# 空中球与三维技术 · 曲棍球, 等级5：中高级

曲棍球 · 等级5：中高级 · Insporta Book (https://book.insporta.app/zh/field-hockey/level-5/aerial-and-3d-skills/)

空中球与三维技术: 100条事实, 10项测试.

挑起球与空中传球、接下落的球与第一接球人的权利、高球击球与危险、空中带球、在三维空间中过人以及肩部以上击球。

## 测试 1: 挑球

- A free hit may be lifted at once with a push, flick or scoop, whereas a hit may not be raised on purpose in open play. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则13.2e)
- A hit that is lifted on purpose can be dangerous, so the Rules allow it only when the aim is a shot at goal. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.9)
- The Rules judge intent. A ball that rises by accident is only penalised if it becomes dangerous. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.9)
- A short, quick action lifts the ball without a big swing, so the height stays under control. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，挑球)
- 把球略微挑起，越过平放的球棍传球。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，技术计划)
- 小幅挑球即可越过球棍，且仍便于控制。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，挑球)
- Flipping the ball up and catching it trains the soft touch needed to handle a lifted ball on the stick. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，技术计划)
- The ball is pushed ahead, the face gets under it, a quick right-hand lift raises it over the stick and the player collects it beyond. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，挑球)
- 先刚好越过，再挑得更高，然后越过头顶。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- A scoop that raises the ball only just over a flat stick is a lift: a small, controlled raise. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，挑球)

## 测试 2: 空中传球

- An overhead lofts the ball above opponents' heads, so they cannot intercept it along the ground. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，术语表)
- Any pass in which the ball leaves the ground counts as an aerial, whether a flick, scoop or overhead lob. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，术语表)
- A flick is quick and lifts the ball steeply, which makes it the usual way to send an aerial. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，拨球／过顶球)
- 空中球可以破解非常紧密的逼抢。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，压迫下的后场出球)
- 球落在人群中间可能很危险。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.8)
- 高球接球在最早的阶段就要练习。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，第2阶段)
- 传到队友能先接到球的空当。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- The passer picks a landing space, flicks the ball high, a team-mate moves under it and controls it as it lands. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，拨球／过顶球)
- 空中球能一次越过整条防线。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，压迫下的后场出球)
- A pass lifted over two defenders to a team-mate is an aerial, which beats them without a tackle. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，术语表)

## 测试 3: 接下落的球

- The 5-metre gap gives the receiver time to control a falling ball safely, until they have touched it. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.10)
- Once the receiver has touched the ball, the 5-metre restriction ends and the opponent may challenge. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.10)
- 如果安全，可以在5米以内但在能触球的距离之外拦截。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.10)
- 两名队员追逐一个下落的球是危险的。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.10)
- 把球缓冲下来加以控制。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，技术计划)
- 盯住球，直到它碰到球棍。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，技术计划)
- 接球队员一触到球就立即上前逼抢。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.10)
- The receiver calls for the ball, gets under it, cushions it down with soft hands and then plays on. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.10)
- The defender holds back at 5 metres, waits for the receiver's touch and only then closes down to tackle. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.10)
- 在接球队员触到球之前，对手必须离开5米以外。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.10)

## 测试 4: 第一接球人

- The player who is first to stand ready for a lifted ball has the right to it, so others must not crowd them. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.10)
- When it is unclear who is the first receiver, doubt goes against the lifter, who must allow the opponent to receive. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.10)
- A 50-50 drop goes against the lifter, so a pass to a contested spot gives the ball away. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.10)
- 最先跑到球下方就确立了优先权。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 靠近到5米以内是犯规。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.10)
- In an even contest the doubt goes against the lifting team, so the opponent receives. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.10)
- 清晰的目标空当能避免五五开的争抢。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 有疑问时对挑球者不利。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.10)
- Free space near a team-mate gives them time to receive. A spot between two players is contested, and one on top of an opponent gives the ball away. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.10)
- The light team lifted the ball, so in an even race Light 7 must let dark 5 receive. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.10)

## 测试 5: 高球击球与射门

- 除射门外，不允许故意用击球把球击起。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.9)
- 必须明确判断击起的球是否是故意击起的。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.9)
- 只要不危险，把球挑过地面上对手的球棍或身体是允许的。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.9)
- 只要不危险，拨球和挑球可以挑到任何高度。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则13.3m)
- 不超过460毫米，即后挡板的高度。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则13.3l)
- A hard ball in the air is difficult to avoid and can injure, which is why the Rules cap it. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.8)
- 当球迫使对手做出合理的躲避动作时，该球就是危险球。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.8)
- 射门可以升高；角球的击球有高度上限；传球不得故意挑起。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.9)
- The umpire asks first whether it was a hit, then whether it was raised on purpose, and only then whether it was dangerous. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.9)
- A hit raised on purpose is permitted when it is a shot at goal, even from inside the circle. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.9)

## 测试 6: 空中的危险

- 犯规被视为发生在危险产生的地点。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.8)
- 对手做出躲避动作是规则判定危险的标准。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.8)
- 队员可以在任何高度停球、接球和折射，包括肩部以上。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.7)
- A stick swung wildly near other players is a danger, so it must be controlled when playing a high ball. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.2)
- 落在人群中的球是一种风险。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.8)
- 防守队员明显冲向射门而不试图处理球，将受到处罚。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则13.3m)
- Face masks protect defenders' faces from the high, hard balls of penalty corners. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则4.2)
- 球下的人越多，危险越大。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.8)
- The player sees the ball early, makes sure there is space around, keeps the stick controlled and then cushions the ball down. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.7)
- Players ducking away from a lifted ball is the evasive action that the Rules treat as proof the ball is dangerous. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.8)

## 测试 7: 空中带球

- The ball is kept in the air on the stick while the player moves, which lets them carry it over flat sticks. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，第2阶段)
- Aerial dribbling is an extra skill of the oldest youth phase, added once the basic ground dribbling is secure. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，第2阶段)
- Carrying the ball in the air is allowed, but like any raised ball it must not endanger an opponent. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.8)
- 5米规定针对的是接下落的球，而不是已经控制住球的队员。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.10)
- 颠球能让球一直保持在平放的球棍之上。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Flipping and catching builds the touch needed to keep a ball bouncing on the stick. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，技术计划)
- 近距离控球能保证安全。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- The ball is flipped up and caught first, then bounced while walking and finally while running, building up speed. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，技术计划)
- Moving the ball along the ground is easiest, flipping and catching comes next, and carrying it in the air at speed is hardest. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，技术计划)
- Bouncing the ball on the stick while running is aerial dribbling, a way to carry the ball over flat sticks. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，第2阶段)

## 测试 8: 在三维空间中过人

- 挑球为比赛增加了第三个维度。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- The jab lift uses a short jabbing action, with one arm, to flip the ball over the defender's stick. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，戳挑)
- 人工草皮会帮助球向上弹起。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，劈球)
- 因为球在向左移动，用反手面很容易把它挑起。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，反手挑球)
- 球越过球棍就能突破封堵。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，挑球)
- 只要不危险，可以把球挑过对方队员。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.9)
- Carrying the ball on the left, ahead of the left foot, sets it up for the jabbing flip. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，戳挑)
- The attacker approaches, reads the defender laying the stick flat, lifts the ball over it and collects it to go on. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，挑球)
- 挑球、反手挑球、戳挑、劈球。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，过人技术)
- The jab lift flips the ball over a defender's stick with one hand, beating a stick laid flat to block. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，戳挑)

## 测试 9: 两侧接高球

- Raised balls can arrive on either side, so players practise controlling them on both the front and reverse stick. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，技术计划)
- The oldest step adds the harder backhand receive, with the ball either high or low. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，第2阶段)
- 两个难点同时出现：高度和反手。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 球棍面向下倾斜会让球落到地面。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Players must not use the stick in a dangerous way. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.2)
- 让身体正对来球会使接球更容易。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 用正手接球比反手容易。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，第1阶段)
- The player reads the flight, moves under the ball, turns the stick over and cushions the ball down. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，第2阶段)
- 先正手后反手，先低球后高球。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，技术计划)
- Turning the stick over to take a high ball on the left is a high reverse receive, harder than the front stick. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，第2阶段)

## 测试 10: 肩部以上的球

- 只要处理得安全，高球就是比赛的一部分。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.7)
- Height alone is no offence. The test is whether the ball endangers anyone. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.7)
- 危险规则适用于每一名队员。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.7)
- 规则及其解释的变化，例如允许高球，使比赛更具动感。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide，战术)
- Safety comes before winning the ball, so a high ball near an opponent is played only if it will not endanger them. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.7)
- 只能使用球棍的平面和棱边。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.5)
- The back of the stick is not a playing surface. Only the flat face and the edges may be used. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.5)
- The player checks that nobody is close, raises the stick under control, stops the ball and then brings it down. (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.7)
- 球棍举得越高，越要小心。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.7)
- 只要不危险，球棍在肩部以上也没问题。 (来源: FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view)，规则9.7)

来源: KNHB/SAHA《曲棍球活动指南》、美国曲棍球协会“曲棍球入门101”、NFHCA 资料、国际曲联的历史资料和官方成绩；题目均为原创，未复制任何内容。带编号的规则归入规则类别（曲棍球——曲棍球规则）。

参加测试: https://insporta.app/try?utm_source=book&utm_medium=referral