsen was in the 1976 class; Werner Rittberger was inducted much later, in 2017. (Source: U.S. Figure Skating, World Figure Skating Hall of Fame)
- Axel 1882, Salchow 1909, loop 1910, Lutz 1913. (Source: ISU, Figure skating jumps explained (isu-skating.com, 2026))
- Paulsen 1882, Salchow 1909, Rittberger 1910, Mapes in the 1920s. (Source: ISU, Figure skating jumps explained (isu-skating.com, 2026))
- C, Lo, is the loop, Rittberger's jump. A is the Axel, B the Salchow, D the Lutz. (Source: ISU, Figure skating jumps explained (isu-skating.com, 2026))

Sources: ISU History; ISU, Figure skating jumps explained (2026); Olympedia (overview, 1908, 1924, 1972, 1976, 2002 and athlete pages); U.S. Figure Skating, World Figure Skating Hall of Fame. Every fact is recorded with its source in docs/FIGURE_SKATING_VERIFIED_FACTS.md. Original questions authored, nothing reproduced.

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