# Глава 5: Экипировка и технологии

Баскетбол · Глава 5: Экипировка и технологии · Insporta Book (https://book.insporta.app/ru/basketball/interesting-facts/chapter-5-equipment-technology/)

The kit and the tools: the ball's story, broken backboards, sneakers and uniforms, famous goggles and masks, the ice under the floor, replay and tracking, how players are measured, game wheelchairs and the companies behind the kit.

## 5.51 The Ball's Story

Spalding, the orange ball, the leather, the signature, Wilson, Molten and the WNBA's two-tone ball.

### Тест 1: the history of the ball

- Naismith asked for a ball made for the new game. (Источник: Spalding (spalding.com); Wilson (wilson.com); Molten (molten.co.jp); NBA (nba.com); WNBA (wnba.com))
- Each new commissioner's name replaces the last. (Источник: Spalding (spalding.com); Wilson (wilson.com); Molten (molten.co.jp); NBA (nba.com); WNBA (wnba.com))
- Earlier balls were a darker brown. (Источник: Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame (hoophall.com))
- The same firm makes leather for American footballs. (Источник: Spalding (spalding.com); Wilson (wilson.com); Molten (molten.co.jp); NBA (nba.com); WNBA (wnba.com))
- Spalding had made the NBA ball since 1983. (Источник: Spalding (spalding.com); Wilson (wilson.com); Molten (molten.co.jp); NBA (nba.com); WNBA (wnba.com))
- The company is based in Hiroshima. (Источник: Spalding (spalding.com); Wilson (wilson.com); Molten (molten.co.jp); NBA (nba.com); WNBA (wnba.com))
- From 1983 to 2021. (Источник: Spalding (spalding.com); Wilson (wilson.com); Molten (molten.co.jp); NBA (nba.com); WNBA (wnba.com))
- The 1890s, the late 1950s, 2006 and 2021. (Источник: Spalding (spalding.com); Wilson (wilson.com); Molten (molten.co.jp); NBA (nba.com); WNBA (wnba.com))
- 1876, 1913 and 1958. (Источник: Spalding (spalding.com); Wilson (wilson.com); Molten (molten.co.jp); NBA (nba.com); WNBA (wnba.com))
- The ball was meant to stand out for the new women's league. (Источник: Spalding (spalding.com); Wilson (wilson.com); Molten (molten.co.jp); NBA (nba.com); WNBA (wnba.com))

## 5.52 Hoops, Nets and Shattered Backboards

Chuck Connors, Chocolate Thunder, Shaq in Phoenix and the spare basket.

### Тест 1: broken backboards and baskets

- He starred as The Rifleman. (Источник: Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame (hoophall.com))
- One of them was in Kansas City. (Источник: NBA History and NBA.com (nba.com))
- He named his dunks too, with long rhyming titles. (Источник: NBA History and NBA.com (nba.com))
- He said he practised dunks there. (Источник: NBA History and NBA.com (nba.com))
- The 24-second clock on top came down with it. (Источник: NBA History and NBA.com (nba.com))
- Every broken board stopped a game for a long time. (Источник: NBA History and NBA.com (nba.com))
- Changing a broken unit can then take minutes rather than an hour. (Источник: NBA History and NBA.com (nba.com))
- 1946, 1979 and 1988. (Источник: Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame (hoophall.com))
- 1975, 1979 and 1993. (Источник: NBA History and NBA.com (nba.com))
- The broadcaster Bill Raftery shouted 'Send it in, Jerome!' (Источник: University of Pittsburgh Athletics (pittsburghpanthers.com); ESPN (espn.com))

## 5.53 Sneakers Through Time

Converse, the shell toe, the Clyde, Air Force 1, the Pump and the $15 shoe.

### Тест 1: the history of basketball shoes

- It was a basketball shoe long before it became a fashion shoe. (Источник: Converse (converse.com); adidas (adidas-group.com); Puma (about.puma.com); Nike (about.nike.com); Reebok (reebok.com))
- Many NBA players wore it in the 1970s. (Источник: Converse (converse.com); adidas (adidas-group.com); Puma (about.puma.com); Nike (about.nike.com); Reebok (reebok.com))
- It was one of the first shoes named after an NBA player. (Источник: Converse (converse.com); adidas (adidas-group.com); Puma (about.puma.com); Nike (about.nike.com); Reebok (reebok.com))
- It was designed by Bruce Kilgore. (Источник: Converse (converse.com); adidas (adidas-group.com); Puma (about.puma.com); Nike (about.nike.com); Reebok (reebok.com))
- Dee Brown pumped his up before dunking in the 1991 contest. (Источник: Converse (converse.com); adidas (adidas-group.com); Puma (about.puma.com); Nike (about.nike.com); Reebok (reebok.com))
- He trained as an architect before joining Nike. (Источник: Converse (converse.com); adidas (adidas-group.com); Puma (about.puma.com); Nike (about.nike.com); Reebok (reebok.com))
- He wanted children to afford good basketball shoes. (Источник: Converse (converse.com); adidas (adidas-group.com); Puma (about.puma.com); Nike (about.nike.com); Reebok (reebok.com))
- 1917, 1969, 1982 and 1985. (Источник: Converse (converse.com); adidas (adidas-group.com); Puma (about.puma.com); Nike (about.nike.com); Reebok (reebok.com))
- 1973, 1985 and 2006. (Источник: Converse (converse.com); adidas (adidas-group.com); Puma (about.puma.com); Nike (about.nike.com); Reebok (reebok.com))
- The deal was worth about $305 million. (Источник: Converse (converse.com); adidas (adidas-group.com); Puma (about.puma.com); Nike (about.nike.com); Reebok (reebok.com))

## 5.54 Shorts, Jerseys and Uniforms

Baggy shorts, tear-aways, sleeves, editions, patches and short shorts.

### Тест 1: uniforms through time

- Young players everywhere copied the look. (Источник: NBA uniform histories (nba.com); University of Michigan Athletics (mgoblue.com))
- Snap buttons ran down each leg. (Источник: NBA uniform histories (nba.com); University of Michigan Athletics (mgoblue.com))
- Some players were seen tugging at the sleeves during games. (Источник: NBA uniform histories (nba.com); University of Michigan Athletics (mgoblue.com))
- The editions also include Association and Statement. (Источник: NBA uniform histories (nba.com); University of Michigan Athletics (mgoblue.com))
- The patches appeared from the 2017-18 season. (Источник: NBA uniform histories (nba.com); University of Michigan Athletics (mgoblue.com))
- He wore it with Boston for fourteen seasons. (Источник: NBA uniform histories (nba.com); University of Michigan Athletics (mgoblue.com))
- His shorts became one of the NBA's jokes. (Источник: NBA uniform histories (nba.com); University of Michigan Athletics (mgoblue.com))
- 1992, 2013 and 2017. (Источник: NBA uniform histories (nba.com); University of Michigan Athletics (mgoblue.com))
- From 2001, 2006 and 2017. (Источник: NBA uniform histories (nba.com); University of Michigan Athletics (mgoblue.com))
- The kit had short sleeves, like a T-shirt. (Источник: NBA uniform histories (nba.com); University of Michigan Athletics (mgoblue.com))

## 5.55 Goggles, Masks and Sleeves

Kareem, Rambis, Grant, Worthy, Kobe's black mask and Iverson's sleeve.

### Тест 1: famous goggles, masks and sleeves

- Opponents' fingers kept catching his eyes under the basket. (Источник: NBA History (nba.com); team histories on the teams' official sites)
- Fans called him Clark Kent. (Источник: NBA History (nba.com); team histories on the teams' official sites)
- He wore them through three title seasons. (Источник: NBA History (nba.com); team histories on the teams' official sites)
- He was Finals MVP in 1988. (Источник: NBA History (nba.com); team histories on the teams' official sites)
- He had broken his nose in the All-Star Game. (Источник: NBA History (nba.com); team histories on the teams' official sites)
- He had a detached retina. (Источник: NBA History (nba.com); team histories on the teams' official sites)
- It often hangs half out of his mouth. (Источник: NBA History (nba.com); team histories on the teams' official sites)
- The 1970s, 2001 and 2012. (Источник: NBA History (nba.com); team histories on the teams' official sites)
- 2003, 2012 and 2014. (Источник: NBA History (nba.com); team histories on the teams' official sites)
- He first wore it because of a swollen elbow. (Источник: NBA History (nba.com); team histories on the teams' official sites)

## 5.56 Ice Under the Floor

Arenas shared with ice hockey and the changeover between games.

### Тест 1: courts laid over ice

- It opened in 2001. (Источник: Arena operators' official sites (msg.com; cryptoarena.com; scotiabankarena.com; americanairlinescenter.com); NBA (nba.com))
- Arena crews can do it between an afternoon and an evening game. (Источник: Arena operators' official sites (msg.com; cryptoarena.com; scotiabankarena.com; americanairlinescenter.com); NBA (nba.com))
- The panels lock together like a puzzle. (Источник: Arena operators' official sites (msg.com; cryptoarena.com; scotiabankarena.com; americanairlinescenter.com); NBA (nba.com))
- The arena also hosted the Kings hockey team and the Sparks. (Источник: Arena operators' official sites (msg.com; cryptoarena.com; scotiabankarena.com; americanairlinescenter.com); NBA (nba.com))
- The two teams sometimes play there on the same day. (Источник: Arena operators' official sites (msg.com; cryptoarena.com; scotiabankarena.com; americanairlinescenter.com); NBA (nba.com))
- The arena opened in 1999. (Источник: Arena operators' official sites (msg.com; cryptoarena.com; scotiabankarena.com; americanairlinescenter.com); NBA (nba.com))
- Insulated boards keep the cold away from the court. (Источник: Arena operators' official sites (msg.com; cryptoarena.com; scotiabankarena.com; americanairlinescenter.com); NBA (nba.com))
- The ice itself stays frozen underneath. (Источник: Arena operators' official sites (msg.com; cryptoarena.com; scotiabankarena.com; americanairlinescenter.com); NBA (nba.com))
- About 61 x 26 m, 28 x 15 m and 15 x 11 m. (Источник: Arena operators' official sites (msg.com; cryptoarena.com; scotiabankarena.com; americanairlinescenter.com); NBA (nba.com))
- The court sits on insulated boards laid over the frozen rink. (Источник: Arena operators' official sites (msg.com; cryptoarena.com; scotiabankarena.com; americanairlinescenter.com); NBA (nba.com))

## 5.57 Replay, Cameras and Tracking

Instant replay, the Replay Center, challenges and tracking cameras.

### Тест 1: replay and tracking

- Officials could check whether a last shot beat the clock. (Источник: NBA Official, 'Replay Center' and 'Last Two Minute Reports' (official.nba.com); NBA (nba.com))
- Officials there review plays from every game. (Источник: NBA Official, 'Replay Center' and 'Last Two Minute Reports' (official.nba.com); NBA (nba.com))
- A successful challenge is kept by the coach. (Источник: NBA Official, 'Replay Center' and 'Last Two Minute Reports' (official.nba.com); NBA (nba.com))
- Second Spectrum took over in 2017. (Источник: NBA Official, 'Replay Center' and 'Last Two Minute Reports' (official.nba.com); NBA (nba.com))
- They say which calls were right or wrong. (Источник: NBA Official, 'Replay Center' and 'Last Two Minute Reports' (official.nba.com); NBA (nba.com))
- Hawk-Eye also checks line calls in tennis. (Источник: NBA Official, 'Replay Center' and 'Last Two Minute Reports' (official.nba.com); NBA (nba.com))
- A starter covers more than 3 km in a typical game. (Источник: NBA Official, 'Replay Center' and 'Last Two Minute Reports' (official.nba.com); NBA (nba.com))
- 2002, 2013, 2014 and 2019. (Источник: NBA Official, 'Replay Center' and 'Last Two Minute Reports' (official.nba.com); NBA (nba.com))
- From 2013, 2017 and 2023. (Источник: NBA Official, 'Replay Center' and 'Last Two Minute Reports' (official.nba.com); NBA (nba.com))
- SportVU recorded 25 frames a second. (Источник: NBA Official, 'Replay Center' and 'Last Two Minute Reports' (official.nba.com); NBA (nba.com))

## 5.58 Measuring Players

Barefoot heights, the Draft Combine, wingspan, reach and big hands.

### Тест 1: how players are measured

- Listed heights had grown by an inch or two with shoes. (Источник: NBA Draft Combine measurements (nba.com/stats/draft/combine))
- Prospects are measured and tested there before the draft. (Источник: NBA Draft Combine measurements (nba.com/stats/draft/combine))
- Players shuffle, sprint and backpedal round the lane. (Источник: NBA Draft Combine measurements (nba.com/stats/draft/combine))
- The rim is 3.05 m high. (Источник: NBA Draft Combine measurements (nba.com/stats/draft/combine))
- They measured 9.75 inches long and 11.25 inches wide. (Источник: NBA Draft Combine measurements (nba.com/stats/draft/combine))
- A long wingspan for one's height helps on defence. (Источник: NBA Draft Combine measurements (nba.com/stats/draft/combine))
- He stood 2.31 m tall. (Источник: NBA Draft Combine measurements (nba.com/stats/draft/combine))
- Reach adds the arm stretched up above the head. (Источник: NBA Draft Combine measurements (nba.com/stats/draft/combine))
- About 2.31 m, 2.24 m and 2.06 m. (Источник: NBA Draft Combine measurements (nba.com/stats/draft/combine))
- Many great defenders have a wingspan well beyond their height. (Источник: NBA Draft Combine measurements (nba.com/stats/draft/combine))

## 5.59 Wheelchairs and Adaptive Basketball

How game chairs are built, the first teams and Special Olympics Unified play.

### Тест 1: wheelchair and adaptive basketball

- Veterans of the Second World War formed the first teams. (Источник: International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (iwbf.org); International Paralympic Committee (paralympic.org); Special Olympics (specialolympics.org))
- A guard's chair is set up differently from a centre's. (Источник: International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (iwbf.org); International Paralympic Committee (paralympic.org); Special Olympics (specialolympics.org))
- A light chair turns and speeds up faster. (Источник: International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (iwbf.org); International Paralympic Committee (paralympic.org); Special Olympics (specialolympics.org))
- Straps let players tilt the chair to reach higher. (Источник: International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (iwbf.org); International Paralympic Committee (paralympic.org); Special Olympics (specialolympics.org))
- He won three Paralympic golds with Canada. (Источник: International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (iwbf.org); International Paralympic Committee (paralympic.org); Special Olympics (specialolympics.org))
- Teammates of mixed ability play side by side. (Источник: International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (iwbf.org); International Paralympic Committee (paralympic.org); Special Olympics (specialolympics.org))
- The push rims are hard on bare skin. (Источник: International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (iwbf.org); International Paralympic Committee (paralympic.org); Special Olympics (specialolympics.org))
- The mid-1940s, 1948 and 1960. (Источник: International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (iwbf.org); International Paralympic Committee (paralympic.org); Special Olympics (specialolympics.org))
- The small wheel at the back stops the chair tipping over. (Источник: International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (iwbf.org); International Paralympic Committee (paralympic.org); Special Olympics (specialolympics.org))
- Camber makes the chair steadier and quicker to turn. (Источник: International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (iwbf.org); International Paralympic Committee (paralympic.org); Special Olympics (specialolympics.org))

## 5.60 The Companies Behind the Kit

Spalding, Wilson, adidas and Puma, Nike, Converse, Li-Ning and Under Armour.

### Тест 1: the companies that make the kit

- He opened his sporting goods shop in Chicago in 1876. (Источник: The companies' own histories: Spalding, Converse, adidas, Puma, Nike, Molten, Li-Ning (lining.com), Under Armour (about.underarmour.com), Wilson)
- It first made goods such as racket strings from by-products. (Источник: The companies' own histories: Spalding, Converse, adidas, Puma, Nike, Molten, Li-Ning (lining.com), Under Armour (about.underarmour.com), Wilson)
- Adi and Rudolf Dassler split their shoe firm in 1948. (Источник: The companies' own histories: Spalding, Converse, adidas, Puma, Nike, Molten, Li-Ning (lining.com), Under Armour (about.underarmour.com), Wilson)
- Phil Knight and his coach Bill Bowerman started it. (Источник: The companies' own histories: Spalding, Converse, adidas, Puma, Nike, Molten, Li-Ning (lining.com), Under Armour (about.underarmour.com), Wilson)
- Marquis Mills Converse started it in Malden. (Источник: The companies' own histories: Spalding, Converse, adidas, Puma, Nike, Molten, Li-Ning (lining.com), Under Armour (about.underarmour.com), Wilson)
- Li Ning won three golds at the 1984 Olympics. (Источник: The companies' own histories: Spalding, Converse, adidas, Puma, Nike, Molten, Li-Ning (lining.com), Under Armour (about.underarmour.com), Wilson)
- He played for the University of Maryland. (Источник: The companies' own histories: Spalding, Converse, adidas, Puma, Nike, Molten, Li-Ning (lining.com), Under Armour (about.underarmour.com), Wilson)
- 1876, 1908, 1949 and 1964. (Источник: The companies' own histories: Spalding, Converse, adidas, Puma, Nike, Molten, Li-Ning (lining.com), Under Armour (about.underarmour.com), Wilson)
- 1948, 1958 and 1990. (Источник: The companies' own histories: Spalding, Converse, adidas, Puma, Nike, Molten, Li-Ning (lining.com), Under Armour (about.underarmour.com), Wilson)
- Her name in Greek is Nike. (Источник: The companies' own histories: Spalding, Converse, adidas, Puma, Nike, Molten, Li-Ning (lining.com), Under Armour (about.underarmour.com), Wilson)

Источники: Primary/official sources only, no Wikipedia citations: the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, the NBA, FIBA, the EuroLeague, the NCAA, the WNBA, clubs' and universities' own histories, auction houses' published results and named reputable media.

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