# コート、ボール、用具 · バレーボール, レベル1：入門

バレーボール · レベル1：入門 · Insporta Book (https://book.insporta.app/ja/volleyball/level-1/court-ball-and-gear/)

コート、ボール、用具: 事実100件, テスト10件.

The court's lines and zones, the net and antennae, the ball and what it is made of, shoes, kit, knee pads, practice equipment, indoor and beach balls, and looking after a ball.

## テスト 1: コートのエリア名

- The centre line lies under the net and divides the court into the two teams' halves. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- The attack line is 3 metres from the centre line, marking off the front zone. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- The back zone runs from the attack line to the end line; the back-row players defend it. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- The serve is made from the service zone behind the end line. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Players may run into the free zone to play a ball, so it must be clear of obstacles. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Two side lines mark the length of the court, two end lines its width. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Substitutions take place in front of the scorer's table, between the extended attack lines. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- From the net: centre line, attack line 3 m away, end line 9 m away. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Near the net is attacking ground; the back is for defence; the serve comes from outside the court. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- The front zone is the strip between the net and the attack line. (出典: General volleyball reference)

## テスト 2: The net and antennae

- The men's net is 2.43 m high; the women's is 2.24 m. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- The two antennae stand above the net at its ends, striped red and white. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- The ball has to cross the net between the antennae. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- The net is a black mesh of 10 cm squares with white bands along the top and bottom. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- The posts stand outside the court so that players do not run into them on court. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- A cable through the top band is tightened to the posts so the net stays taut. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- The net is about 10 m long, a little wider than the 9 m court. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- The mesh hangs between the bottom and top bands; the antennae rise 80 cm above the net. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Posts first, then the net, then the antennae, and last the height check. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Posts are padded so that players chasing a ball are not hurt if they collide with them. (出典: General volleyball reference)

## テスト 3: ボール

- A volleyball is round, 65-67 cm round, clearly smaller than a basketball. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- A match ball weighs between 260 and 280 g. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Coloured panels make a fast ball easier for players, officials and viewers to track. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- An inner bladder holds the air; the cover goes around it. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- A ball without enough air is flat: it feels soft and dead off the arms. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Too much pressure makes the ball hard and fast, which hurts and is hard to control. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- The ball is struck, not dribbled, so a light ball is kinder to the arms and hands. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- A tennis ball is smallest, a volleyball in the middle, a basketball largest. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- About 270 g for a volleyball, about 430 g for a football, about 600 g for a basketball. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- A pressure gauge in the valve shows whether the ball is pumped to the right level. (出典: General volleyball reference)

## テスト 4: Ball materials and panels

- Top balls use a synthetic leather cover, soft to the touch and hard-wearing. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- A textured surface gives the hands more grip and helps the ball fly more steadily. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Beach balls are usually stitched, which stands up well to sand and water. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Water and grit damage an indoor cover and make the ball heavy and slippery. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Panels shaped and joined around the bladder keep the ball round and give it grip. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Padded covers soften the contact, so beginners can practise without sore arms. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Rubber balls stand up to wet grass, concrete and rain better than match balls. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- The air sits in the bladder, wrapped in a fabric layer under the outer panels. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Beginner balls are softest, beach balls a little firmer, indoor match balls firmest. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- The valve is the small hole in one panel where the needle of the pump goes in. (出典: General volleyball reference)

## テスト 5: Shoes

- Indoor court shoes have gum-rubber soles that grip the floor for quick stops and jumps. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Running shoes are built for moving forward and give less support for quick sideways moves. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- A firmly laced shoe holds the foot steady through jumps, landings and sudden stops. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Grit and rough ground wear the soft soles and carry dirt that makes them slip indoors. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- A higher shoe gives the ankle a little more support when landing near other feet. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Wiping the soles restores grip that dust and sweat on the floor have taken away. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- The squeak is the rubber gripping and sliding a little on the smooth floor. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Court shoes grip best, running shoes less, smooth leather soles hardly at all. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Get the right fit, break the shoes in at practice, then trust them in a match. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Landing on the balls of the feet and bending the knees softens the landing. (出典: General volleyball reference)

## テスト 6: ユニフォーム

- Each player wears the team shirt with a number on the front and back. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Numbers let the referees and scorer follow who serves, rotates and substitutes. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- The libero's contrasting shirt lets officials follow the libero's special role at a glance. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Matching kit lets everyone see at once which team a player belongs to. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Light shorts leave the legs free for jumping and diving. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Light, close-fitting fabric moves with the body and lets sweat dry. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Rings, chains and similar items can injure the wearer or others, so they come off. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- A base layer, the shirt, and a top that comes off before the match. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Head, upper body, shorts, knees and feet. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- The captain's shirt has a stripe under the number on the chest. (出典: General volleyball reference)

## テスト 7: Knee pads and protection

- Players drop to the floor often to play low balls, and pads cushion the knees. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Defenders and the libero dig and dive the most. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Taping two fingers together or wrapping one supports a jammed finger. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- A brace steadies an ankle that has been sprained, or helps prevent a sprain. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- A loose pad slips down and leaves the knee bare at the moment it hits the floor. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Arm sleeves help against floor burns and soften the sting of hard passes. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- A proper warm-up prepares the muscles and joints for jumps, dives and quick moves. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Stop, cool it down, have it examined, and come back only when it is healed. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Socks go on first, then the knee pads, then the shoes. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Landing on another player's foot under the net is the most common way to sprain an ankle. (出典: General volleyball reference)

## テスト 8: 練習用具

- A cart keeps dozens of balls close at hand, so drills run without stopping. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- A sprung rebounder bounces the ball back, so a player can practise passing alone. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Targets turn serving into aiming at chosen areas of the court. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- With the ball held still at hitting height, a player can repeat the attacking swing. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- A target the size of a hoop makes the setter put the ball in one exact place. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- A whistle starts and ends drills and calls the group together. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Video lets players see their own technique and the coach point out details. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- The net and targets first, balls ready, then the serving begins. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- From the simplest control to the full skill with a real set. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- From a box a coach can hit balls down over the net, as a real attack would come. (出典: General volleyball reference)

## テスト 9: Indoor and beach balls

- A beach ball is a little larger, 66-68 cm round against 65-67 cm indoors. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- A softer ball is slower and easier to handle in the wind and sun of the beach. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Outdoor balls must stay light and grippy when wet. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Both kinds weigh between about 260 and 280 g. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Bright colours are easier to see outdoors against the sand and the sky. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Snow volleyball uses a water-resistant outdoor ball, as the beach game does. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Higher pressure and a slightly smaller size make the indoor ball quicker. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Soft balls for beginners, a softer ball on the beach, the firmest indoors. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Check, pump to the right level, then try the ball. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- The beach ball is pumped softer, so it gives more under the same press. (出典: General volleyball reference)

## テスト 10: ボールの手入れ

- A drop of water or glycerine lets the needle slide in without tearing the valve. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- A ball that will not hold air has a damaged valve or bladder. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Weight or kicks can bend the panels and spoil the ball's round shape. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- A damp cloth removes dirt without soaking the cover; then it is dried at room temperature. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Every ball leaks a little, so a quick check keeps it at the right pressure. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Too much pressure strains the seams and the bladder. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Saving the best balls for matches keeps them consistent for the games that count. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Wet the needle, insert it carefully, pump gradually and finish with a gauge check. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Gather, wipe, pack and store the balls in a cool, dry place. (出典: General volleyball reference)
- Heat changes the pressure and dries out the cover; balls should be stored cool and dry. (出典: General volleyball reference)

出典: General volleyball references, FIVB (beach, snow), World ParaVolley (sitting), FIVB Coaches Manual; original questions authored, nothing reproduced. Numbered FIVB rules belong to the Rules category.

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