# The Ground, Ball and Kit · Rugby Level 1: Beginner

Rugby · Level 1: Beginner · Insporta Book (https://book.insporta.app/rugby/level-1/the-ground-ball-and-kit/)

The oval ball, the posts, the lines and in-goal, and what players wear: boots, shirts and numbers, shorts and socks, mouthguards, scrum caps and padding.

## Test 1: The oval ball

- The oval shape makes the bounce hard to predict. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- An oval ball can jump sideways or back. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Adults use size 5; children use smaller balls. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Smaller balls suit smaller hands. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Early balls were leather cases around an inflated pig's bladder. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- The grip pattern helps catching and passing. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Classic balls are made of four panels. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Minis use 3, older children 4, adults 5. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Leather and bladder first, rubber next, synthetic today. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- A spin pass makes the oval ball spiral through the air. (Source: General rugby union reference)

## Test 2: The posts

- Two uprights and a crossbar make an H. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- The posts stand on the goal line, centred. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Post protectors are a safety measure. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Kicks at goal go between the uprights. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- A ball above the top of the posts is judged by where it passes. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Grounding against the post pad scores a try. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- One assistant referee stands under each upright. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Pads at the base, the bar higher, the uprights above. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- A conversion in front is the closest; halfway is the furthest. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Raised flags mean the kick at goal succeeded. (Source: General rugby union reference)

## Test 3: The lines of the field

- Touchlines run the length of the field. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Kick-offs are taken from the middle of halfway. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- The goal line is often called the try line. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Its name gives the distance. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Dashed 5 m, 10 m and 15 m lines guide restarts. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Flag posts mark the corners. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Touch is the area beyond the touchlines. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Lines from the goal line to halfway. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Halfway lies 50 m out on a 100 m field. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- It lies 22 m out from the goal line. (Source: General rugby union reference)

## Test 4: The in-goal area

- Beyond it the ball is dead. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- They continue the touchlines behind the goal line. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- A defender's grounding makes the ball dead. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Touch down is the defenders' grounding. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- The depth varies within limits set in the Laws. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- The ball is dead once it crosses the dead-ball line. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Kicking from straight in front is the easiest angle. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Nothing counts once the ball is beyond the very back of the ground. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Running round makes the kick easier. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- The defender makes the ball dead in their own in-goal. (Source: General rugby union reference)

## Test 5: Boots and studs

- Studs stop players slipping in scrums and on wet grass. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Long studs help forwards drive and stay on their feet. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Lighter boots suit running and side-stepping. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Screw-in studs can be swapped for the ground conditions. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Longer studs dig into soft ground. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Sharp or damaged studs can cut other players. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Kickers want a firm contact surface. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Softer ground needs longer studs. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- A stud key tightens each stud. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Damaged studs must be changed before playing. (Source: General rugby union reference)

## Test 6: The jersey and its numbers

- The front row is 1, 2 and 3; the hooker is in the middle. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- The fly-half is often just called 'the ten'. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- The full-back wears the last starting number. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- The scrum-half is called 'the nine'. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Eight replacements wear 16-23 in elite matches. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Tight shirts give tacklers less to hold. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- The away team often wears a change kit. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- 1, 2, 9, 10 and 15. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- 1-3, 4-5, 6-8, then 9-15. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Number 10 is the fly-half. (Source: General rugby union reference)

## Test 7: Shorts and socks

- Shorts and socks complete the playing kit. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Shorts must survive rough contact. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Shin guards sit under the socks. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Tape holds socks and shin guards in place. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Base layers are thin, tight garments. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Socks carry the team colours or bands. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Lifters hold the jumper's thighs or shorts. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Guards under socks, tape over them, boots last. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Collar at the top, boots at the bottom. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Tape gives the lifters something firm to grip. (Source: General rugby union reference)

## Test 8: The mouthguard

- Mouthguards protect teeth and jaws. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Gum shield and mouthguard mean the same thing. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Custom-fitted guards stay in place. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Heat softens it so the teeth can shape it. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- It cushions blows to the jaw. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Contact work needs the guard in. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- A clean case keeps it hygienic. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Soften, bite, then set it. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Out, rinse, store. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Teeth need protecting in any contact. (Source: General rugby union reference)

## Test 9: The scrum cap

- The scrum cap is soft, unlike a helmet. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- It stops ears being rubbed and torn in scrums. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Repeated rubbing makes the ear swell and harden. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Forwards' heads are in the scrum. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Headgear protects ears and cuts, not the brain. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Hard items are not allowed for safety. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Tape round the head also protects the ears. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Over the head, ears in place, strap fastened. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Forwards in the tight contests wear them most. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Ears get rubbed in the scrum. (Source: General rugby union reference)

## Test 10: Padding and protective kit

- Only thin, soft, approved pads are allowed. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Rugby protects the opponent as well as the wearer. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Grip mitts help catching and passing. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Approved kit carries World Rugby's mark. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Supports and strapping protect weak joints. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Jewellery is dangerous in contact. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- GPS vests sit between the shoulder blades. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Feet, body, hands and face. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Soft headgear, a firmer guard, a hard stud. (Source: General rugby union reference)
- Jewellery is removed so nobody is hurt. (Source: General rugby union reference)

Sources: World Rugby handbooks and coaching material, union and competition records; original questions authored, nothing reproduced. Numbered Laws belong to the Laws category.

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