# Law 7: Structure of Play

배구 · Law 7: Structure of Play · Insporta Book (https://book.insporta.app/ko/volleyball/laws/law-7-structure-of-play/)

The toss and the official warm-up, the starting line-up and what happens when it does not match the court, the positions at the service hit and how they are judged by the feet, positional faults, rotation and rotational faults.

## 7.71 The Toss and the Warm-up

Who tosses and what it decides, the winner's choice, the second toss, and how long the official warm-up lasts.

### 테스트 1: The toss and the official warm-up

- Before the match the 1st referee tosses to settle who serves first and which side each team takes in the first set. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.1)
- The toss is made in front of both team captains. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.1.1)
- The winner takes either the right to serve or receive, or the side; the loser gets the remaining choice. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.1.2)
- If a deciding set has to be played, a new toss is held for it. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.1)
- With a court previously at their exclusive disposal they get 6 minutes together; without one, 10. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.2.1)
- At the top level teams are entitled to ten minutes together at the net. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.2.1)
- Consecutive warm-ups last 3 or 5 minutes per team, and the team with the first service takes the net first. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.2.2, 7.2.3)
- The winner takes one choice, here the side, and the loser takes the other, serve or receive; nobody else chooses. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.1.2)
- The toss decides the first service, which also decides who warms up first if the warm-ups are separate. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.1, 7.2)
- Separate warm-ups are 3 or 5 minutes; joint ones 6 minutes, or 10 at FIVB events. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.2)

## 7.72 The Starting Line-up

Six players, the rotational order fixed by the line-up sheet, and how discrepancies between the sheet and the court are handled.

### 테스트 1: The starting line-up

- There must always be six players per team in play. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.3.1)
- The starting line-up gives the rotational order of the players, which must be kept throughout the set. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.3.1)
- Everyone outside the starting line-up, except the Liberos, is a substitute for that set. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.3.3)
- After delivery no change is authorised other than a regular substitution. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.3.4)
- A discrepancy found before the set is put right according to the sheet, without any sanction. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.3.5.1)
- The coach may keep a non-recorded player only through a regular substitution, shown by hand signal and recorded. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.3.5.3)
- The team reverts to the correct positions, loses the points it scored since the fault, and the opponents keep theirs plus a point and service. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.3.5.3)
- Nos. 14 and 3 stand in each other's places; found before the set, the positions are simply corrected to the sheet. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.3.5.1)
- The coach decides; keeping the player means a formal substitution at 0-0, recorded like any other. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.3.5.2, 7.3.5.3; Casebook 2024 4.18)
- Before the set there is no sanction; later a point and service plus cancelled points; an unregistered player costs the points or sets gained with him. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.3.5)

## 7.73 Positions at the Service

Where players must stand at the service hit, the numbered positions, how feet decide overlaps, and positional faults.

### 테스트 1: Positions at the service hit

- At the service hit each team stands within its own court; only the server is outside. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.4)
- The receiving team must stand in rotational order; the serving team is free to take any position. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.4)
- The current rules free the serving team to occupy any position at the service hit. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.4)
- Along the net the positions run 4, 3, 2 from left to right. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.4.1.1)
- Back-centre is number 6; the corners behind are 5 on the left and 1 on the right. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.4.1.2)
- Once the server has hit the ball, players may take up any position on their court and in the free zone. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.4.4)
- The Casebook treats this only as a matter of penetration during the rally, not as a positional fault at the hit. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.4; Casebook 2024 2.2)
- Position 6 is the back-centre spot, B; A is position 4, C position 2 and D position 1. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.4.1)
- The front row is numbered 4, 3, 2 from left to right. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.4.1.1)
- The back row is numbered 5, 6, 1 from left to right. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.4.1.2)

### 테스트 2: Feet, overlaps and positional faults

- Positions are judged by the feet on the ground; the last floor contact counts. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.4.3)
- The back-row player needs at least part of one foot level with or further from the centre line than the front foot of the front-row player. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.4.3.1)
- Each right (or left) player must have part of a foot level with or nearer that side line than the others in the row. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.4.3.2)
- A player in the air keeps the position of the last contact with the floor, so the overlap fault stands. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.4.3, 7.5; Casebook 2024 2.1)
- The fault is judged at the moment the server hits the ball. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.5.1)
- A serving fault at the hit is counted before a positional fault. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.5.2)
- When the service only becomes faulty after the hit, the positional fault is the one counted. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.5.3)
- Only in B does a foot of No. 6 reach behind No. 3's front foot; in the others both feet are nearer the net. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.4.3.1)
- The fault is fixed at the hit; the sanction is a point and service to the opponents, and the positions are put right. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.5.4)
- A fault at the hit beats a positional fault, which in turn beats a service that only goes wrong later. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.5.2, 7.5.3)

## 7.74 Rotation and Rotational Faults

When and how a team rotates, and what follows a service made out of the rotational order.

### 테스트 1: Rotation and rotational faults

- A team rotates when it gains the right to serve after receiving. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.6.2)
- Players move one position clockwise. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.6.2)
- Position 2 goes to 1 to serve, 1 goes to 6, and so on round the court. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.6.2)
- A rotational fault is a service made out of the rotational order. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.7.1)
- The scorer stops play by sounding the buzzer. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.7.1.1)
- Only a single point is awarded, regardless of how the rally ended. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.7.1.1)
- Without the exact moment no points are cancelled; a point and service to the opponents is the only sanction. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.7.2)
- On rotating, the player in position 2, No. 13, moves to position 1 and serves. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.6.2)
- Rotation is clockwise: 2 to 1 to serve, then 6, 5, 4, 3 and back to 2. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.6.2)
- The buzzer, point and service and rectification come in that order; the scorer then cancels the points scored since the fault. (출처: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.7.1, 7.7.2)

출처: FIVB Official Volleyball Rules 2025-2028, Rule 7 (paraphrased in original wording; original questions authored from the Rules, not reproduced)

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