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Football · Level 8

Expert

10 sub-levels · 100 tests · 1000 facts · updated 12 October 2026

Level 8 is football's data: expected assists, progression, defensive and physical numbers, scouting, maps, event and tracking data, goalkeepers, video analysis and set pieces, read the way clubs read them.

Sub-levels

Sub-level 8.81Expected Assists (xA)Expected assists and the numbers around them: key passes, chances created, shot- and goal-creating actions, crosses and cut-backs, and the assist records they are measured against.10 tests · 100 factsSub-level 8.82Progressive Passes & CarriesHow the ball moves forward in the data: progressive passes and carries by each provider's rules, FIFA's line breaks, entries into the final third and the box, and the players who carry it.10 tests · 100 factsSub-level 8.83Defensive Metrics: Pressures & BlocksWhat defensive numbers record and what they miss: tackles, aerial duels, blocks, clearances, one against one defending, errors, xG against and the defenders in the record books.10 tests · 100 factsSub-level 8.84Data-Driven ScoutingHow clubs use data to find players: the recruitment funnel, similar-player searches, league strength, age curves, several seasons of data, radars, market values, data-led clubs, famous finds and the limits of the…10 tests · 100 factsSub-level 8.85Heatmaps & Touch MapsHow to read football's maps: heatmaps, touch maps, average positions, passing networks, shot maps, maps by role, maps for coaches and players, the opponent on a map, a season on a map and where maps mislead.10 tests · 100 factsSub-level 8.86Physical Metrics at Elite LevelWhat football's physical data can and cannot say: how tracking measures speed, ball-in-play time, stats in broadcasts, referees' tests, the late-match drop, substitutions, running and results, goalkeepers,…10 tests · 100 factsSub-level 8.87Event Data vs. Tracking DataHow football data is made: logging events, qualifiers, coordinate systems, optical tracking, data quality, synchronisation, providers, open data, pitch control and which question needs which data.10 tests · 100 factsSub-level 8.88Goalkeeper AnalyticsHow goalkeepers are measured: save percentage, post-shot xG and goals prevented, crosses, sweeping, distribution, penalties, clean sheets, records, saves by shot type and scouting keepers with data.10 tests · 100 factsSub-level 8.89Video Analysis & SoftwareHow clubs work with video: coding software and tagging, cameras and drones, clips for players, telestration, the opposition report, team and unit meetings, amateur video, analysts who became coaches and video in…10 tests · 100 factsSub-level 8.90Set-Piece Coaching (Data Level)Set pieces through the data: corner outcomes, delivery zones, first contacts and second balls, set-piece xG, defending by the numbers, free kicks and throw-ins as data, restarts, scouting takers and reading a…10 tests · 100 facts

Written from

IFAB Laws of the Game / FIFA & UEFA technical reports / Opta, StatsBomb and FBref definitions / club and analyst publications / peer-reviewed research