# Law 12: Service

Pallavolo · Law 12: Service · Insporta Book (https://book.insporta.app/it/volleyball/laws/law-12-service/)

Who serves first in each set and the service order, authorisation and execution of the service, the 8-second limit, screening, serving faults, and how they rank against positional faults.

## 12.121 Who Serves and When

The first service of each set, the service order after each rally, and the 1st referee's authorisation.

### Test 1: Who serves and when

- The service is made by the back-right player standing in the service zone. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12)
- Both the first set and the deciding set start with the team chosen by the toss. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.1.1)
- The first service alternates: each set begins with the team that did not serve first in the set before. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.1.2)
- When the serving team wins the rally, the player who served before serves again. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.2.2.1)
- The team rotates before serving, and the player moving from front-right to back-right serves. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.2.2.2)
- The service is authorised once both teams are ready to play and the server holds the ball. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.3)
- The correct player may serve as long as the service is made within 8 seconds of the original whistle. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.4.4; Casebook 2024 3.29)
- Team B served first in set 2, so set 3 starts with the other team, A; only the 5th set needs a new toss. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.1.2)
- Winning the right to serve, the team rotates first, and the new back-right player serves. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.2.2.2)
- The scorer waits for the service to be completed before signalling, and the opponents score and serve. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.7.1, 12.6.1.1; Casebook 2024 3.28)

## 12.122 Executing the Service and Screening

How the ball is tossed and hit, where the server stands, the time limit, and the ban on screening.

### Test 1: Executing the service and screening

- The server hits the ball with one hand or any part of the arm after tossing or releasing it. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.4.1)
- Only one toss or release is allowed, though dribbling or moving the ball in the hands is permitted. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.4.2)
- The server may not touch the court, end line included, or the floor outside the service zone; after the hit he may land anywhere. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.4.3)
- The ball must be hit within eight seconds of the whistle for service. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.4.4)
- A service executed before the whistle is cancelled and taken again. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.4.5)
- Jump or standing, the service must be hit with one hand or arm; two hands is a fault. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.4.1, 12.6.1.2; Casebook 2024 3.31)
- The 2025-2028 text forbids any player of the serving team from raising hands above the head during the service. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.5.3)
- B is inside the service zone; A is on the end line, C is outside the extended side line and D is in the court. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 1.4.2, 12.4.3)
- Whistle, one toss, the hit within eight seconds, and only then may the server step into the court. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.3, 12.4)
- The 1st referee may advise the team first; a service over a screen is a service fault. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.5.3, 12.6.2.3)

## 12.123 Service Faults

Serving faults, faults after the hit, screens, and which fault counts when the opponents are out of position.

### Test 1: Service faults

- Violating the service order or not executing the service properly leads to a change of service regardless. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.6.1)
- A correctly hit service becomes a fault if it touches a player of the serving team. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.6.2.1)
- The 1st referee whistles immediately; the ball is out of play from that moment. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.6.2.1; Casebook 2024 3.30)
- It is a screen only if both the service hit and the flight path are hidden until the ball reaches the net. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.5.2)
- Should either the hit or the flight be visible to the receiving team, it is not a screen. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.5.2)
- A fault at the moment of the service hit is sanctioned ahead of the opponents' positional fault. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.7.1)
- When the service only becomes faulty after a correct hit, the positional fault happened first and is sanctioned. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.7.2)
- Standing grouped so that the hit and flight are hidden is a collective screen, and a service over it is a fault. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.5, 12.6.2.3)
- An early service comes before the hit, a foot fault at the hit, and the other two only after it. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.4, 12.6)
- Faults after a correct hit come later than a positional fault, which is therefore the one counted. (Fonte: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 12.7.2)

Fonti: FIVB Official Volleyball Rules 2025-2028, Rule 12 (paraphrased in original wording; original questions authored from the Rules, not reproduced)

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