# Площадка, мяч и экипировка · Волейбол, Уровень 1: Начальный

Волейбол · Уровень 1: Начальный · Insporta Book (https://book.insporta.app/ru/volleyball/level-1/court-ball-and-gear/)

Площадка, мяч и экипировка: 100 фактов, 10 тестов.

The court's lines and zones, the net and antennae, the ball and what it is made of, shoes, kit, knee pads, practice equipment, indoor and beach balls, and looking after a ball.

## Тест 1: Названия зон площадки

- The centre line lies under the net and divides the court into the two teams' halves. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- The attack line is 3 metres from the centre line, marking off the front zone. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- The back zone runs from the attack line to the end line; the back-row players defend it. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- The serve is made from the service zone behind the end line. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Players may run into the free zone to play a ball, so it must be clear of obstacles. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Two side lines mark the length of the court, two end lines its width. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Substitutions take place in front of the scorer's table, between the extended attack lines. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- From the net: centre line, attack line 3 m away, end line 9 m away. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Near the net is attacking ground; the back is for defence; the serve comes from outside the court. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- The front zone is the strip between the net and the attack line. (Источник: General volleyball reference)

## Тест 2: The net and antennae

- The men's net is 2.43 m high; the women's is 2.24 m. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- The two antennae stand above the net at its ends, striped red and white. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- The ball has to cross the net between the antennae. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- The net is a black mesh of 10 cm squares with white bands along the top and bottom. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- The posts stand outside the court so that players do not run into them on court. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- A cable through the top band is tightened to the posts so the net stays taut. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- The net is about 10 m long, a little wider than the 9 m court. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- The mesh hangs between the bottom and top bands; the antennae rise 80 cm above the net. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Posts first, then the net, then the antennae, and last the height check. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Posts are padded so that players chasing a ball are not hurt if they collide with them. (Источник: General volleyball reference)

## Тест 3: Мяч

- A volleyball is round, 65-67 cm round, clearly smaller than a basketball. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- A match ball weighs between 260 and 280 g. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Coloured panels make a fast ball easier for players, officials and viewers to track. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- An inner bladder holds the air; the cover goes around it. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- A ball without enough air is flat: it feels soft and dead off the arms. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Too much pressure makes the ball hard and fast, which hurts and is hard to control. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- The ball is struck, not dribbled, so a light ball is kinder to the arms and hands. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- A tennis ball is smallest, a volleyball in the middle, a basketball largest. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- About 270 g for a volleyball, about 430 g for a football, about 600 g for a basketball. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- A pressure gauge in the valve shows whether the ball is pumped to the right level. (Источник: General volleyball reference)

## Тест 4: Ball materials and panels

- Top balls use a synthetic leather cover, soft to the touch and hard-wearing. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- A textured surface gives the hands more grip and helps the ball fly more steadily. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Beach balls are usually stitched, which stands up well to sand and water. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Water and grit damage an indoor cover and make the ball heavy and slippery. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Panels shaped and joined around the bladder keep the ball round and give it grip. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Padded covers soften the contact, so beginners can practise without sore arms. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Rubber balls stand up to wet grass, concrete and rain better than match balls. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- The air sits in the bladder, wrapped in a fabric layer under the outer panels. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Beginner balls are softest, beach balls a little firmer, indoor match balls firmest. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- The valve is the small hole in one panel where the needle of the pump goes in. (Источник: General volleyball reference)

## Тест 5: Shoes

- Indoor court shoes have gum-rubber soles that grip the floor for quick stops and jumps. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Running shoes are built for moving forward and give less support for quick sideways moves. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- A firmly laced shoe holds the foot steady through jumps, landings and sudden stops. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Grit and rough ground wear the soft soles and carry dirt that makes them slip indoors. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- A higher shoe gives the ankle a little more support when landing near other feet. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Wiping the soles restores grip that dust and sweat on the floor have taken away. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- The squeak is the rubber gripping and sliding a little on the smooth floor. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Court shoes grip best, running shoes less, smooth leather soles hardly at all. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Get the right fit, break the shoes in at practice, then trust them in a match. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Landing on the balls of the feet and bending the knees softens the landing. (Источник: General volleyball reference)

## Тест 6: Игровая форма

- Each player wears the team shirt with a number on the front and back. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Numbers let the referees and scorer follow who serves, rotates and substitutes. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- The libero's contrasting shirt lets officials follow the libero's special role at a glance. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Matching kit lets everyone see at once which team a player belongs to. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Light shorts leave the legs free for jumping and diving. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Light, close-fitting fabric moves with the body and lets sweat dry. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Rings, chains and similar items can injure the wearer or others, so they come off. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- A base layer, the shirt, and a top that comes off before the match. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Head, upper body, shorts, knees and feet. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- The captain's shirt has a stripe under the number on the chest. (Источник: General volleyball reference)

## Тест 7: Knee pads and protection

- Players drop to the floor often to play low balls, and pads cushion the knees. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Defenders and the libero dig and dive the most. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Taping two fingers together or wrapping one supports a jammed finger. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- A brace steadies an ankle that has been sprained, or helps prevent a sprain. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- A loose pad slips down and leaves the knee bare at the moment it hits the floor. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Arm sleeves help against floor burns and soften the sting of hard passes. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- A proper warm-up prepares the muscles and joints for jumps, dives and quick moves. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Stop, cool it down, have it examined, and come back only when it is healed. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Socks go on first, then the knee pads, then the shoes. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Landing on another player's foot under the net is the most common way to sprain an ankle. (Источник: General volleyball reference)

## Тест 8: Тренировочный инвентарь

- A cart keeps dozens of balls close at hand, so drills run without stopping. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- A sprung rebounder bounces the ball back, so a player can practise passing alone. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Targets turn serving into aiming at chosen areas of the court. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- With the ball held still at hitting height, a player can repeat the attacking swing. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- A target the size of a hoop makes the setter put the ball in one exact place. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- A whistle starts and ends drills and calls the group together. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Video lets players see their own technique and the coach point out details. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- The net and targets first, balls ready, then the serving begins. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- From the simplest control to the full skill with a real set. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- From a box a coach can hit balls down over the net, as a real attack would come. (Источник: General volleyball reference)

## Тест 9: Indoor and beach balls

- A beach ball is a little larger, 66-68 cm round against 65-67 cm indoors. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- A softer ball is slower and easier to handle in the wind and sun of the beach. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Outdoor balls must stay light and grippy when wet. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Both kinds weigh between about 260 and 280 g. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Bright colours are easier to see outdoors against the sand and the sky. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Snow volleyball uses a water-resistant outdoor ball, as the beach game does. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Higher pressure and a slightly smaller size make the indoor ball quicker. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Soft balls for beginners, a softer ball on the beach, the firmest indoors. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Check, pump to the right level, then try the ball. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- The beach ball is pumped softer, so it gives more under the same press. (Источник: General volleyball reference)

## Тест 10: Уход за мячом

- A drop of water or glycerine lets the needle slide in without tearing the valve. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- A ball that will not hold air has a damaged valve or bladder. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Weight or kicks can bend the panels and spoil the ball's round shape. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- A damp cloth removes dirt without soaking the cover; then it is dried at room temperature. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Every ball leaks a little, so a quick check keeps it at the right pressure. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Too much pressure strains the seams and the bladder. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Saving the best balls for matches keeps them consistent for the games that count. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Wet the needle, insert it carefully, pump gradually and finish with a gauge check. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Gather, wipe, pack and store the balls in a cool, dry place. (Источник: General volleyball reference)
- Heat changes the pressure and dries out the cover; balls should be stored cool and dry. (Источник: General volleyball reference)

Источники: General volleyball references, FIVB (beach, snow), World ParaVolley (sitting), FIVB Coaches Manual; original questions authored, nothing reproduced. Numbered FIVB rules belong to the Rules category.

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