# Chapter 7: Hockey Around the World

Field Hockey · Chapter 7: Hockey Around the World · Insporta Book (https://book.insporta.app/ru/field-hockey/interesting-facts/chapter-7-hockey-around-the-world/)

Kenya, Argentina, New Zealand, Bollywood and America: the game far from where it started.

## 7.71 The Sikh Union of Nairobi

A club in East Africa that once supplied most of a national team.

### Тест 1: Kenya's Sikh Union club

- Records show them playing there from the early 1920s. (Источник: FIH, 'Kenyan legend recalls glory days', 19 October 2017 (fih.hockey); sikhsinhockey.com)
- It also won most of the domestic trophies of the time. (Источник: FIH, 'Kenyan legend recalls glory days', 19 October 2017 (fih.hockey); sikhsinhockey.com)
- He had just seen what the game could be. (Источник: FIH, 'Kenyan legend recalls glory days', 19 October 2017 (fih.hockey); sikhsinhockey.com)
- He played between 1957 and 1972, across four Olympics. (Источник: FIH, 'Kenyan legend recalls glory days', 19 October 2017 (fih.hockey); sikhsinhockey.com)
- He led the team in 1964, 1968 and 1972. (Источник: FIH, 'Kenyan legend recalls glory days', 19 October 2017 (fih.hockey); sikhsinhockey.com)
- It came in Tokyo, against far larger hockey nations. (Источник: FIH, 'Kenyan legend recalls glory days', 19 October 2017 (fih.hockey); sikhsinhockey.com)
- He had been the team coach at Melbourne in 1956. (Источник: FIH, 'Kenyan legend recalls glory days', 19 October 2017 (fih.hockey); sikhsinhockey.com)
- 1957, 1964, 1980, 1988. (Источник: FIH, 'Kenyan legend recalls glory days', 19 October 2017 (fih.hockey); sikhsinhockey.com)
- The 1920s, 1948, 1956, 1971. (Источник: FIH, 'Kenyan legend recalls glory days', 19 October 2017 (fih.hockey); sikhsinhockey.com)
- Kenya's team was largely built from Nairobi's Sikh community. (Источник: FIH, 'Kenyan legend recalls glory days', 19 October 2017 (fih.hockey); sikhsinhockey.com)

## 7.72 Kenya's Big Days

Kenya once gave India its biggest defeat, and played a marathon in Rome.

### Тест 1: Kenya's big days

- It took eight extra periods before Britain scored. (Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Kenya Hockey Olympians Conference, 2021', by Dil Bahra (hockeymuseum.org))
- It was India's biggest defeat in 184 internationals. (Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Kenya Hockey Olympians Conference, 2021', by Dil Bahra (hockeymuseum.org))
- It was India's last gold for 16 years. (Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Kenya Hockey Olympians Conference, 2021', by Dil Bahra (hockeymuseum.org))
- Results like these made Kenya a side everyone respected. (Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Kenya Hockey Olympians Conference, 2021', by Dil Bahra (hockeymuseum.org))
- Instead it went into a play-off against Australia. (Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Kenya Hockey Olympians Conference, 2021', by Dil Bahra (hockeymuseum.org))
- The first was in Melbourne in 1956. (Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Kenya Hockey Olympians Conference, 2021', by Dil Bahra (hockeymuseum.org))
- It ran across time zones from Calgary to Australia. (Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Kenya Hockey Olympians Conference, 2021', by Dil Bahra (hockeymuseum.org))
- Early 1960, summer 1960, 1964, 1968. (Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Kenya Hockey Olympians Conference, 2021', by Dil Bahra (hockeymuseum.org))
- 07:00, 14:00, 16:00, 18:00, 23:00. (Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Kenya Hockey Olympians Conference, 2021', by Dil Bahra (hockeymuseum.org))
- A goal in the eighth extra period ended Kenya's run. (Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Kenya Hockey Olympians Conference, 2021', by Dil Bahra (hockeymuseum.org))

## 7.73 Sansarpur

A village of about 5,000 people near Jalandhar produced 14 Olympians from one street.

### Тест 1: Sansarpur

- All of them came from the same street. (Источник: The Bridge, 'Throwback: the Indian village that produced 14 Olympians'; The Tribune, 15 July 2005; Village Square, 'Punjab's hockey villages')
- One more, Bindi Kular, played for Canada. (Источник: The Bridge, 'Throwback: the Indian village that produced 14 Olympians'; The Tribune, 15 July 2005; Village Square, 'Punjab's hockey villages')
- It lies on the outskirts of Jalandhar. (Источник: The Bridge, 'Throwback: the Indian village that produced 14 Olympians'; The Tribune, 15 July 2005; Village Square, 'Punjab's hockey villages')
- Their balls were woven from cotton thread. (Источник: The Bridge, 'Throwback: the Indian village that produced 14 Olympians'; The Tribune, 15 July 2005; Village Square, 'Punjab's hockey villages')
- Five played for India and two for Kenya. (Источник: The Bridge, 'Throwback: the Indian village that produced 14 Olympians'; The Tribune, 15 July 2005; Village Square, 'Punjab's hockey villages')
- Soldiers at the nearby cantonment inspired the villagers. (Источник: The Bridge, 'Throwback: the Indian village that produced 14 Olympians'; The Tribune, 15 July 2005; Village Square, 'Punjab's hockey villages')
- He was the last of the village's 14 so far. (Источник: The Bridge, 'Throwback: the Indian village that produced 14 Olympians'; The Tribune, 15 July 2005; Village Square, 'Punjab's hockey villages')
- 1932, 1952, 1968, 2000. (Источник: The Bridge, 'Throwback: the Indian village that produced 14 Olympians'; The Tribune, 15 July 2005; Village Square, 'Punjab's hockey villages')
- Nine, four and one. (Источник: The Bridge, 'Throwback: the Indian village that produced 14 Olympians'; The Tribune, 15 July 2005; Village Square, 'Punjab's hockey villages')
- The village later had its own academy, with two proper pitches. (Источник: The Bridge, 'Throwback: the Indian village that produced 14 Olympians'; The Tribune, 15 July 2005; Village Square, 'Punjab's hockey villages')

## 7.74 The Trans-Tasman Debut

Australia and New Zealand played their first men's internationals on the same day, against each other.

### Тест 1: Australia and New Zealand, 1922

- Each country's first match was this one. (Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Centenary of Australia and New Zealand's first international matches' (hockeymuseum.org), with Geoff Watson and John Sanders)
- With no one else near to play, they played each other. (Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Centenary of Australia and New Zealand's first international matches' (hockeymuseum.org), with Geoff Watson and John Sanders)
- The Sportsground there is now Fitzherbert Park. (Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Centenary of Australia and New Zealand's first international matches' (hockeymuseum.org), with Geoff Watson and John Sanders)
- New Zealand had led 3-0 at half-time. (Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Centenary of Australia and New Zealand's first international matches' (hockeymuseum.org), with Geoff Watson and John Sanders)
- He held the top job from 1949 to 1957. (Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Centenary of Australia and New Zealand's first international matches' (hockeymuseum.org), with Geoff Watson and John Sanders)
- The report says New Zealand was 'somewhat fortunate' to win. (Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Centenary of Australia and New Zealand's first international matches' (hockeymuseum.org), with Geoff Watson and John Sanders)
- About 80 couples came to the dance at Zealandia Hall. (Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Centenary of Australia and New Zealand's first international matches' (hockeymuseum.org), with Geoff Watson and John Sanders)
- 4, 5, 80, about 1,500. (Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Centenary of Australia and New Zealand's first international matches' (hockeymuseum.org), with Geoff Watson and John Sanders)
- The Australians came back in the second half, but not quite far enough. (Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Centenary of Australia and New Zealand's first international matches' (hockeymuseum.org), with Geoff Watson and John Sanders)
- The hall was also hung with green-and-gold and green-and-black shields. (Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Centenary of Australia and New Zealand's first international matches' (hockeymuseum.org), with Geoff Watson and John Sanders)

## 7.75 The First Lioness

Argentina's women drew a lioness on their shirts in Sydney, and got a new name.

### Тест 1: The first lioness

- The team's goalkeeper insists on the credit going to her, against her modesty. (Источник: ESPN Deportes, 'El trazo que inventó un destino', 28 April 2026; Spanish Academy, 'History of Argentina's women's team'; FIH, 'Celebrating 20 years of Las Leonas'; El Gráfico; Perfil 442)
- It was drawn at the Games, out of a need to survive there. (Источник: ESPN Deportes, 'El trazo que inventó un destino', 28 April 2026; Spanish Academy, 'History of Argentina's women's team'; FIH, 'Celebrating 20 years of Las Leonas'; El Gráfico; Perfil 442)
- She knew them from her parents' books. (Источник: ESPN Deportes, 'El trazo que inventó un destino', 28 April 2026; Spanish Academy, 'History of Argentina's women's team'; FIH, 'Celebrating 20 years of Las Leonas'; El Gráfico; Perfil 442)
- They won the match, and with it a new belief. (Источник: ESPN Deportes, 'El trazo que inventó un destino', 28 April 2026; Spanish Academy, 'History of Argentina's women's team'; FIH, 'Celebrating 20 years of Las Leonas'; El Gráfico; Perfil 442)
- They lost the final to the host nation. (Источник: ESPN Deportes, 'El trazo que inventó un destino', 28 April 2026; Spanish Academy, 'History of Argentina's women's team'; FIH, 'Celebrating 20 years of Las Leonas'; El Gráfico; Perfil 442)
- The original was only a hand-drawn sketch. (Источник: ESPN Deportes, 'El trazo que inventó un destino', 28 April 2026; Spanish Academy, 'History of Argentina's women's team'; FIH, 'Celebrating 20 years of Las Leonas'; El Gráfico; Perfil 442)
- The name means the lioness cubs. (Источник: ESPN Deportes, 'El trazo que inventó un destino', 28 April 2026; Spanish Academy, 'History of Argentina's women's team'; FIH, 'Celebrating 20 years of Las Leonas'; El Gráfico; Perfil 442)
- 2000, 2006, 2020, 2026. (Источник: ESPN Deportes, 'El trazo que inventó un destino', 28 April 2026; Spanish Academy, 'History of Argentina's women's team'; FIH, 'Celebrating 20 years of Las Leonas'; El Gráfico; Perfil 442)
- 2000, 2004, 2012, 2020. (Источник: Olympedia, Olympic hockey medallists)
- A nickname was born with a sketch. (Источник: ESPN Deportes, 'El trazo que inventó un destino', 28 April 2026; Spanish Academy, 'History of Argentina's women's team'; FIH, 'Celebrating 20 years of Las Leonas'; El Gráfico; Perfil 442)

## 7.76 Chak De! India

A film about a disgraced former captain and a women's hockey team became a national event.

### Тест 1: Chak De! India

- He plays Kabir Khan, who has a score to settle with the past. (Источник: Apple TV listing, 'Chak De India'; Scroll, on Mir Ranjan Negi; Hindustan Times, August 2021; Yash Raj Films; Orissa Post, 'Looking at Hindi films based on hockey')
- It came out just before Independence Day. (Источник: Apple TV listing, 'Chak De India'; Scroll, on Mir Ranjan Negi; Hindustan Times, August 2021; Yash Raj Films; Orissa Post, 'Looking at Hindi films based on hockey')
- The script came from the writer Jaideep Sahni. (Источник: Apple TV listing, 'Chak De India'; Scroll, on Mir Ranjan Negi; Hindustan Times, August 2021; Yash Raj Films; Orissa Post, 'Looking at Hindi films based on hockey')
- He is a former India captain, blamed for a defeat by Pakistan. (Источник: Apple TV listing, 'Chak De India'; Scroll, on Mir Ranjan Negi; Hindustan Times, August 2021; Yash Raj Films; Orissa Post, 'Looking at Hindi films based on hockey')
- They come from all over India, and have to stop being states and become a team. (Источник: Apple TV listing, 'Chak De India'; Scroll, on Mir Ranjan Negi; Hindustan Times, August 2021; Yash Raj Films; Orissa Post, 'Looking at Hindi films based on hockey')
- He said the film was no documentary of his life. (Источник: Apple TV listing, 'Chak De India'; Scroll, on Mir Ranjan Negi; Hindustan Times, August 2021; Yash Raj Films; Orissa Post, 'Looking at Hindi films based on hockey')
- India wins it, in the way only cinema could allow. (Источник: Apple TV listing, 'Chak De India'; Scroll, on Mir Ranjan Negi; Hindustan Times, August 2021; Yash Raj Films; Orissa Post, 'Looking at Hindi films based on hockey')
- 1982, 2007, 2021. (Источник: Apple TV listing, 'Chak De India'; Scroll, on Mir Ranjan Negi; Hindustan Times, August 2021; Yash Raj Films; Orissa Post, 'Looking at Hindi films based on hockey')
- 2007, July 2018, August 2018. (Источник: Apple TV listing, 'Chak De India'; Scroll, on Mir Ranjan Negi; Hindustan Times, August 2021; Yash Raj Films; Orissa Post, 'Looking at Hindi films based on hockey')
- India's best-known sports film put women's hockey on the map. (Источник: Apple TV listing, 'Chak De India'; Scroll, on Mir Ranjan Negi; Hindustan Times, August 2021; Yash Raj Films; Orissa Post, 'Looking at Hindi films based on hockey')

## 7.77 Gold and Soorma

Two more hockey films, both from 2018: a team in 1948 and a hero with a bullet wound.

### Тест 1: Gold and Soorma

- Critics compared it, not always kindly, to Chak De! India. (Источник: The Quint and Film Companion reviews of 'Gold'; Arab News, 'Gold whips up India's patriotism through hockey'; The Quint, 'Soorma: Sandeep Singh's story'; Kuwait Times, 'Bollywood biopic celebrates shot Indian hockey hero')
- It is the story of India's first gold as a free nation. (Источник: The Quint and Film Companion reviews of 'Gold'; Arab News, 'Gold whips up India's patriotism through hockey'; The Quint, 'Soorma: Sandeep Singh's story'; Kuwait Times, 'Bollywood biopic celebrates shot Indian hockey hero')
- She also co-wrote it. (Источник: The Quint and Film Companion reviews of 'Gold'; Arab News, 'Gold whips up India's patriotism through hockey'; The Quint, 'Soorma: Sandeep Singh's story'; Kuwait Times, 'Bollywood biopic celebrates shot Indian hockey hero')
- Lal was India's captain in London in 1948. (Источник: The Quint and Film Companion reviews of 'Gold'; Arab News, 'Gold whips up India's patriotism through hockey'; The Quint, 'Soorma: Sandeep Singh's story'; Kuwait Times, 'Bollywood biopic celebrates shot Indian hockey hero')
- He was India's drag-flick specialist. (Источник: The Quint and Film Companion reviews of 'Gold'; Arab News, 'Gold whips up India's patriotism through hockey'; The Quint, 'Soorma: Sandeep Singh's story'; Kuwait Times, 'Bollywood biopic celebrates shot Indian hockey hero')
- He was paralysed for a time, and later returned to captain India. (Источник: The Quint and Film Companion reviews of 'Gold'; Arab News, 'Gold whips up India's patriotism through hockey'; The Quint, 'Soorma: Sandeep Singh's story'; Kuwait Times, 'Bollywood biopic celebrates shot Indian hockey hero')
- The Punjabi star had Sandeep's own advice on the field. (Источник: The Quint and Film Companion reviews of 'Gold'; Arab News, 'Gold whips up India's patriotism through hockey'; The Quint, 'Soorma: Sandeep Singh's story'; Kuwait Times, 'Bollywood biopic celebrates shot Indian hockey hero')
- 2006, 2009, 2018. (Источник: The Quint and Film Companion reviews of 'Gold'; Arab News, 'Gold whips up India's patriotism through hockey'; The Quint, 'Soorma: Sandeep Singh's story'; Kuwait Times, 'Bollywood biopic celebrates shot Indian hockey hero')
- 1948, 1982, 2006. (Источник: The Quint and Film Companion reviews of 'Gold'; Arab News, 'Gold whips up India's patriotism through hockey'; The Quint, 'Soorma: Sandeep Singh's story'; Kuwait Times, 'Bollywood biopic celebrates shot Indian hockey hero')
- His brother helped choreograph the film's hockey scenes. (Источник: The Quint and Film Companion reviews of 'Gold'; Arab News, 'Gold whips up India's patriotism through hockey'; The Quint, 'Soorma: Sandeep Singh's story'; Kuwait Times, 'Bollywood biopic celebrates shot Indian hockey hero')

## 7.78 Sikhs at the Games

A record of the Sikh players who have gone to the Olympics, for nine different countries.

### Тест 1: Sikh Olympians

- 157 men and 5 women, by that count. (Источник: sikhsinhockey.com (Sikhs in Hockey, compiled by Dil Bahra); The Hockey Museum, 'Sikh Hockey' (hockeymuseum.org); FIH)
- They include Kenya, Malaysia and Tanzania. (Источник: sikhsinhockey.com (Sikhs in Hockey, compiled by Dil Bahra); The Hockey Museum, 'Sikh Hockey' (hockeymuseum.org); FIH)
- One played for Kenya and the other for Canada. (Источник: sikhsinhockey.com (Sikhs in Hockey, compiled by Dil Bahra); The Hockey Museum, 'Sikh Hockey' (hockeymuseum.org); FIH)
- Amarjit, the keeper, and Harvinder, known as Gora. (Источник: sikhsinhockey.com (Sikhs in Hockey, compiled by Dil Bahra); The Hockey Museum, 'Sikh Hockey' (hockeymuseum.org); FIH)
- They are an old community in the Pacific islands. (Источник: sikhsinhockey.com (Sikhs in Hockey, compiled by Dil Bahra); The Hockey Museum, 'Sikh Hockey' (hockeymuseum.org); FIH)
- He coached at the Games in Melbourne. (Источник: sikhsinhockey.com (Sikhs in Hockey, compiled by Dil Bahra); The Hockey Museum, 'Sikh Hockey' (hockeymuseum.org); FIH)
- He has spent years documenting every player. (Источник: sikhsinhockey.com (Sikhs in Hockey, compiled by Dil Bahra); The Hockey Museum, 'Sikh Hockey' (hockeymuseum.org); FIH)
- 5, 9, 157. (Источник: sikhsinhockey.com (Sikhs in Hockey, compiled by Dil Bahra); The Hockey Museum, 'Sikh Hockey' (hockeymuseum.org); FIH)
- The 1920s, 1956, the early 1960s, 1968. (Источник: sikhsinhockey.com (Sikhs in Hockey, compiled by Dil Bahra); The Hockey Museum, 'Sikh Hockey' (hockeymuseum.org); FIH)
- It remains a rare position for an unusually rare group. (Источник: sikhsinhockey.com (Sikhs in Hockey, compiled by Dil Bahra); The Hockey Museum, 'Sikh Hockey' (hockeymuseum.org); FIH)

## 7.79 America's College Game

In the USA, field hockey was the first women's sport with an NCAA national title.

### Тест 1: College field hockey in America

- They were staged with cross country on 21-22 November. (Источник: University of Connecticut Athletics, 'UConn honors 1981 national champions'; Old Dominion University, 'Field Hockey at ODU'; NFHCA, 'A look at the history of women's field hockey'; University of Michigan Record; Team USA)
- They beat Massachusetts 4-1. (Источник: University of Connecticut Athletics, 'UConn honors 1981 national champions'; Old Dominion University, 'Field Hockey at ODU'; NFHCA, 'A look at the history of women's field hockey'; University of Michigan Record; Team USA)
- The NCAA soon took over 12 women's sports from another body. (Источник: University of Connecticut Athletics, 'UConn honors 1981 national champions'; Old Dominion University, 'Field Hockey at ODU'; NFHCA, 'A look at the history of women's field hockey'; University of Michigan Record; Team USA)
- The count is as of 2025, when another school took the title. (Источник: University of Connecticut Athletics, 'UConn honors 1981 national champions'; Old Dominion University, 'Field Hockey at ODU'; NFHCA, 'A look at the history of women's field hockey'; University of Michigan Record; Team USA)
- It has added six more since. (Источник: University of Connecticut Athletics, 'UConn honors 1981 national champions'; Old Dominion University, 'Field Hockey at ODU'; NFHCA, 'A look at the history of women's field hockey'; University of Michigan Record; Team USA)
- There was a year of dual championships before the changeover. (Источник: University of Connecticut Athletics, 'UConn honors 1981 national champions'; Old Dominion University, 'Field Hockey at ODU'; NFHCA, 'A look at the history of women's field hockey'; University of Michigan Record; Team USA)
- It came in 2001. (Источник: University of Connecticut Athletics, 'UConn honors 1981 national champions'; Old Dominion University, 'Field Hockey at ODU'; NFHCA, 'A look at the history of women's field hockey'; University of Michigan Record; Team USA)
- 1922, 1972, 1981, 1984. (Источник: University of Connecticut Athletics, 'UConn honors 1981 national champions'; Old Dominion University, 'Field Hockey at ODU'; NFHCA, 'A look at the history of women's field hockey'; University of Michigan Record; Team USA)
- 1981, 2000, 2001, 2025. (Источник: University of Connecticut Athletics, 'UConn honors 1981 national champions'; Old Dominion University, 'Field Hockey at ODU'; NFHCA, 'A look at the history of women's field hockey'; University of Michigan Record; Team USA)
- Two sports opened the NCAA's women's era together. (Источник: University of Connecticut Athletics, 'UConn honors 1981 national champions'; Old Dominion University, 'Field Hockey at ODU'; NFHCA, 'A look at the history of women's field hockey'; University of Michigan Record; Team USA)

## 7.80 The National Game?

Is hockey the national game of India? And what about Pakistan? The answers surprise people.

### Тест 1: The national game?

- Replies to official requests have said this many times. (Источник: Dawn, 'Pakistan hockey: rise and demise'; Olympics.com, 'India's national game'; Culture Trip, 'Why India doesn't have a national sport'; Herald Goa, 'Ambiguity over National Games')
- The answer surprised many people, including schoolchildren who had been taught otherwise. (Источник: Dawn, 'Pakistan hockey: rise and demise'; Olympics.com, 'India's national game'; Culture Trip, 'Why India doesn't have a national sport'; Herald Goa, 'Ambiguity over National Games')
- Its record of Olympic and world titles is a big part of why. (Источник: Dawn, 'Pakistan hockey: rise and demise'; Olympics.com, 'India's national game'; Culture Trip, 'Why India doesn't have a national sport'; Herald Goa, 'Ambiguity over National Games')
- A year after the country was founded. Other dates are also given. (Источник: Dawn, 'Pakistan hockey: rise and demise'; Olympics.com, 'India's national game'; Culture Trip, 'Why India doesn't have a national sport'; Herald Goa, 'Ambiguity over National Games')
- Six in a row from 1928 to 1956 made the idea stick. (Источник: Dawn, 'Pakistan hockey: rise and demise'; Olympics.com, 'India's national game'; Culture Trip, 'Why India doesn't have a national sport'; Herald Goa, 'Ambiguity over National Games')
- Dawn writes of the rise and fall of the official national sport. (Источник: Dawn, 'Pakistan hockey: rise and demise'; Olympics.com, 'India's national game'; Culture Trip, 'Why India doesn't have a national sport'; Herald Goa, 'Ambiguity over National Games')
- A long run of titles was followed by decades of struggle. (Источник: Dawn, 'Pakistan hockey: rise and demise'; Olympics.com, 'India's national game'; Culture Trip, 'Why India doesn't have a national sport'; Herald Goa, 'Ambiguity over National Games')
- 1947, 1960, 1994. (Источник: Dawn, 'Pakistan hockey: rise and demise'; Olympics.com, 'India's national game'; Culture Trip, 'Why India doesn't have a national sport'; Herald Goa, 'Ambiguity over National Games')
- 1928, 1948, 2021. (Источник: Dawn, 'Pakistan hockey: rise and demise'; Olympics.com, 'India's national game'; Culture Trip, 'Why India doesn't have a national sport'; Herald Goa, 'Ambiguity over National Games')
- It is one of the most repeated facts in Indian quizzes, and it's wrong. (Источник: Dawn, 'Pakistan hockey: rise and demise'; Olympics.com, 'India's national game'; Culture Trip, 'Why India doesn't have a national sport'; Herald Goa, 'Ambiguity over National Games')

Источники: Primary/official sources only, no Wikipedia citations: the FIH and its continental federations, national associations, The Hockey Museum, the Olympic Channel and Olympedia, Guinness World Records, clubs' and makers' own histories, museums and named reputable media.

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