# Rozdział 5: Wyposażenie i technologia

Siatkówka · Rozdział 5: Wyposażenie i technologia · Insporta Book (https://book.insporta.app/pl/volleyball/interesting-facts/chapter-5-equipment-technology/)

The objects and the tools of the game: Mikasa and Molten, the modern match ball, Japanese shoe and kit makers, the floors of the Olympics, the video challenge, scouting software, a volleyball film star and jump counters.

## 5.51 Mikasa

A rubber company of 1917, sandals and dodgeballs, and the ball of the Olympics.

### Test 1: Mikasa

- Masutaro Masuda set it up as a rubber company. (Źródło: Mikasa Corporation company history and profile; CEV, 'Long term and fruitful' (Mikasa partnership); Hiroshima Peace Media)
- Gomu is Japanese for rubber. (Źródło: Mikasa Corporation company history and profile; CEV, 'Long term and fruitful' (Mikasa partnership); Hiroshima Peace Media)
- Masutaro Masuda's firm started with everyday rubber goods. (Źródło: Mikasa Corporation company history and profile; CEV, 'Long term and fruitful' (Mikasa partnership); Hiroshima Peace Media)
- The other three founded Molten, Mizuno and ASICS. (Źródło: Mikasa Corporation company history and profile; CEV, 'Long term and fruitful' (Mikasa partnership); Hiroshima Peace Media)
- The company merged with rival rubber firms in the early 1940s. (Źródło: Mikasa Corporation company history and profile; CEV, 'Long term and fruitful' (Mikasa partnership); Hiroshima Peace Media)
- The Olympic debut had come five years earlier. (Źródło: Mikasa Corporation company history and profile; CEV, 'Long term and fruitful' (Mikasa partnership); Hiroshima Peace Media)
- The Hiroshima ball maker and the tableware company are separate. (Źródło: Mikasa Corporation company history and profile; CEV, 'Long term and fruitful' (Mikasa partnership); Hiroshima Peace Media)
- 1917, 1935, 1964 and 1969. (Źródło: Mikasa Corporation company history and profile; CEV, 'Long term and fruitful' (Mikasa partnership); Hiroshima Peace Media)
- 1906, 1917, 1949 and 1958. (Źródło: Mikasa Corporation company history and profile; CEV, 'Long term and fruitful' (Mikasa partnership); Hiroshima Peace Media)
- Mikasa volleyballs first appeared at the Olympics in Tokyo. (Źródło: Mikasa Corporation company history and profile; CEV, 'Long term and fruitful' (Mikasa partnership); Hiroshima Peace Media)

## 5.52 Molten

A Hiroshima factory of 1958, an early approval for volleyball and balls for many sports.

### Test 1: Molten

- Like Mikasa, Molten comes from Hiroshima. (Źródło: Molten Corporation, company history (molten.co.jp); Molten USA on the NCAA Volleyball Championships ball)
- He led the company from its founding. (Źródło: Molten Corporation, company history (molten.co.jp); Molten USA on the NCAA Volleyball Championships ball)
- Approval came barely a year and a half after the first ball. (Źródło: Molten Corporation, company history (molten.co.jp); Molten USA on the NCAA Volleyball Championships ball)
- The same year as Mikasa's official designation. (Źródło: Molten Corporation, company history (molten.co.jp); Molten USA on the NCAA Volleyball Championships ball)
- It changed its company name in October 1983. (Źródło: Molten Corporation, company history (molten.co.jp); Molten USA on the NCAA Volleyball Championships ball)
- The selection was announced in November 1981. (Źródło: Molten Corporation, company history (molten.co.jp); Molten USA on the NCAA Volleyball Championships ball)
- It also supplies USA Volleyball and many state associations. (Źródło: Molten Corporation, company history (molten.co.jp); Molten USA on the NCAA Volleyball Championships ball)
- 1958, 1960, 1969 and 1983. (Źródło: Molten Corporation, company history (molten.co.jp); Molten USA on the NCAA Volleyball Championships ball)
- 1969, April 1973 and May 1975. (Źródło: Molten Corporation, company history (molten.co.jp); Molten USA on the NCAA Volleyball Championships ball)
- Molten's first ball came three months after its head factory opened. (Źródło: Molten Corporation, company history (molten.co.jp); Molten USA on the NCAA Volleyball Championships ball)

## 5.53 The Modern Match Ball

The V200W and its 18 panels, the ball it replaced and the dimples on its skin.

### Test 1: the modern match ball

- The new panel layout was the main change from the previous ball. (Źródło: FIVB and Mikasa on the V200W reveal at the 36th FIVB World Congress, Cancun; Volleyball Alberta on the V200W and the MVA200)
- The older ball was gradually discontinued. (Źródło: FIVB and Mikasa on the V200W reveal at the 36th FIVB World Congress, Cancun; Volleyball Alberta on the V200W and the MVA200)
- Core and cover stayed identical. (Źródło: FIVB and Mikasa on the V200W reveal at the 36th FIVB World Congress, Cancun; Volleyball Alberta on the V200W and the MVA200)
- The dimples help against sweat and stabilise the flight. (Źródło: FIVB and Mikasa on the V200W reveal at the 36th FIVB World Congress, Cancun; Volleyball Alberta on the V200W and the MVA200)
- It was revealed by the FIVB and Mikasa together. (Źródło: FIVB and Mikasa on the V200W reveal at the 36th FIVB World Congress, Cancun; Volleyball Alberta on the V200W and the MVA200)
- The bright panels are easy to follow on screen. (Źródło: FIVB and Mikasa on the V200W reveal at the 36th FIVB World Congress, Cancun; Volleyball Alberta on the V200W and the MVA200)
- It became the ball of the Tokyo Olympics. (Źródło: FIVB and Mikasa on the V200W reveal at the 36th FIVB World Congress, Cancun; Volleyball Alberta on the V200W and the MVA200)
- The 1890s ball, then the MVA200, then the V200W from 2019. (Źródło: FIVB and Mikasa on the V200W reveal at the 36th FIVB World Congress, Cancun; Volleyball Alberta on the V200W and the MVA200)
- The V200W was revealed in Cancún, sold from 2019 and used in Tokyo. (Źródło: FIVB and Mikasa on the V200W reveal at the 36th FIVB World Congress, Cancun; Volleyball Alberta on the V200W and the MVA200)
- The V200W was revealed at the FIVB World Congress in Cancún, Mexico. (Źródło: FIVB and Mikasa on the V200W reveal at the 36th FIVB World Congress, Cancun; Volleyball Alberta on the V200W and the MVA200)

## 5.54 Shoe Makers from Japan

A Kobe company of 1949 named after a Latin motto, and an Osaka shop of 1906.

### Test 1: shoe makers from Japan

- It started as Onitsuka Shokai, with two employees. (Źródło: ASICS corporate history (corp.asics.com); Mizuno corporate history (corp.mizuno.com))
- Anima Sana In Corpore Sano: a sound mind in a sound body. (Źródło: ASICS corporate history (corp.asics.com); Mizuno corporate history (corp.mizuno.com))
- A wartime friend, Kohei Hori, suggested the phrase. (Źródło: ASICS corporate history (corp.asics.com); Mizuno corporate history (corp.mizuno.com))
- The company grew into one of the world's big sports brands. (Źródło: ASICS corporate history (corp.asics.com); Mizuno corporate history (corp.mizuno.com))
- The friend was Kohei Hori; Onitsuka took up his idea. (Źródło: ASICS corporate history (corp.asics.com); Mizuno corporate history (corp.mizuno.com))
- Onitsuka and two other firms came together. (Źródło: ASICS corporate history (corp.asics.com); Mizuno corporate history (corp.mizuno.com))
- It was reorganised as Onitsuka Co., Ltd. the same year. (Źródło: ASICS corporate history (corp.asics.com); Mizuno corporate history (corp.mizuno.com))
- The words come from a line by the Roman poet Juvenal. (Źródło: ASICS corporate history (corp.asics.com); Mizuno corporate history (corp.mizuno.com))
- 1910, 1933 and 1949. (Źródło: ASICS corporate history (corp.asics.com); Mizuno corporate history (corp.mizuno.com))
- Kihachiro Onitsuka's Kobe company later became ASICS. (Źródło: ASICS corporate history (corp.asics.com); Mizuno corporate history (corp.mizuno.com))

## 5.55 The Floors of the Olympics

A French sports floor at every Games from Montreal 1976, and a long FIVB partnership.

### Test 1: the floors of the Olympics

- It is made by the French company Gerflor. (Źródło: Gerflor press releases on Taraflex at the Olympic Games (2012, 2016) and the FIVB partnership renewal (2016))
- Badminton and table tennis followed at later Games. (Źródło: Gerflor press releases on Taraflex at the Olympic Games (2012, 2016) and the FIVB partnership renewal (2016))
- The French company supplies floors to Olympic and FIVB events. (Źródło: Gerflor press releases on Taraflex at the Olympic Games (2012, 2016) and the FIVB partnership renewal (2016))
- Rio marked 40 years of the Olympic tradition. (Źródło: Gerflor press releases on Taraflex at the Olympic Games (2012, 2016) and the FIVB partnership renewal (2016))
- The partnership was renewed again for 2017-2020. (Źródło: Gerflor press releases on Taraflex at the Olympic Games (2012, 2016) and the FIVB partnership renewal (2016))
- Olympic supply began in 1976, Paralympic supply in 2012. (Źródło: Gerflor press releases on Taraflex at the Olympic Games (2012, 2016) and the FIVB partnership renewal (2016))
- It took the partnership up to the Tokyo Olympics. (Źródło: Gerflor press releases on Taraflex at the Olympic Games (2012, 2016) and the FIVB partnership renewal (2016))
- 1976, 1997, 2005 and 2012. (Źródło: Gerflor press releases on Taraflex at the Olympic Games (2012, 2016) and the FIVB partnership renewal (2016))
- 1976, 1988, 2012 and 2016. (Źródło: Gerflor press releases on Taraflex at the Olympic Games (2012, 2016) and the FIVB partnership renewal (2016))
- Taraflex made its Olympic debut at Montreal 1976. (Źródło: Gerflor press releases on Taraflex at the Olympic Games (2012, 2016) and the FIVB partnership renewal (2016))

## 5.56 Video Challenge

From a club world championship in 2012 to 399 challenges in Rio.

### Test 1: the video challenge

- It was not used consistently until 2016. (Źródło: FIVB, 'The legacy of innovation during President Graca's mandate' (2024); VolleyMob, 'New technological additions in Manila' (2016))
- It has since become a fixture at FIVB events. (Źródło: FIVB, 'The legacy of innovation during President Graca's mandate' (2024); VolleyMob, 'New technological additions in Manila' (2016))
- A good share of them changed the call. (Źródło: FIVB, 'The legacy of innovation during President Graca's mandate' (2024); VolleyMob, 'New technological additions in Manila' (2016))
- His motto was 'Innovation and Opportunity'. (Źródło: FIVB, 'The legacy of innovation during President Graca's mandate' (2024); VolleyMob, 'New technological additions in Manila' (2016))
- It spread from Rio to every FIVB event. (Źródło: FIVB, 'The legacy of innovation during President Graca's mandate' (2024); VolleyMob, 'New technological additions in Manila' (2016))
- Facts of play, such as in or out, net touches and block touches, are checked. (Źródło: FIVB, 'The legacy of innovation during President Graca's mandate' (2024); VolleyMob, 'New technological additions in Manila' (2016))
- He led the FIVB for 12 years. (Źródło: FIVB, 'The legacy of innovation during President Graca's mandate' (2024); VolleyMob, 'New technological additions in Manila' (2016))
- 2012, 2016 and after. (Źródło: FIVB, 'The legacy of innovation during President Graca's mandate' (2024); VolleyMob, 'New technological additions in Manila' (2016))
- The rally's facts are checked on video before play goes on. (Źródło: FIVB, 'The legacy of innovation during President Graca's mandate' (2024); VolleyMob, 'New technological additions in Manila' (2016))
- 159 of the 399 challenges at Rio changed the decision. (Źródło: FIVB, 'The legacy of innovation during President Graca's mandate' (2024); VolleyMob, 'New technological additions in Manila' (2016))

## 5.57 Scouting Software

Data Volley, the files it writes and the company behind it.

### Test 1: scouting software

- Every technical action in a match is recorded. (Źródło: Data Project, Data Volley 2007 handbook (dataproject.com); Journal of Big Data (2025) on the .dvw scouting format)
- The .dvw files hold a structured record of a match. (Źródło: Data Project, Data Volley 2007 handbook (dataproject.com); Journal of Big Data (2025) on the .dvw scouting format)
- Its website is dataproject.com. (Źródło: Data Project, Data Volley 2007 handbook (dataproject.com); Journal of Big Data (2025) on the .dvw scouting format)
- Software development and customer service were in Salerno. (Źródło: Data Project, Data Volley 2007 handbook (dataproject.com); Journal of Big Data (2025) on the .dvw scouting format)
- The head office was in Bologna. (Źródło: Data Project, Data Volley 2007 handbook (dataproject.com); Journal of Big Data (2025) on the .dvw scouting format)
- Researchers have to work with the files it exports. (Źródło: Data Project, Data Volley 2007 handbook (dataproject.com); Journal of Big Data (2025) on the .dvw scouting format)
- It helps staff prepare matches from the data. (Źródło: Data Project, Data Volley 2007 handbook (dataproject.com); Journal of Big Data (2025) on the .dvw scouting format)
- Coding during the match feeds the analysis afterwards. (Źródło: Data Project, Data Volley 2007 handbook (dataproject.com); Journal of Big Data (2025) on the .dvw scouting format)
- Data Project's head office was in Bologna and its developers in Salerno. (Źródło: Data Project, Data Volley 2007 handbook (dataproject.com); Journal of Big Data (2025) on the .dvw scouting format)
- Data Project, maker of Data Volley, is Italian. (Źródło: Data Project, Data Volley 2007 handbook (dataproject.com); Journal of Big Data (2025) on the .dvw scouting format)

## 5.58 A Volleyball Film Star

Wilson, the ball with a painted face, and what it fetched at auction.

### Test 1: a volleyball film star

- Tom Hanks's character paints a face on the ball. (Źródło: The Times, Snopes and InsideHook on the 2021 Propstore sale; Robb Report and Bloomberg on the 2022 sale)
- It sold for £230,000. (Źródło: The Times, Snopes and InsideHook on the 2021 Propstore sale; Robb Report and Bloomberg on the 2022 sale)
- It sold for nearly four times its estimate. (Źródło: The Times, Snopes and InsideHook on the 2021 Propstore sale; Robb Report and Bloomberg on the 2022 sale)
- It was a second ball from the production. (Źródło: The Times, Snopes and InsideHook on the 2021 Propstore sale; Robb Report and Bloomberg on the 2022 sale)
- Films often make several copies of a prop. (Źródło: The Times, Snopes and InsideHook on the 2021 Propstore sale; Robb Report and Bloomberg on the 2022 sale)
- The buyer's name was not given. (Źródło: The Times, Snopes and InsideHook on the 2021 Propstore sale; Robb Report and Bloomberg on the 2022 sale)
- The castaway names the ball after the maker's logo. (Źródło: The Times, Snopes and InsideHook on the 2021 Propstore sale; Robb Report and Bloomberg on the 2022 sale)
- £60,000, £75,000 and £230,000. (Źródło: The Times, Snopes and InsideHook on the 2021 Propstore sale; Robb Report and Bloomberg on the 2022 sale)
- 2000, 2021 and 2022. (Źródło: The Times, Snopes and InsideHook on the 2021 Propstore sale; Robb Report and Bloomberg on the 2022 sale)
- The ball, named Wilson, became one of film's best-known props. (Źródło: The Times, Snopes and InsideHook on the 2021 Propstore sale; Robb Report and Bloomberg on the 2022 sale)

## 5.59 Jump Counters

A sensor the size of a USB stick that counts every jump, and how well it measures.

### Test 1: jump counters

- Coaches watch the figures live on a phone or tablet. (Źródło: Sports Illustrated (2015) and USA Volleyball (2017) on VERT; Biology of Sport (2017), 'Validation of the VERT wearable jump monitor')
- Later versions fit into a waist belt. (Źródło: Sports Illustrated (2015) and USA Volleyball (2017) on VERT; Biology of Sport (2017), 'Validation of the VERT wearable jump monitor')
- It is worn in a belt at the waist. (Źródło: Sports Illustrated (2015) and USA Volleyball (2017) on VERT; Biology of Sport (2017), 'Validation of the VERT wearable jump monitor')
- The deal was extended in 2017 to run to 2020. (Źródło: Sports Illustrated (2015) and USA Volleyball (2017) on VERT; Biology of Sport (2017), 'Validation of the VERT wearable jump monitor')
- Their attack jumps were measured both ways. (Źródło: Sports Illustrated (2015) and USA Volleyball (2017) on VERT; Biology of Sport (2017), 'Validation of the VERT wearable jump monitor')
- 76.3 cm on VERT against 70.9 cm on the ruler. (Źródło: Sports Illustrated (2015) and USA Volleyball (2017) on VERT; Biology of Sport (2017), 'Validation of the VERT wearable jump monitor')
- It worked with iOS devices. (Źródło: Sports Illustrated (2015) and USA Volleyball (2017) on VERT; Biology of Sport (2017), 'Validation of the VERT wearable jump monitor')
- Summer 2014, March 2017 and 2020. (Źródło: Sports Illustrated (2015) and USA Volleyball (2017) on VERT; Biology of Sport (2017), 'Validation of the VERT wearable jump monitor')
- 0.75, 70.9 and 76.3. (Źródło: Sports Illustrated (2015) and USA Volleyball (2017) on VERT; Biology of Sport (2017), 'Validation of the VERT wearable jump monitor')
- VERT-style wearables track jump load in training. (Źródło: Sports Illustrated (2015) and USA Volleyball (2017) on VERT; Biology of Sport (2017), 'Validation of the VERT wearable jump monitor')

## 5.60 Brands Behind the Kit

From a 1906 shop in Osaka to a Kobe company: the brands that dress volleyball players.

### Test 1: brands behind the kit

- Rihachi lived from 1884 to 1970. (Źródło: ASICS corporate history (corp.asics.com); Mizuno corporate history (corp.mizuno.com))
- Golf clubs followed twenty years later. (Źródło: ASICS corporate history (corp.asics.com); Mizuno corporate history (corp.mizuno.com))
- Mizuno spread into many sports. (Źródło: ASICS corporate history (corp.asics.com); Mizuno corporate history (corp.mizuno.com))
- The name has stayed the same since. (Źródło: ASICS corporate history (corp.asics.com); Mizuno corporate history (corp.mizuno.com))
- Rihachi Mizuno and his younger brother Rizo founded it. (Źródło: ASICS corporate history (corp.asics.com); Mizuno corporate history (corp.mizuno.com))
- His first shop sold western goods, baseballs among them. (Źródło: ASICS corporate history (corp.asics.com); Mizuno corporate history (corp.mizuno.com))
- Sports shoes have come a long way since. (Źródło: ASICS corporate history (corp.asics.com); Mizuno corporate history (corp.mizuno.com))
- 1906, 1941, 1949 and 1977. (Źródło: ASICS corporate history (corp.asics.com); Mizuno corporate history (corp.mizuno.com))
- 1910, 1913 and 1933. (Źródło: ASICS corporate history (corp.asics.com); Mizuno corporate history (corp.mizuno.com))
- Mizuno Brothers opened in Osaka in 1906. (Źródło: ASICS corporate history (corp.asics.com); Mizuno corporate history (corp.mizuno.com))

Źródła: Primary/official sources only, no Wikipedia citations: the International Volleyball Hall of Fame, the FIVB and Volleyball World, the CEV, the NCAA, the IOC, World ParaVolley, the federations', clubs' and leagues' own histories, Guinness World Records and named reputable media.

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