# Rotations and Line-ups · Волейбол, Уровень 3: Ниже среднего

Волейбол · Уровень 3: Ниже среднего · Insporta Book (https://book.insporta.app/ru/volleyball/level-3/rotations-and-line-ups/)

Rotations and Line-ups: 100 фактов, 10 тестов.

How rotation works, positional order at the serve, the serving order, starting rotations, hiding players in receive, the setter's path and switching, weak rotations, the libero, substitutions and match-ups.

## Тест 1: How rotation works

- Rotating clockwise moves the front-right player, position 2, into position 1. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- With six players, the team passes through six rotations. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- A team rotates only when it wins the serve back from the opponents. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Clockwise, position 1 moves to position 6. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Clockwise, the front-left player moves to the front middle. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- As the team rotates, every regular player passes through the serving position. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Rotation moves everyone round the court, which teams undo with switches after the serve. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Clockwise: 2, 1, 6, 5, then 4 and 3. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Winning the serve back means rotating, then serving. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- B is in position 2, the front right, which moves to position 1 next. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)

## Тест 2: Positions at the serve

- Each front-row player must be closer to the centre line than the back-row player behind. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Position 1 is the back-row partner of position 2. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Front row from left to right is 4, 3, 2. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- After the service hit, players may move anywhere on their court. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- A positional fault gives the point, and the serve, to the opponents. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- The server is behind the end line and outside the positional rules. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Positions are judged by the feet in contact with the floor. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Back right 1, back middle 6, back left 5. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Positions count until the serve is struck. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- D, in position 6, stands closer to the net than C in position 3 in front of her. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)

## Тест 3: The serving order

- The first server is the player written in position 1 on the line-up sheet. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- The rotation order on the line-up sheet holds for the whole set. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Serving out of order is a rotational fault: point and serve to the opponents. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- The team returns to its correct order, and points scored during the fault are cancelled. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- The toss winner chooses to serve or receive, or which side to play. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- A new toss is held before the deciding set. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- The first serve alternates from set to set. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Sheets, positions, the check, then the serve. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- The first serve alternates each set. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- She checks that the players stand as written on the line-up sheet. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)

## Тест 4: Starting rotations

- Coaches often number rotations by the setter's position. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- With the setter in the back row, all three front-row players can attack. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- She is in the front row for three rotations and the back row for three. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Where the setter is decides how many hitters and which plays are available. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- In the front row, the setter fills a spot that would hold an attacker. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- The starting places decide which players meet across the net. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Three places from the setter in position 1 is position 4. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Clockwise from position 1. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Scout, plan the match-up, write it down. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Count the three players at the net: none of them is the setter. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)

## Тест 5: Hiding players in serve receive

- A setter who passes cannot also set, so teams keep her out of the passing. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Players may bunch up as long as the front/back and left/right order holds. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Middles usually pass less well, so the libero and outsides take the serves. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Stacking moves non-passers out of the way, close to the net or a side line. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Hiding leaves the passing to the team's best passers. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Hiding is allowed only within the overlap rules. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- A short serve can force a hidden player to pass after all. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Plan, hide, check and pass. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Setters are hidden most; liberos almost never. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Players bunched near the net are hidden so the passers can take the serve. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)

## Тест 6: The setter's path and switching

- Position 5 is the back left, the farthest point from the target on the right. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- In the front row, she can wait right next to the target. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- The target is near the right side of the net, in front of position 2. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Starting at the left, she moves to the right side to set. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Players have only the flight of the serve to reach their spots. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Hitters move to their favourite attacking side once the ball is served. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Practised switches mean everyone knows where to go. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Positions count until the serve; then players switch. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Front right is closest; back left farthest. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Switching after the serve puts each hitter on her favourite side. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)

## Тест 7: Strong and weak rotations

- Some rotations put weaker passers or fewer hitters on court together. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Points won and lost in each rotation show where the team struggles. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Winning one rally on the opponents' serve rotates the team out of it. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- With the setter in the front row, only two front-row hitters attack. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- A strong start puts pressure on the opponents. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- A specialist can come on for the weak rotation and go off after. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- A team stuck in a weak rotation can lose several points running. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Measure, find, plan and test. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- A time-out, a side-out and the team moves on. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- A time-out can break the run in a weak rotation. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)

## Тест 8: The libero and the rotation

- Both middles hand their back-row turns to her. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- The libero may not play in the front row, so the middle comes back first. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Under the FIVB rules the libero does not serve, so the middle serves in position 1. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Like substitutions, replacements are made when the ball is dead. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Outside hitters can pass; middles are usually weaker in the back row. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Some coaches use one libero in serve receive and the other in defence. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- The assistant scorer keeps track of libero replacements. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Serve, swap with the libero, return for the front row. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Liberos always; outsides half the time; middles least, replaced by the libero. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- The libero swaps with a middle at the side of the court between rallies. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)

## Тест 9: Substitutions and the rotation

- Each team has six substitutions per set. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- A substitute takes the place, and the rotation spot, of the player who leaves. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- A starter may leave once and return once per set. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Substitute and starter are linked for the set. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- When the setter reaches the front row, two subs replace setter and opposite. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- After the swap, the setter is at the back and the net has its hitters. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Substitutions happen when the ball is out of play. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Off once, back once, and then they are done. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Two substitutions keep a back-row setter and three hitters in front. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- A double switch is two substitutions made together. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)

## Тест 10: Match-ups

- Match-ups are the pairings of players across the net. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- A strong blocker can take away the opponents' best weapon. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- A different starting rotation changes the pairings across the net. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- The setter's place shapes which hitters are where. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Each rotation moves players, so the pairings change. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- In a set to 15, the first servers get the most chances. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- A team that repeats its start can be planned for. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Observe, plan, choose and hand in. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Review and rewrite between sets. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)
- Putting the best blocker against the best hitter is a planned match-up. (Источник: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references)

Источники: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II) and general coaching references; original questions authored, nothing reproduced. Numbered FIVB rules belong to the Rules category.

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