# L'évolution du jeu · Volley-ball, Niveau 9 : Maître

Volley-ball · Niveau 9 : Maître · Insporta Book (https://book.insporta.app/fr/volleyball/level-9/how-the-game-changed/)

L'évolution du jeu: 100 faits, 10 tests.

Blocking rule changes, antennas, side-out and rally scoring, the serving rule changes, playing the ball with any body part, television and the game, combination attacks, two-player reception, professional club volleyball, and the serving revolution.

## Test 1: Blocking rules

- Reaching beyond the net to block was allowed from 1964. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Multiple contacts in one block became legal. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- From 1976 a block touch no longer used up one of the three hits. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Three full contacts remained after a touch on the block. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Reaching over made the block a stronger weapon. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Faster attacks and shots off the block beat bigger blocks. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Blocking has stayed a front-row skill. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- 1922, 1964 and 1976. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Three hits remain after the block touch. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- The 1964 change opened the space above the net to blockers. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))

## Test 2: Antennas on the net

- Antennas came into use in 1968. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- The ball must cross between the antennas. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- They show plainly whether the ball crossed inside. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- They sit over the side lines. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- The antenna counts as outside the court. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Contrasting stripes stand out for officials and players. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Without antennas, side crossing was harder to call. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Morgan's tennis net, the raised net, then antennas in 1968. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- 1964, 1968 and 1976. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Antennas were introduced in 1968. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))

## Test 3: From side-out to rally scoring

- The receiving team could only win back the serve. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Sets went to 15 points. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Rally scoring came in in 1999 and was compulsory by 2000. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Sets go to 25, the fifth set to 15. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- The tie-break went to rally scoring in 1988. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Side-out matches could run very long, a problem for television. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Every rally scores, and the winner serves next. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Before 1988, from 1988, and from 1999. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- 15 rally points, 15 side-out points (often longer), and 25 points. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Winning on the other side's serve only won back the serve. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))

## Test 4: Serving rule changes

- Older rules made a net serve a fault. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Since 2000 a serve may touch the net. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Servers may now serve from anywhere behind the end line. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Officials no longer had to whistle every net touch on the serve. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- A wide zone lets servers vary where they serve from. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- More angles and live net serves put pressure on passers. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Several changes took effect by 2000. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- The old rule, rally scoring in 1999, then the net serve in 2000. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- A net serve is now live. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Before about 2000 a net serve was a fault. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))

## Test 5: Any body part

- The ball may now be played with any body part. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Players could keep the ball up with a foot or knee. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- A first contact may touch the body more than once in one action. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Digging a hard spike cleanly is very hard. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- The libero strengthened defence. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Rule makers wanted more ball in play. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Hands and arms were always allowed; feet were not. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- 1976, the 1990s and 1999. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Forearms first, hands next, feet only in emergencies. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Any body part became legal in the 1990s. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))

## Test 6: Television and the game

- Coloured panels show the ball's spin and flight on television. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Play stopped automatically at fixed points of a set. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Fixed breaks gave broadcasters planned gaps. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Coaches can request a video review of certain calls. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- A set length known in advance suits TV. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Broadcasts need strong, even light. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Close finishes hold viewers. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Before 1999, from 1999, and in the 2010s. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- From the naked eye to antennas in 1968 and video in the 2010s. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Coloured balls show up better on television. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))

## Test 7: Combination attacks

- Japan's men used quicks and combinations to win Olympic gold in 1972. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Matsudaira built a fast, inventive attack. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Quick attacks gave blockers no time to set up. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- A decoy pulls the blockers away from the real attack. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Back-row attacks added another hitter to the offence. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Height and power raised the contact point. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- More attackers means blockers cannot cover them all. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- The 1910s, the 1970s and the decades after. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Decoy, block pulled, set, attack. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Japan's combinations helped win the 1972 Olympics. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))

## Test 8: Two-player reception

- The US men used two specialist passers for most serves. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Beal led the US men in Los Angeles. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Specialist passers made reception more reliable. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Hitters no longer had to pass every serve. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- The US won the world title in France in 1986. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Kiraly was a key passer in the 1980s US teams. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Passers, hitters, setters and later liberos specialised. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Three big titles in five years. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Teams moved to fewer, better passers. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- The US men's two-player reception was copied worldwide. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))

## Test 9: The professional era

- Italian clubs signed many of the world's best players. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Italy's league is called Serie A. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Professional club volleyball offered a living. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- National team players spent the season at clubs abroad. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- The end of the Eastern Bloc opened borders. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- The CEV runs the club Champions League. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Players often had other jobs before full professionalism. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- The game grew from amateur clubs to a professional circuit. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Summer with the national team, winter with the club. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Italy's Serie A was the strongest league of the era. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))

## Test 10: The serving revolution

- The sky ball rose high and dropped steeply on the receivers. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Hitting a jump serve like a spike added huge speed. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Without spin the ball wobbles and dips. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- A jump float adds height to a floating serve. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- A strong serve stops the opponents running their attack. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Once passers adapted, it lost its surprise. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- The jump serve made serving an attack. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- From the earliest serves to the power serve. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Speed rises from underhand to jump serves. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))
- Brazil's high underhand serve was a 1980s trademark. (Source: FIVB rule-change history; Wikipedia, Volleyball (rule changes))

Sources: FIVB history pages, Olympic and FIVB results records; original questions authored, nothing reproduced. Numbered FIVB rules belong to the Rules category.

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