The game spreads and splits

South Africa played the first of its Tests in March 1889, at Port Elizabeth against a touring English side, more than a decade before any other country was admitted.

Source: Wikipedia, History of Test cricket · applied

West Indies' first Test was played at Lord's in late June 1928, the opening match of their tour of England, two years after they were admitted to the Imperial Cricket Conference.

Source: Wikipedia, History of Test cricket · recall

India were granted Test status in 1932 and played only a single Test on that first visit, at Lord's in June, losing to England by 158 runs.

Source: Wikipedia, History of Test cricket · recall

New Zealand entered Test cricket in the 1929-30 season, and the Christchurch match of January 1930 against England was the country's first, part of a four-Test series.

Source: Wikipedia, History of Test cricket · applied

Pakistan's inaugural Test was played at Feroz Shah Kotla in Delhi in October 1952 against India, five years after Partition created the two states.

Source: Wikipedia, History of Test cricket · recall

Having been promoted from associate status in July 1981, Sri Lanka opened their Test record in February 1982 with a match against England at Colombo's P. Sara Oval.

Source: Wikipedia, History of Test cricket · recall

Zimbabwe were admitted alongside South Africa's return in 1992, and in their first Test, at Harare Sports Club, David Houghton's 121 helped them hold India to a draw.

Source: ESPNcricinfo · applied

Bangladesh became the tenth Test nation in June 2000 and played their first Test that November against India in Dhaka, making 400 before being bowled out for 91 and losing by nine wickets.

Source: Wikipedia, History of Test cricket · recall

The second wave of Test nations was tightly clustered: the West Indies in 1928, New Zealand in 1929-30 and India in 1932, ending decades in which only three countries held status.

Source: Wikipedia, History of Test cricket · applied

Of the four, the West Indies were admitted first in 1928, ahead of India in 1932, Pakistan in 1952 and Sri Lanka in 1981.

Source: Wikipedia, History of Test cricket · applied

The Conference was set up in 1909 by the three Test nations of the day, with the MCC representing England and hosting the meeting at Lord's.

Source: Wikipedia, International Cricket Council · recall

The MCC chaired the Conference and it met at Lord's; the club effectively governed world cricket until control passed to the ICC as an independent body in 1993.

Source: Wikipedia, International Cricket Council · recall

The Conference admitted only bodies from within the British Empire, later the Commonwealth, which is why cricket-playing countries such as the United States could not become members.

Source: Wikipedia, International Cricket Council · recall

The rule tied membership to imperial status, so the United States, never part of the Empire, remained outside the body despite a cricket history reaching back to the 18th century.

Source: Wikipedia, International Cricket Council · applied

In 1926 the Conference expanded from three members to six, admitting India, New Zealand and the West Indies at the same meeting.

Source: Wikipedia, International Cricket Council · applied

Pakistan was admitted in 1952 as the seventh Test nation; no further full member was added until Sri Lanka in 1981.

Source: Wikipedia, International Cricket Council · recall

The membership rule was tied to the Commonwealth, so when South Africa became a republic and left the Commonwealth in 1961 it ceased to be a member, founder or not; the expulsion over apartheid came later.

Source: Wikipedia, International Cricket Council · applied

The 1965 change kept full membership as before but created an Associate category for countries that did not play Tests, the first being Ceylon, Fiji and the USA.

Source: Wikipedia, International Cricket Council · recall

As foundation members England and Australia could each block a resolution they opposed; this veto was not given up until 1993, when the ICC became a body independent of the MCC.

Source: Wikipedia, International Cricket Council · recall

Apartheid's end brought South Africa back in 1991, three decades after its 1961 lapse and just after the "International Cricket Council" title was adopted in 1989.

Source: Wikipedia, International Cricket Council · recall

Bodyline set short, fast deliveries at the body against a packed leg-side field, so a batsman fending the ball away was caught close in and one who hooked risked being caught in the deep.

Source: Wikipedia, Bodyline · recall

Jardine settled on leg-theory bowling as the way to curb Bradman and drove it through the series; his manager Plum Warner distanced himself once the row broke.

Source: Wikipedia, Bodyline · recall

Larwood and Voce, the Nottinghamshire pair, supplied the pace; Gubby Allen, also in the side, refused to bowl to a leg-side field throughout the tour.

Source: Wikipedia, Bodyline · recall

England took the rubber four-one and regained the Ashes; the tactic worked on the field even as it poisoned relations off it.

Source: Wikipedia, Bodyline · applied

Bradman had piled up runs in England in 1930, and Bodyline was built to cramp him; through 1932-33 his series average fell to the mid-fifties, well short of his career figure.

Source: Wikipedia, Bodyline · applied

Woodfull's words to Plum Warner, that there were two teams out there and only one was trying to play cricket, became the most quoted line of the whole affair.

Source: Wikipedia, Bodyline · applied

Oldfield top-edged an attempted hook off Larwood on to his own head; the delivery was not a leg-theory ball and Oldfield said the fault was his, but the near-riot that followed did not draw the distinction.

Source: Wikipedia, Bodyline · recall

The Board's 18 January 1933 cable called Bodyline unsportsmanlike; the MCC took the word as an insult to its good faith and refused to continue until it was withdrawn.

Source: Wikipedia, Bodyline · recall

The MCC's cable backed Jardine and his players and offered to abandon the remaining Tests unless Australia retracted "unsportsmanlike"; the Board withdrew it and the tour went on.

Source: Wikipedia, Bodyline · applied

The 1935 "direct attack" Law empowered the umpire to intervene against sustained fast bowling at the body; limiting fielders behind square on the leg side to two came separately, in 1957.

Source: Wikipedia, Bodyline · recall

D'Oliveira was classed as Cape Coloured under apartheid and could not play first-class cricket in South Africa, so he moved to England in 1960 and qualified for the national side.

Source: Wikipedia, Basil D'Oliveira · recall

D'Oliveira's 158 at The Oval came days before the touring party was picked and made his omission all the harder to explain on cricketing grounds.

Source: Wikipedia, Basil D'Oliveira · applied

Despite the Oval hundred D'Oliveira was left out of the original sixteen, and several MCC members resigned in protest at what looked like a political choice.

Source: Wikipedia, D'Oliveira affair · applied

The bowler Tom Cartwright withdrew injured, and D'Oliveira, a batting all-rounder, was named to replace a front-line bowler, which itself drew comment.

Source: Wikipedia, D'Oliveira affair · recall

Speaking at Bloemfontein in September 1968, Vorster declared the team was not that of the MCC but of the anti-apartheid movement and would not be received, which forced the MCC to call the tour off.

Source: Wikipedia, D'Oliveira affair · applied

With the host government refusing the party as selected, the MCC abandoned the 1968-69 tour rather than drop D'Oliveira a second time.

Source: Wikipedia, D'Oliveira affair · applied

The "Stop the Seventy Tour" campaign and the threat of disruption led the government to ask the authorities to withdraw the invitation; a Rest of the World side played the Tests instead.

Source: Wikipedia, D'Oliveira affair · recall

South Africa played no official international cricket from 1970 onward; the exclusion held for roughly twenty-one years, ending in 1991 and followed by a place at the 1992 World Cup.

Source: Wikipedia, International Cricket Council · recall

Named after the Scottish hotel where Commonwealth leaders met, the Gleneagles Agreement committed member governments to actively discouraging their sportspeople from competing against South Africa.

Source: Wikipedia, D'Oliveira affair · recall

Rebel sides from England, Sri Lanka, the West Indies and Australia toured for money and met long bans; the English party of 1982, led by Graham Gooch, was kept out of Test cricket for three years.

Source: Wikipedia, D'Oliveira affair · recall

Packer's Channel Nine bid well above the going rate for exclusive Test coverage, but the Board kept the contract with the ABC; Packer resolved to sign the players and run his own cricket.

Source: Wikipedia, World Series Cricket · recall

Nine's offer of roughly A$1.5 million dwarfed the ABC arrangement of about A$210,000, and Packer felt the size of the bid had been brushed aside for reasons of the old-boy network.

Source: Wikipedia, World Series Cricket · applied

About fifty leading cricketers, most of the Australian and West Indies teams among them, had signed before the plan leaked to the press on 9 May 1977.

Source: Wikipedia, World Series Cricket · recall

Greig used his standing to sign others and lost the England captaincy at once, though he kept his place in the side for a time.

Source: Wikipedia, World Series Cricket · applied

The authorities declared WSC matches not first-class and moved to shut its players out of official Test and county cricket, which set up the court fight.

Source: Wikipedia, World Series Cricket · applied

Mr Justice Slade held that the bans were an unlawful restraint of trade, since a professional must be free to earn a living, and ordered the boards to pay costs.

Source: Wikipedia, World Series Cricket · recall

Locked out of the Test grounds by the boards that ran them, WSC played on Australian Rules grounds and other sites, and its curator laid drop-in pitches to make them fit for cricket.

Source: Wikipedia, World Series Cricket · applied

Coloured clothing, the white ball, matches played into the evening under lights, drop-in pitches and many-camera coverage all came from WSC and are now standard in the limited-overs game.

Source: Wikipedia, World Series Cricket · recall

Large crowds came to the night games at the SCG, and protective helmets, worn by Dennis Amiss in a modified motorcycle helmet before purpose-built ones appeared, date from the same WSC seasons.

Source: Wikipedia, World Series Cricket · applied

The settlement of 30 May 1979 handed Channel Nine exclusive broadcasting rights and PBL Marketing a ten-year promotions deal; the players returned to official cricket on far better pay.

Source: Wikipedia, World Series Cricket · recall