# Passing and Receiving · Volleyball Level 2: Elementary

Volleyball · Level 2: Elementary · Insporta Book (https://book.insporta.app/volleyball/level-2/passing-and-receiving/)

Passing and Receiving in Volleyball (Level 2: Elementary) on Insporta: 100 sourced facts behind 10 tests. Covers: reading the server; and more.

Reading the server, the platform angle, passing to target, float and hard serves, overhead receiving, passing on the move, free and down balls, communication and passing drills.

## Test 1: Reading the server

- A high, forward toss means a jump serve; a low one in front means a float. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- A serve from the corner comes at a different angle from one in the middle. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- The line of the shoulders and the swing point toward where the serve will go. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Moving early leaves time to stop and set the platform. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- A balanced, ready body can push off in any direction once the serve is read. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Reading is judging where the ball will go from the first clues. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- A jump serve comes faster and deeper, so receivers usually drop back a step. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Toss, swing, path, then movement and the platform. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- The faster the serve, the less time to read and move. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- A high, forward toss and a run-up mean a jump serve. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)

## Test 2: The platform angle

- The ball rebounds off the platform at an angle, like a ball off a wall. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Lowering the body keeps the arms in the same position relative to the target. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- A platform facing the ceiling sends the ball up and over the passer's head. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- A downward platform drives the ball low, often into the net. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Joining the arms at the last moment leaves an uneven, moving surface. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Bringing the shoulders forward squeezes the forearms into a flat platform. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Thumbs down rolls the forearms so their flat sides face the ball. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Read, move, angle and let the ball come off the platform. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- The more the platform faces up, the higher the ball goes. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- The ball rebounds the way the platform faces, here to her left. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)

## Test 3: Passing to target

- The setter takes the second ball, so the pass goes to the setter's spot. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- A pass right on the net leaves the setter cramped and lets blockers reach it. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- A pass with some height lets the setter arrive and set from under the ball. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- A 3 is a perfect pass that leaves the setter every option. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- A 0 means the rally is lost on the pass, by an ace or an unplayable ball. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- A soft arc slows the ball down so the setter can get under it. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- A visible target turns passing into aiming. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- From an ace or lost ball up to a perfect pass. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- A perfect pass lets the team run its fastest attack. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- The target is near the net, a little to the right of centre, where the setter waits. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)

## Test 4: Passing a float serve

- Late movement catches passers who arrive just in time. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Staying light lets the passer make small last-moment steps. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- In front of the body the platform is easiest to aim. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Most of the float's movement happens late in its flight. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Weight forward means the first step toward a dropping ball is quick. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Reaching leaves the platform at a bad angle, so the ball sprays off. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Arriving early leaves time to react to late movement. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Early reading and movement, then small late adjustments. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- A spinning serve follows a steady curve; a float moves unpredictably. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Early arrival and light feet allow the late adjustment the float needs. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)

## Test 5: Passing a hard serve

- Giving slightly with the platform absorbs pace so the pass stays on the court. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Meeting it in front keeps the platform in control. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Against a fast serve, a still platform aimed at the target does the work. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Powerful serves miss long often, so a quick call saves a team-mate touching an out ball. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Teams hide the setter and middles and let their best passers receive. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Turning away twists the platform and sends the ball off target. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Deep, fast serves are hard to play when moving backward. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Read early, set the feet, keep the platform still and soften the contact. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Jump topspin serves are fastest, standing floats slowest. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- A serving machine sends identical balls, so receivers get many repetitions. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)

## Test 6: Overhead receiving

- Some receivers take high float serves with an overhead pass instead of the forearms. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- With the fingers, the ball must rebound cleanly; a held ball is a catch. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- A float arriving high is easier to play with the hands than to drop under. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Hands struggle to play a very fast ball cleanly. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- The same window shape as a set, above the forehead. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Fingers control the ball finely, so the pass often lands right on target. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- The forearm pass copes with fast and low serves that the hands cannot. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Read, get under, hands up and send it to the setter. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- The slower and higher the serve, the better it suits the hands. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- High floats are the serves that are often received overhead. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)

## Test 7: Passing on the move

- When there is no time to stop, the passer plays the ball on the move. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- A platform held beside the body, tilted to the target, can still send it up. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- From the side, small errors in angle send the ball well off target. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Arms swing naturally when running; the platform is formed at the end. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Hips toward the target line up the platform with it. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- After passing short, a hitter backs off to have room for an approach. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Most serves and attacks make the passer move, so practice should too. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Read, move freely, form the platform late and aim it. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- The further the passer has to move, the harder the pass. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Wherever the passer has to go, the pass still goes to the setter's target. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)

## Test 8: Free balls and down balls

- A free ball is a chance to pass perfectly to the setter. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- With an easy ball there is time to use the more precise overhead pass. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- A down ball is attacked from a standing position, so it comes faster. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- The setter needs to be at the target before the pass arrives. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- When no attack is possible, a safe free ball keeps the rally going. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- An easy ball means a perfect pass and every attack option. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- A down ball is not blocked, so the team defends a bit deeper. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Free balls are easy, down balls harder, spikes hardest. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Make room, get the setter ready, pass, attack. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Backing off the net gives the hitters room for their run-up. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)

## Test 9: Communication in receive

- The passer's eyes are on the ball, not the lines, so team-mates help judge. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Clear seam rules stop two players going for the same ball, or neither. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Teams give their best passer the biggest share of the serves. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- An 'out' call tells team-mates to leave the ball. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Agreeing in advance means nobody has to think during the rally. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- When the setter cannot reach the second ball, 'help' asks someone else to set. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Without calls, receivers collide or leave the ball between them. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Plan, call, pass and keep talking. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- The play is set before the serve; the call comes as the ball flies. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- The player who calls takes the ball; the other gets out of the way. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)

## Test 10: Passing drills

- Players serve, pass and rotate to the next line in a figure-of-eight pattern. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- A number for every pass shows how well each passer is doing. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Only real serves have the speed and movement passers meet in matches. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- An easy throw lets players focus on the platform before facing serves. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- A streak target adds pressure, like a close set. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Many good repetitions with full attention beat long, tired drills. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- A real setter shows whether the pass can be turned into an attack. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- From controlled tosses to real serves and finally game play. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Serve, move, pass and follow the ball. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)
- Wall passing builds a steady platform and ball control without a partner. (Source: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references)

Sources: FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II) and general coaching references; original questions authored, nothing reproduced. Numbered FIVB rules belong to the Rules category.

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