# Defensive Principles · Field Hockey, Poziom 3: Niższy średni

Field Hockey · Poziom 3: Niższy średni · Insporta Book (https://book.insporta.app/pl/field-hockey/level-3/defensive-principles/)

Defensive Principles: 100 faktów, 10 testów.

The phases of play without the ball, ball side and help side, double and cover defence, choosing how to mark, getting behind the ball, channelling to the left, marking near the circle, strikers who defend and fake space.

## Test 1: The phases without the ball

- Without the ball: breakdown, then delay, then disrupt scoring. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Systems in hockey)
- Apply pressure to force a faulty or risky pass or play. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Systems in hockey)
- Delay: slow down the attack. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Systems in hockey)
- Disrupt scoring opportunities: block, tackle, defend goal and rebounds. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Systems in hockey)
- Block tackle, defend the goal, defend rebounds. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Systems in hockey)
- Defend rebounds belongs to the last phase. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Systems in hockey)
- Breakdown: channel and apply pressure. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Systems in hockey)
- Win it high, slow it, then protect the goal. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Systems in hockey)
- Pressure, delay, block. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Systems in hockey)
- Pressure far from your own goal: breakdown. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Systems in hockey)

## Test 2: Ball side and help side

- Help side: the non-ball side of the field. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Glossary)
- Marking on the side of the ball is tight and allows intercepts. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Defending outside the circle)
- Far-side marking is goal side and allows cover defence. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Defending outside the circle)
- Defenders fairly tight, always on the ball side of the opponent. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Defending outside the circle)
- Positional changes take place when the ball is switched. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Positional changes)
- Players closest to the ball, ball side, mark very tightly. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Positional changes)
- Players furthest from the ball provide cover defence. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Positional changes)
- Tight near the ball, cover far away. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Defending outside the circle)
- The whole line slides with the ball. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Positional changes)
- Away from the ball, the defender drops goal side to cover. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Defending outside the circle)

## Test 3: Double defence

- Defensive teamwork: the high defender channels onto the front stick of the cover defender. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Basic terms in defence)
- Channel the attacker onto the front stick side of the supportive cover defender. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Basic terms in defence)
- The sweeper sets up double defence to force turnovers. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Individual tasks)
- To force turnovers. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Individual tasks)
- Defensive teamwork, double defence, appears in Phase 2 of the oldest step. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Phase 2)
- The full press forces the opposition to run into double defence or tackles. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Full press)
- The open stick side gives the strongest tackle. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Close, show, step, win. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Basic terms in defence)
- The high defender channels; the cover tackles. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Basic terms in defence)
- Channelling the attacker onto a second defender: double defence. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Basic terms in defence)

## Test 4: Cover defence

- Cover defence: deep defensive support from a team-mate. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Basic terms in defence)
- Cover means the next defender is ready if the first is beaten. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Both systems ensure cover from the non-ball side defenders. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Six-a-side)
- Cover sits deeper, between the action and the goal. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- An important task of the free defender is backup cover. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Eight-a-side)
- The marking system must also allow for cover at all times. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Defending outside the circle)
- With a sweeper behind, the defenders always have cover. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Formation 1)
- Pressure, cover, break, rescue. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Glossary)
- Pressure in front, cover behind, the keeper last. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Glossary)
- A deeper team-mate behind the first defender gives cover. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Basic terms in defence)

## Test 5: Choosing a marking system

- Midfielders must make a defensive decision: man-on-man or zonal. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Role of the midfielders)
- The defender defends a zone and picks up any player or ball that passes through it. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Basic terms in defence)
- Zone defence forces the opposition to take risks out the back. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Role of the strikers)
- Without cover, a lost duel frees an attacker. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Formation 1)
- Attackers look for the seams between zones. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Eliminating key opposition players through tight defensive marking. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Role of the midfielders)
- Defensively overloading the opposition. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Role of the midfielders)
- Man-to-man is tightest. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Basic terms in defence)
- Hold, pick up, pass on. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Basic terms in defence)
- Following one opponent wherever they go: man-to-man. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Basic terms in defence)

## Test 6: Behind the ball after a turnover

- The centre midfielder drops back as soon as possible after a turnover. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Individual tasks)
- Wide midfielders recover at once when the ball is lost. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Individual tasks)
- Falling back to own half to get numbers behind the ball. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Role of the strikers)
- Numbers behind the ball protect the goal. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Turnover of the ball can be unexpected; players need good reactions. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Role of the midfielders)
- Experienced players see a turnover coming sooner. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Role of the midfielders)
- Players learn to react tactically as possession changes. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Six-a-side)
- Lose, press, recover, organise. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Individual tasks)
- Those highest up have the furthest to go. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- After a turnover, get behind the ball at once. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Individual tasks)

## Test 7: Channelling to the left

- Play is forced preferably to the left side, which is normally easier to defend. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Full press)
- Concentrate on channelling the opposition attack left. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Individual tasks)
- Force the opposition left and block play to the right. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Individual tasks)
- On the left the attacker uses the weaker reverse stick. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Play is forced to the side of the field. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Full press)
- One striker cuts off the ball back to the middle. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Full press)
- Pinned near the side-line, the attacker has fewer ways forward. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Individual tasks)
- Block, show, squeeze, win. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Full press)
- The side is easiest, the circle hardest. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Full press)
- Blocking the right and showing the left channels play left. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Full press)

## Test 8: Tighter near the circle

- The closer the ball is to the goal, the tighter the marking. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Defending outside the circle)
- It must also be aggressive. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Defending outside the circle)
- It allows defenders to intercept passes ahead of the receiving player. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Defending outside the circle)
- Feet and shoulders perpendicular to the line of pass. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Important)
- To have the ball and receiving player in the field of vision. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Important)
- Ensure that if an attacker receives, defenders are between ball and goal. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Basic defensive rules)
- Attackers gather just in front of the goal, so marking there is tightest. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Individual tasks)
- Tighter the nearer the goal. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Defending outside the circle)
- Three of the basic rules. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Basic defensive rules)
- Side-on to the pass line keeps ball and receiver in view. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Important)

## Test 9: Strikers who defend

- Disrupt the opposition's attacking lines. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Role of the strikers)
- Quick reverse press: pressure on opposition defenders and midfielders. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Role of the strikers)
- Close down and channel opposition defenders. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Role of the strikers)
- Close down the attacking space of the opposition right half, channel and delay. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Individual tasks)
- Winning the ball high leaves little distance to the circle. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Strikers also recover into their own half when needed. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Role of the strikers)
- Pressure on rushed passers produces errors. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Role of the strikers)
- Press, steer, cut, win. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Role of the strikers)
- Press high, then delay, then recover. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Role of the strikers)
- Strikers close down defenders: defending from the front. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Role of the strikers)

## Test 10: Fake space

- A defender allows more space, encouraging the pass to the 'open' player. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Ball in the centre)
- As the pass is made, the defender steps to intercept, tackle or set up double defence. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Ball in the centre)
- In the ball-in-centre situation and similar ones. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Ball in the centre)
- Closing quickly after inviting the pass is everything. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Too slow, and the open player really is open. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Stepping in can set up a double defence. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Ball in the centre)
- The pass looks safe, so it is played. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Invite, pass, step, win. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Ball in the centre)
- Far, closing, there. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Ball in the centre)
- Inviting a pass to an apparently free player: fake space. (Źródło: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Ball in the centre)

Źródła: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, USA Field Hockey 101, NFHCA notes, FIH history and official results; original questions authored, nothing reproduced. Numbered rules belong to the Rules category (Field Hockey - Rules of Hockey).

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