# 执教原则 · 曲棍球, 等级8：专家

曲棍球 · 等级8：专家 · Insporta Book (https://book.insporta.app/zh/field-hockey/level-8/coaching-principles/)

执教原则: 100条事实, 10项测试.

教练的意义何在以及教练如何开展工作：职责、风格、双向沟通、提问、指导、激励、纠正、比赛中的执教、公平竞赛与安全。

## 测试 1: 教练的职责

- 在青少年曲棍球中，成长比成绩更重要。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 彼此喜欢的球员，训练和比赛时配合得更好。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Welcoming parents builds trust, so they back the team and the club. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 地方协调员帮助教练成长。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 好教练从不停止研究比赛。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 球员必须学会自己解决问题。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Sporting behaviour covers everyone on and around the field, not only the opponents. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 12至13岁、14至15岁、16至17岁。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 先规划全年，再规划每周，然后回顾总结。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Greeting parents before training is hospitality: it makes them feel part of the club. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)

## 测试 2: 执教风格

- 教练讲，球员照做。 (来源: 曲棍球通用参考资料)
- 球员在稍加点拨后自己找到答案。 (来源: 曲棍球通用参考资料)
- 一名球员做动作，同伴在一旁观察并点评。 (来源: 曲棍球通用参考资料)
- 明确的指令能让团队在危险时刻保持安全。 (来源: 曲棍球通用参考资料)
- 只有球员自己做出选择，独立性才会增长。 (来源: 曲棍球通用参考资料)
- 放手式指导只适合有经验的团队。 (来源: 曲棍球通用参考资料)
- No single style fits everything: a beginner group or a risky drill needs more direction than a skilled group solving a problem. (来源: 曲棍球通用参考资料)
- 从讲授，到提问，再到放手。 (来源: 曲棍球通用参考资料)
- The players do the thinking: the coach sets the problem and asks, and confirms only after they have tried answers. (来源: 曲棍球通用参考资料)
- Asking and then waiting, rather than telling, is guided discovery: the players work out how to beat the press. (来源: 曲棍球通用参考资料)

## 测试 3: 双向沟通

- 只有教练在发出信息。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 回应使沟通形成闭环。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 手势、姿态和眼神都在传递信息。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 坐立不安的肢体语言表明注意力已经分散。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 任何分散注意力的事物都是干扰。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 团队周围的干扰会吞没信息。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 含糊的指令会让球员无所适从。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 回应使沟通成为双向的。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Talking before everyone listens wastes words; ending with a summary and questions fixes the message. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 坐立不安的球员已经不再听了。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)

## 测试 4: 提问

- No answer is suggested or limited, so the players can raise whatever they like. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 它只引来“是”或“否”的回答。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 它用来确认信息是否传达到位。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Players may ask anything, but only about free hits, which keeps the answers focused. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 一次只问一个问题，才能得到真正的回答。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 范围狭窄的问题能得到有用的回答。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 及时的反馈最有用。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- The first leaves any topic open, the second limits it to free hits, and the third allows only yes or no. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- The coach sums up, invites questions, and has a player repeat it, which proves the message arrived. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 请球员复述战术，可以检验他是否理解。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)

## 测试 5: 讲解与示范

- 从最重要的那一点说起。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 小步骤更容易跟上。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 检查可以避免有人掉队。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 先示范，再让他们动手。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 纠正之前，先让每个人都试一遍。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 对着心不在焉的团队说话，话都白说了。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Clear, slow speech lets every player hear and follow the words, especially outdoors. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Players grasp a skill better when words are followed by a demonstration, a try and then feedback. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Checking understanding before the drill starts stops it breaking down once players are moving. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 示范能展示言语无法表达的东西。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)

## 测试 6: 激励队员

- 当球员明白其中的意义时，他们会更加努力。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 回忆过去的成功能鼓舞团队。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 活力会从教练传递到团队。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 它来自球员内心。 (来源: 曲棍球通用参考资料)
- 它来自球员外部。 (来源: 曲棍球通用参考资料)
- 接近能力极限的目标能激发努力。 (来源: 曲棍球通用参考资料)
- 亲自参与的教练能提升气氛。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Giving the reason first, linking it to a past success and then showing energy follows the guide's motivation tips. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 从当下，到一周，再到整个赛季。 (来源: 曲棍球通用参考资料)
- A coach who works alongside the players shows energy and lifts the mood. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)

## 测试 7: 纠正错误

- A positive tone keeps the player willing to try again instead of feeling criticised. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 只讲一点，容易记住。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 只有当所有人都有这个问题时，才叫停全体。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 共同的错误需要共同的讲解。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Listening to the players' ideas keeps them involved and can reveal a better fix. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 知道原因，有助于改变持续下去。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Attention only for the strongest players would leave the others without feedback and slow their progress. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- A fix works best when the coach sees the fault, names one point, shows it, and the player then tries again. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 只在必要的限度内打断。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- One explanation to everyone saves time and corrects the fault in every pair at once. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)

## 测试 8: 比赛中的执教

- 比赛中，球员只能记住少数几个想法。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 清晰、冷静的建议帮助球员开好局。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 观察检验战术。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 球员必须在休息时补水。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 提出意见有帮助，指责则不然。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 简短而诚实的话语适合当时的场合。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 赛后的良好礼仪也是教练工作的一部分。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- The roles follow the match in time: preparing, observing, talking at the break, commenting after, then reviewing. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- A tip at the line-up comes before play, a call to a substitute during play, and directions in the half-time break. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Players lose fluid during the first half, so the coach makes sure each one drinks before the team talk. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)

## 测试 9: 公平竞赛与教练

- 领袖为球队定下基调。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 分歧可以等一等。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 事后心平气和的一句话，胜过在场上吵一架。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 在替补席上坐一会儿，能让火气消下去。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 球场周围的每个人都会影响比赛。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 只看比分时，公平竞赛就会受损。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 不了解规则是不公平比赛的原因之一。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Calming the player comes first, a spell off lets tempers cool, and the proper talk waits until after the game. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Expectations are set before play, calls are accepted during it, and problems are raised calmly afterwards. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Taking her off gives her time to cool down and shows that arguing with umpires is not accepted. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)

## 测试 10: 安全第一

- 戒指和手表可能伤到佩戴者和其他人。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 在别人捡球时击球是危险的。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 即使在迷你曲棍球中，守门员也要面对力量很大的射门。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 合适的装备能预防受伤。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 小组训练能让每个人都活跃起来并受到看护。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- 头部受到撞击需要立即处理。 (来源: 曲棍球通用参考资料)
- 快速巡视一圈可以防止摔倒。 (来源: 曲棍球通用参考资料)
- 环境、器材、身体、训练。 (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)
- Play stops so nobody is hurt further, the player is checked, help is called if needed, and a record is kept. (来源: 曲棍球通用参考资料)
- Hard or metal items can injure the wearer or another player during a tackle or stick contact. (来源: KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide)

来源: KNHB/SAHA《曲棍球活动指南》、美国曲棍球协会“曲棍球入门101”、NFHCA 资料、国际曲联的历史资料和官方成绩；题目均为原创，未复制任何内容。带编号的规则归入规则类别（曲棍球——曲棍球规则）。

参加测试: https://insporta.app/try?utm_source=book&utm_medium=referral