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Baseball · Interesting Facts

Chapter 6: Quirky Trivia

10 parts · 10 tests · 100 facts · updated 28 October 2026 · markdown

Baseball has a long record of odd moments. In August 1951 Bill Veeck sent Eddie Gaedel, a man he had signed a few days earlier, to bat; Gaedel remains the shortest player in big-league history, Veeck wanted a walk rather than a swing, and the pitcher could not find his tiny strike zone. Will Harridge called it a mockery of the game, and Gaedel's jersey is kept at the Hall of Fame.

Promotions sometimes went badly wrong. On Disco Demolition Night in Chicago, 12 July 1979, a crate full of vinyl was detonated between the games of a doubleheader, a riot followed, and the Tigers won the forfeit because the field had been badly torn up. Ten Cent Beer Night in Cleveland, 4 June 1974, drew around 25,000 fans to the old Municipal Stadium and ended with the umpire calling the game off. Sports Illustrated's 1 April 1985 story of Sidd Finch, a 168-mph pitcher, was a hoax by George Plimpton, and the clue was in the date. Moe Berg, a reliable backup catcher, was sent to judge how close Germany was to an atomic bomb.

The facts below cover Gaedel, the two promotions, the Finch hoax, Berg, superstitions, strange injuries, animals at the ballpark, players who took all nine positions in one game and strange plays.

6.61Eddie Gaedel

The shortest man ever to bat in the majors.

Test 1Eddie GaedelTake a test

  1. He remains the shortest player in big-league history.

    Source: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Eddie Gaedel's jersey; SABR BioProject, Eddie Gaedel; Bill Veeck, Veeck as in Wreck (1962) · recall

  2. He had signed Gaedel a few days earlier.

    Source: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Eddie Gaedel's jersey; SABR BioProject, Eddie Gaedel; Bill Veeck, Veeck as in Wreck (1962) · recall

  3. The pitcher could not find his tiny strike zone.

    Source: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Eddie Gaedel's jersey; SABR BioProject, Eddie Gaedel; Bill Veeck, Veeck as in Wreck (1962) · recall

  4. The stunt was part of the league's 50th birthday party.

    Source: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Eddie Gaedel's jersey; SABR BioProject, Eddie Gaedel; Bill Veeck, Veeck as in Wreck (1962) · recall

  5. Will Harridge called it a mockery of the game.

    Source: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Eddie Gaedel's jersey; SABR BioProject, Eddie Gaedel; Bill Veeck, Veeck as in Wreck (1962) · recall

  6. Gaedel crouched even lower.

    Source: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Eddie Gaedel's jersey; SABR BioProject, Eddie Gaedel; Bill Veeck, Veeck as in Wreck (1962) · recall

  7. Veeck wanted a walk, not a swing.

    Source: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Eddie Gaedel's jersey; SABR BioProject, Eddie Gaedel; Bill Veeck, Veeck as in Wreck (1962) · recall

  8. The whole stunt took a few minutes.

    Source: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Eddie Gaedel's jersey; SABR BioProject, Eddie Gaedel; Bill Veeck, Veeck as in Wreck (1962) · recall

  9. August 1951, days later in 1951, 1960, then 1979.

    Source: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Eddie Gaedel's jersey; SABR BioProject, Eddie Gaedel; Bill Veeck, Veeck as in Wreck (1962) · recall

  10. His jersey is kept at the Hall of Fame.

    Source: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Eddie Gaedel's jersey; SABR BioProject, Eddie Gaedel; Bill Veeck, Veeck as in Wreck (1962) · applied

6.62Disco Demolition Night

A promotion in Chicago that got out of hand.

Test 1Disco Demolition NightTake a test

  1. It was held between the games of a doubleheader.

    Source: Chicago White Sox history; SABR Games Project, Disco Demolition Night (12 July 1979); MLB.com retrospectives · recall

  2. He hated disco music.

    Source: Chicago White Sox history; SABR Games Project, Disco Demolition Night (12 July 1979); MLB.com retrospectives · recall

  3. The price matched the DJ's station frequency.

    Source: Chicago White Sox history; SABR Games Project, Disco Demolition Night (12 July 1979); MLB.com retrospectives · recall

  4. A crate full of vinyl was detonated.

    Source: Chicago White Sox history; SABR Games Project, Disco Demolition Night (12 July 1979); MLB.com retrospectives · recall

  5. The field had been badly torn up.

    Source: Chicago White Sox history; SABR Games Project, Disco Demolition Night (12 July 1979); MLB.com retrospectives · recall

  6. The Tigers won the forfeit.

    Source: Chicago White Sox history; SABR Games Project, Disco Demolition Night (12 July 1979); MLB.com retrospectives · recall

  7. Mike Veeck later said it ended his career in the majors for years.

    Source: Chicago White Sox history; SABR Games Project, Disco Demolition Night (12 July 1979); MLB.com retrospectives · recall

  8. The riot followed straight after the blast.

    Source: Chicago White Sox history; SABR Games Project, Disco Demolition Night (12 July 1979); MLB.com retrospectives · recall

  9. It was one of the last forfeits in the majors.

    Source: Chicago White Sox history; SABR Games Project, Disco Demolition Night (12 July 1979); MLB.com retrospectives · recall

  10. Rock fans had grown tired of it.

    Source: Chicago White Sox history; SABR Games Project, Disco Demolition Night (12 July 1979); MLB.com retrospectives · applied

6.63Ten Cent Beer Night

Cheap beer in Cleveland and a forfeited game.

Test 1Ten Cent Beer NightTake a test

  1. Around 25,000 fans came to the old Municipal Stadium.

    Source: SABR Games Project, Ten Cent Beer Night (4 June 1974); Cleveland Guardians history; MLB.com retrospectives · recall

  2. The two clubs had brawled a week earlier.

    Source: SABR Games Project, Ten Cent Beer Night (4 June 1974); Cleveland Guardians history; MLB.com retrospectives · recall

  3. The score was tied at that point.

    Source: SABR Games Project, Ten Cent Beer Night (4 June 1974); Cleveland Guardians history; MLB.com retrospectives · recall

  4. The umpire called the game off.

    Source: SABR Games Project, Ten Cent Beer Night (4 June 1974); Cleveland Guardians history; MLB.com retrospectives · recall

  5. Fans had surrounded their right fielder.

    Source: SABR Games Project, Ten Cent Beer Night (4 June 1974); Cleveland Guardians history; MLB.com retrospectives · recall

  6. The usual price was much higher.

    Source: SABR Games Project, Ten Cent Beer Night (4 June 1974); Cleveland Guardians history; MLB.com retrospectives · recall

  7. The huge lakeside stadium held over 70,000.

    Source: SABR Games Project, Ten Cent Beer Night (4 June 1974); Cleveland Guardians history; MLB.com retrospectives · recall

  8. The trouble built up for hours.

    Source: SABR Games Project, Ten Cent Beer Night (4 June 1974); Cleveland Guardians history; MLB.com retrospectives · recall

  9. 1974, 1979, then 1995, when fans threw souvenir balls onto the field.

    Source: SABR Games Project, Ten Cent Beer Night (4 June 1974); Cleveland Guardians history; MLB.com retrospectives · recall

  10. He managed the Rangers that year.

    Source: SABR Games Project, Ten Cent Beer Night (4 June 1974); Cleveland Guardians history; MLB.com retrospectives · applied

6.64The Sidd Finch Hoax

The 168-mph pitcher who never existed.

Test 1The Sidd Finch hoaxTake a test

  1. Many readers believed it.

    Source: Sports Illustrated, 'The Curious Case of Sidd Finch' (1 April 1985, George Plimpton); SI Vault · recall

  2. The clue was in the date.

    Source: Sports Illustrated, 'The Curious Case of Sidd Finch' (1 April 1985, George Plimpton); SI Vault · recall

  3. He was famous for trying sports himself.

    Source: Sports Illustrated, 'The Curious Case of Sidd Finch' (1 April 1985, George Plimpton); SI Vault · recall

  4. Mets players and staff joined in the joke.

    Source: Sports Illustrated, 'The Curious Case of Sidd Finch' (1 April 1985, George Plimpton); SI Vault · recall

  5. No real pitcher has come close.

    Source: Sports Illustrated, 'The Curious Case of Sidd Finch' (1 April 1985, George Plimpton); SI Vault · recall

  6. He had studied with monks, the story said.

    Source: Sports Illustrated, 'The Curious Case of Sidd Finch' (1 April 1985, George Plimpton); SI Vault · recall

  7. Few readers noticed it.

    Source: Sports Illustrated, 'The Curious Case of Sidd Finch' (1 April 1985, George Plimpton); SI Vault · recall

  8. The joke ran for about two weeks.

    Source: Sports Illustrated, 'The Curious Case of Sidd Finch' (1 April 1985, George Plimpton); SI Vault · recall

  9. 168, about 106, then about 94 mph.

    Source: Sports Illustrated, 'The Curious Case of Sidd Finch' (1 April 1985, George Plimpton); SI Vault · recall

  10. The photos were posed by an art teacher.

    Source: Sports Illustrated, 'The Curious Case of Sidd Finch' (1 April 1985, George Plimpton); SI Vault · applied

6.65Moe Berg

The catcher who became a spy.

Test 1Moe BergTake a test

  1. He later studied law at Columbia.

    Source: SABR BioProject, Moe Berg; CIA, 'Moe Berg: the spy behind home plate' (cia.gov); National Baseball Hall of Fame · recall

  2. He was a reliable backup.

    Source: SABR BioProject, Moe Berg; CIA, 'Moe Berg: the spy behind home plate' (cia.gov); National Baseball Hall of Fame · recall

  3. His film was later studied by the US military.

    Source: SABR BioProject, Moe Berg; CIA, 'Moe Berg: the spy behind home plate' (cia.gov); National Baseball Hall of Fame · recall

  4. He was to judge how close Germany was to an atomic bomb.

    Source: SABR BioProject, Moe Berg; CIA, 'Moe Berg: the spy behind home plate' (cia.gov); National Baseball Hall of Fame · recall

  5. He gave no reason in public.

    Source: SABR BioProject, Moe Berg; CIA, 'Moe Berg: the spy behind home plate' (cia.gov); National Baseball Hall of Fame · recall

  6. Listeners were amazed by his knowledge.

    Source: SABR BioProject, Moe Berg; CIA, 'Moe Berg: the spy behind home plate' (cia.gov); National Baseball Hall of Fame · recall

  7. A team-mate joked he spoke many and hit in none.

    Source: SABR BioProject, Moe Berg; CIA, 'Moe Berg: the spy behind home plate' (cia.gov); National Baseball Hall of Fame · recall

  8. 1923, 1934, 1944, then 1945.

    Source: SABR BioProject, Moe Berg; CIA, 'Moe Berg: the spy behind home plate' (cia.gov); National Baseball Hall of Fame · recall

  9. He had orders to act if Germany was close.

    Source: SABR BioProject, Moe Berg; CIA, 'Moe Berg: the spy behind home plate' (cia.gov); National Baseball Hall of Fame · recall

  10. The Office of Strategic Services came before the CIA.

    Source: SABR BioProject, Moe Berg; CIA, 'Moe Berg: the spy behind home plate' (cia.gov); National Baseball Hall of Fame · applied

6.66Superstitions

Chicken dinners, licorice and lucky routines.

Test 1SuperstitionsTake a test

  1. His team-mate called him 'Chicken Man'.

    Source: SABR BioProject (Wade Boggs, Turk Wendell, Moises Alou, Nomar Garciaparra); MLB.com features on superstitions · recall

  2. Every part of his day ran to the minute.

    Source: SABR BioProject (Wade Boggs, Turk Wendell, Moises Alou, Nomar Garciaparra); MLB.com features on superstitions · recall

  3. Stepping on it is said to bring bad luck.

    Source: SABR BioProject (Wade Boggs, Turk Wendell, Moises Alou, Nomar Garciaparra); MLB.com features on superstitions · recall

  4. He played 17 seasons without batting gloves.

    Source: SABR BioProject (Wade Boggs, Turk Wendell, Moises Alou, Nomar Garciaparra); MLB.com features on superstitions · recall

  5. Fans copied his routine in the stands.

    Source: SABR BioProject (Wade Boggs, Turk Wendell, Moises Alou, Nomar Garciaparra); MLB.com features on superstitions · recall

  6. Team-mates borrowed it too.

    Source: SABR BioProject (Wade Boggs, Turk Wendell, Moises Alou, Nomar Garciaparra); MLB.com features on superstitions · recall

  7. He also wore a necklace of animal teeth.

    Source: SABR BioProject (Wade Boggs, Turk Wendell, Moises Alou, Nomar Garciaparra); MLB.com features on superstitions · recall

  8. He never changed it.

    Source: SABR BioProject (Wade Boggs, Turk Wendell, Moises Alou, Nomar Garciaparra); MLB.com features on superstitions · recall

  9. 1982, 1999, then 2005.

    Source: SABR BioProject (Wade Boggs, Turk Wendell, Moises Alou, Nomar Garciaparra); MLB.com features on superstitions · recall

  10. He also asked for the number 99.

    Source: SABR BioProject (Wade Boggs, Turk Wendell, Moises Alou, Nomar Garciaparra); MLB.com features on superstitions · applied

6.67Strange Injuries

Sneezes, spiders and a fatal jump on home plate.

Test 1Strange injuriesTake a test

  1. He sneezed twice and his back gave way.

    Source: MLB.com and club reports (Sosa 2004, Kent 2002, Zumaya 2006, Morales 2010, Cordova 2002, Smoltz); SABR BioProject (Glenallen Hill, Clarence Blethen) · recall

  2. He woke up cut and bruised.

    Source: MLB.com and club reports (Sosa 2004, Kent 2002, Zumaya 2006, Morales 2010, Cordova 2002, Smoltz); SABR BioProject (Glenallen Hill, Clarence Blethen) · recall

  3. He slid into second and the teeth bit him.

    Source: MLB.com and club reports (Sosa 2004, Kent 2002, Zumaya 2006, Morales 2010, Cordova 2002, Smoltz); SABR BioProject (Glenallen Hill, Clarence Blethen) · recall

  4. He had really fallen off a motorcycle.

    Source: MLB.com and club reports (Sosa 2004, Kent 2002, Zumaya 2006, Morales 2010, Cordova 2002, Smoltz); SABR BioProject (Glenallen Hill, Clarence Blethen) · recall

  5. He played it for hours on end.

    Source: MLB.com and club reports (Sosa 2004, Kent 2002, Zumaya 2006, Morales 2010, Cordova 2002, Smoltz); SABR BioProject (Glenallen Hill, Clarence Blethen) · recall

  6. He fell asleep under it.

    Source: MLB.com and club reports (Sosa 2004, Kent 2002, Zumaya 2006, Morales 2010, Cordova 2002, Smoltz); SABR BioProject (Glenallen Hill, Clarence Blethen) · recall

  7. He said it had worked before.

    Source: MLB.com and club reports (Sosa 2004, Kent 2002, Zumaya 2006, Morales 2010, Cordova 2002, Smoltz); SABR BioProject (Glenallen Hill, Clarence Blethen) · recall

  8. 1923, 1990, 2002, then 2004.

    Source: MLB.com and club reports (Sosa 2004, Kent 2002, Zumaya 2006, Morales 2010, Cordova 2002, Smoltz); SABR BioProject (Glenallen Hill, Clarence Blethen) · recall

  9. He missed the rest of the season.

    Source: MLB.com and club reports (Sosa 2004, Kent 2002, Zumaya 2006, Morales 2010, Cordova 2002, Smoltz); SABR BioProject (Glenallen Hill, Clarence Blethen) · recall

  10. Players now celebrate walk-offs more carefully.

    Source: MLB.com and club reports (Sosa 2004, Kent 2002, Zumaya 2006, Morales 2010, Cordova 2002, Smoltz); SABR BioProject (Glenallen Hill, Clarence Blethen) · applied

6.68Animals at the Ballpark

Doves, midges, a squirrel and a seagull.

Test 1Animals at the ballparkTake a test

  1. The bird flew into the path of the ball.

    Source: MLB.com (Randy Johnson 2001, Joba Chamberlain 2007, the Rally Squirrel 2011, bees at Chase Field 2023); Toronto Blue Jays on Dave Winfield (1983); Milwaukee Brewers on Hank · recall

  2. He lost his control as they covered him.

    Source: MLB.com (Randy Johnson 2001, Joba Chamberlain 2007, the Rally Squirrel 2011, bees at Chase Field 2023); Toronto Blue Jays on Dave Winfield (1983); Milwaukee Brewers on Hank · recall

  3. The charges were dropped the next day.

    Source: MLB.com (Randy Johnson 2001, Joba Chamberlain 2007, the Rally Squirrel 2011, bees at Chase Field 2023); Toronto Blue Jays on Dave Winfield (1983); Milwaukee Brewers on Hank · recall

  4. He was named after Hank Aaron.

    Source: MLB.com (Randy Johnson 2001, Joba Chamberlain 2007, the Rally Squirrel 2011, bees at Chase Field 2023); Toronto Blue Jays on Dave Winfield (1983); Milwaukee Brewers on Hank · recall

  5. A beekeeper was called in.

    Source: MLB.com (Randy Johnson 2001, Joba Chamberlain 2007, the Rally Squirrel 2011, bees at Chase Field 2023); Toronto Blue Jays on Dave Winfield (1983); Milwaukee Brewers on Hank · recall

  6. Many clubs hold one each season.

    Source: MLB.com (Randy Johnson 2001, Joba Chamberlain 2007, the Rally Squirrel 2011, bees at Chase Field 2023); Toronto Blue Jays on Dave Winfield (1983); Milwaukee Brewers on Hank · recall

  7. The Cardinals went on to win the World Series.

    Source: MLB.com (Randy Johnson 2001, Joba Chamberlain 2007, the Rally Squirrel 2011, bees at Chase Field 2023); Toronto Blue Jays on Dave Winfield (1983); Milwaukee Brewers on Hank · recall

  8. 1983, 2001, 2007, then 2011.

    Source: MLB.com (Randy Johnson 2001, Joba Chamberlain 2007, the Rally Squirrel 2011, bees at Chase Field 2023); Toronto Blue Jays on Dave Winfield (1983); Milwaukee Brewers on Hank · recall

  9. Delays can last an hour or more.

    Source: MLB.com (Randy Johnson 2001, Joba Chamberlain 2007, the Rally Squirrel 2011, bees at Chase Field 2023); Toronto Blue Jays on Dave Winfield (1983); Milwaukee Brewers on Hank · recall

  10. Fans made it a lucky charm.

    Source: MLB.com (Randy Johnson 2001, Joba Chamberlain 2007, the Rally Squirrel 2011, bees at Chase Field 2023); Toronto Blue Jays on Dave Winfield (1983); Milwaukee Brewers on Hank · applied

6.69Every Position in One Game

Players who took all nine places on the field in a day.

Test 1Every position in one gameTake a test

  1. Kansas City's shortstop did it on a special night.

    Source: SABR research, 'Players who played all nine positions in one game' (Campaneris 1965, Tovar 1968, Sheldon and Halter 2000, Romine 2017) · recall

  2. He switched arms depending on the batter.

    Source: SABR research, 'Players who played all nine positions in one game' (Campaneris 1965, Tovar 1968, Sheldon and Halter 2000, Romine 2017) · recall

  3. It was Tovar's only inning on the mound.

    Source: SABR research, 'Players who played all nine positions in one game' (Campaneris 1965, Tovar 1968, Sheldon and Halter 2000, Romine 2017) · recall

  4. One did it for Texas, the other for Detroit.

    Source: SABR research, 'Players who played all nine positions in one game' (Campaneris 1965, Tovar 1968, Sheldon and Halter 2000, Romine 2017) · recall

  5. He did it on the last weekend of the season.

    Source: SABR research, 'Players who played all nine positions in one game' (Campaneris 1965, Tovar 1968, Sheldon and Halter 2000, Romine 2017) · recall

  6. Playing out of position risks losing.

    Source: SABR research, 'Players who played all nine positions in one game' (Campaneris 1965, Tovar 1968, Sheldon and Halter 2000, Romine 2017) · recall

  7. He had to leave the game.

    Source: SABR research, 'Players who played all nine positions in one game' (Campaneris 1965, Tovar 1968, Sheldon and Halter 2000, Romine 2017) · recall

  8. 1965, 1968, 2000, then 2017.

    Source: SABR research, 'Players who played all nine positions in one game' (Campaneris 1965, Tovar 1968, Sheldon and Halter 2000, Romine 2017) · recall

  9. Positions 1 to 6; the outfield is 7, 8 and 9.

    Source: SABR research, 'Players who played all nine positions in one game' (Campaneris 1965, Tovar 1968, Sheldon and Halter 2000, Romine 2017) · recall

  10. He played for the Kansas City Athletics.

    Source: SABR research, 'Players who played all nine positions in one game' (Campaneris 1965, Tovar 1968, Sheldon and Halter 2000, Romine 2017) · applied

6.70Strange Plays

A blown ball, a bare hand, a head and a boy's glove.

Test 1Strange playsTake a test

  1. The umpire ruled it a hit anyway.

    Source: MLB.com and SABR Games Project (Randle 1981, Mitchell 1989, Canseco 1993, Maier 1996, Twins 1990, Braves 2012, Blue Jays-Rangers 2015) · recall

  2. He had overrun it and reached back.

    Source: MLB.com and SABR Games Project (Randle 1981, Mitchell 1989, Canseco 1993, Maier 1996, Twins 1990, Braves 2012, Blue Jays-Rangers 2015) · recall

  3. Carlos Martínez of Cleveland got the homer.

    Source: MLB.com and SABR Games Project (Randle 1981, Mitchell 1989, Canseco 1993, Maier 1996, Twins 1990, Braves 2012, Blue Jays-Rangers 2015) · recall

  4. They still lost the game.

    Source: MLB.com and SABR Games Project (Randle 1981, Mitchell 1989, Canseco 1993, Maier 1996, Twins 1990, Braves 2012, Blue Jays-Rangers 2015) · recall

  5. The ball had dropped in shallow left field.

    Source: MLB.com and SABR Games Project (Randle 1981, Mitchell 1989, Canseco 1993, Maier 1996, Twins 1990, Braves 2012, Blue Jays-Rangers 2015) · recall

  6. It set up one of the wildest innings in playoff history.

    Source: MLB.com and SABR Games Project (Randle 1981, Mitchell 1989, Canseco 1993, Maier 1996, Twins 1990, Braves 2012, Blue Jays-Rangers 2015) · recall

  7. No interference was called.

    Source: MLB.com and SABR Games Project (Randle 1981, Mitchell 1989, Canseco 1993, Maier 1996, Twins 1990, Braves 2012, Blue Jays-Rangers 2015) · recall

  8. 1981, 1989, 1993, then 1996.

    Source: MLB.com and SABR Games Project (Randle 1981, Mitchell 1989, Canseco 1993, Maier 1996, Twins 1990, Braves 2012, Blue Jays-Rangers 2015) · recall

  9. It is replayed on blooper reels to this day.

    Source: MLB.com and SABR Games Project (Randle 1981, Mitchell 1989, Canseco 1993, Maier 1996, Twins 1990, Braves 2012, Blue Jays-Rangers 2015) · recall

  10. The Orioles protested in vain.

    Source: MLB.com and SABR Games Project (Randle 1981, Mitchell 1989, Canseco 1993, Maier 1996, Twins 1990, Braves 2012, Blue Jays-Rangers 2015) · applied

Questions people ask

Who was the shortest player in major league history?
Eddie Gaedel, who batted in August 1951 for Bill Veeck. Veeck wanted a walk, not a swing, and the pitcher could not find his tiny strike zone.
What happened on Disco Demolition Night?
Between the games of a doubleheader in Chicago on 12 July 1979, a crate full of vinyl was detonated and a riot followed. The field had been so badly torn up that the Tigers won the forfeit.
What was Ten Cent Beer Night?
A 1974 promotion in Cleveland that sold beer far below its usual price. The trouble built up for hours until the umpire called the game off, with the score tied.
Was Sidd Finch a real pitcher?
No. He was a hoax by George Plimpton in Sports Illustrated on 1 April 1985, a pitcher said to throw 168 mph, and the clue was in the date.
Was Moe Berg really a spy?
Yes. The catcher worked for the Office of Strategic Services, which came before the CIA, and was sent to judge how close Germany was to an atomic bomb.
Who has played all nine positions in one game?
Campaneris did it in 1965, Tovar in 1968, Sheldon and Halter in 2000 and Romine in 2017.
What was the Rally Squirrel?
A squirrel that turned up at the ballpark in 2011. Fans made it a lucky charm, and the Cardinals went on to win the World Series.

Sources

Primary/official sources only, no Wikipedia citations: the National Baseball Hall of Fame, MLB and its clubs, the WBSC, SABR's BioProject, the Library of Congress, Guinness World Records, makers' and leagues' own histories and named reputable media.

  • National Baseball Hall of Fame on Eddie Gaedel's jersey; SABR BioProject, Eddie Gaedel; Bill Veeck, Veeck as in Wreck (1962)10
  • Chicago White Sox history; SABR Games Project, Disco Demolition Night (12 July 1979); MLB.com retrospectives10
  • SABR Games Project, Ten Cent Beer Night (4 June 1974); Cleveland Guardians history; MLB.com retrospectives10
  • Sports Illustrated, 'The Curious Case of Sidd Finch' (1 April 1985, George Plimpton); SI Vault10
  • SABR BioProject, Moe Berg; CIA, 'Moe Berg: the spy behind home plate' (cia.gov); National Baseball Hall of Fame10
  • SABR BioProject (Wade Boggs, Turk Wendell, Moises Alou, Nomar Garciaparra); MLB.com features on superstitions10
  • MLB.com and club reports (Sosa 2004, Kent 2002, Zumaya 2006, Morales 2010, Cordova 2002, Smoltz); SABR BioProject (Glenallen Hill, Clarence Blethen)10
  • MLB.com (Randy Johnson 2001, Joba Chamberlain 2007, the Rally Squirrel 2011, bees at Chase Field 2023); Toronto Blue Jays on Dave Winfield (1983); Milwaukee Brewers on Hank10
  • SABR research, 'Players who played all nine positions in one game' (Campaneris 1965, Tovar 1968, Sheldon and Halter 2000, Romine 2017)10
  • MLB.com and SABR Games Project (Randle 1981, Mitchell 1989, Canseco 1993, Maier 1996, Twins 1990, Braves 2012, Blue Jays-Rangers 2015)10