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Field Hockey · Interesting Facts

Chapter 2: Records & Statistics

10 parts · 10 tests · 100 facts · updated 30 October 2026 · markdown

Marathons, medal tables, crowds, caps and other numbers from the game's record books.

2.21Marathon Matches

Clubs have played without stopping for a day and more, and Guinness has kept the score.

Test 1Marathon matchesTake a test

  1. It ran from 24 to 26 May and is the outdoor mark Guinness now lists.

    Source: Guinness World Records, 'Longest marathon playing field hockey' and 'Longest marathon playing indoor field hockey' · recall

  2. It was organised by the Happy Hockey Foundation in the town of Goes.

    Source: Guinness World Records, 'Longest marathon playing field hockey' and 'Longest marathon playing indoor field hockey' · recall

  3. Guinness took several months over the evidence before confirming it that November.

    Source: FIH, 'Guinness World Record set for longest hockey match', 3 November 2011 (fih.hockey) · recall

  4. The Irish club was beaten by just 45 minutes.

    Source: FIH, 'Guinness World Record set for longest hockey match', 3 November 2011 (fih.hockey) · recall

  5. Darren Bane brought together two squads of 16 and a team of timekeepers and witnesses.

    Source: FIH, 'Guinness World Record set for longest hockey match', 3 November 2011 (fih.hockey) · recall

  6. Volunteer stewards, umpires and independent witnesses kept it all going.

    Source: FIH, 'Guinness World Record set for longest hockey match', 3 November 2011 (fih.hockey) · recall

  7. More than £5,200 went to the Cots for Tots Appeal at St Michael's Hospital in Bristol.

    Source: FIH, 'Guinness World Record set for longest hockey match', 3 November 2011 (fih.hockey) · recall

  8. 26 hours 38 minutes, 31 hours, 33 hours, 60 hours.

    Source: Guinness World Records, 'Longest marathon playing field hockey' and 'Longest marathon playing indoor field hockey'; FIH · recall

  9. 2008, 2010, 2011, 2024.

    Source: Guinness World Records, 'Longest marathon playing field hockey' and 'Longest marathon playing indoor field hockey'; FIH · recall

  10. A long weekend in Glasgow, from a Friday to a Sunday.

    Source: Guinness World Records, 'Longest marathon playing field hockey' and 'Longest marathon playing indoor field hockey' · applied

2.22Skills Against the Clock

Touches, passes and dribbles: the hockey records that fit into a minute or three.

Test 1Skills against the clockTake a test

  1. That is over four touches every second, for a full minute.

    Source: Guinness World Records: 'Most field hockey stick touches in one minute', 'Most field hockey passes in one minute (team)', 'Greatest distance dribbling a field hockey ball in three minutes (team)' · recall

  2. It was done on 9 October 2021 in Tamil Nadu.

    Source: Guinness World Records: 'Most field hockey stick touches in one minute', 'Most field hockey passes in one minute (team)', 'Greatest distance dribbling a field hockey ball in three minutes (team)' · recall

  3. That works out at about a pass every 1.4 seconds.

    Source: Guinness World Records: 'Most field hockey stick touches in one minute', 'Most field hockey passes in one minute (team)', 'Greatest distance dribbling a field hockey ball in three minutes (team)' · recall

  4. It was part of the Punjab Youth Sports Festival on 12 March.

    Source: Guinness World Records: 'Most field hockey stick touches in one minute', 'Most field hockey passes in one minute (team)', 'Greatest distance dribbling a field hockey ball in three minutes (team)' · recall

  5. That is about 5.4 metres a second, with the ball on the stick.

    Source: Guinness World Records: 'Most field hockey stick touches in one minute', 'Most field hockey passes in one minute (team)', 'Greatest distance dribbling a field hockey ball in three minutes (team)' · recall

  6. Hockey was only part of a programme that ran across several sports.

    Source: The Peninsula (Qatar), 'Pakistanis make six Guinness records in one day', 13 March 2013 · recall

  7. A local news column ran the feat under the heading 'Say what?'.

    Source: Explore Clarion, 'Say what? Man balances field hockey stick on one finger for 3 hours 35 minutes', August 2021 · recall

  8. March 2013, August 2021, October 2021.

    Source: Guinness World Records: 'Most field hockey stick touches in one minute', 'Most field hockey passes in one minute (team)', 'Greatest distance dribbling a field hockey ball in three minutes (team)' · recall

  9. 43, 255, 979.2.

    Source: Guinness World Records: 'Most field hockey stick touches in one minute', 'Most field hockey passes in one minute (team)', 'Greatest distance dribbling a field hockey ball in three minutes (team)' · recall

  10. The record came from Chennai, in the south-east.

    Source: Guinness World Records: 'Most field hockey stick touches in one minute', 'Most field hockey passes in one minute (team)', 'Greatest distance dribbling a field hockey ball in three minutes (team)' · applied

2.23The Olympic Medal Table

Who has what, once every Games to 2024 has been added up.

Test 1The Olympic medal tableTake a test

  1. That is eight gold, six silver and six bronze.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' (olympedia.org/sports/HOC), all-time medal table to 2024 · recall

  2. But with just 13 medals in all, it ranks second on the table.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' (olympedia.org/sports/HOC), all-time medal table to 2024 · recall

  3. With four gold and two silver, that also adds up to 13.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' (olympedia.org/sports/HOC), all-time medal table to 2024 · recall

  4. Its women took two, in 1988 and 1996, and its men added one in 2000.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' (olympedia.org/sports/HOC), all-time medal table to 2024 · recall

  5. Zimbabwe is the only other country with the same record.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' (olympedia.org/sports/HOC), all-time medal table to 2024 · recall

  6. Only 19 of them appear on the medal table.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' (olympedia.org/sports/HOC), all-time medal table to 2024 · recall

  7. The Soviet Union has the same pair of bronzes.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' (olympedia.org/sports/HOC), all-time medal table to 2024 · recall

  8. 3, 8, 12, 20.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' (olympedia.org/sports/HOC), all-time medal table to 2024 · recall

  9. 1, 3, 4, 8.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' (olympedia.org/sports/HOC), all-time medal table to 2024 · recall

  10. New Zealand beat Australia in that final, and has not been on the podium since.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' (olympedia.org/sports/HOC), all-time medal table to 2024 · applied

2.24The Three-Gold Club

Only a small group has won Olympic hockey gold three times, and most of them are Indian.

Test 1Triple Olympic championsTake a test

  1. All of them won in the run between 1928 and 1964.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' (olympedia.org/sports/HOC), most successful competitors · recall

  2. Two are Dutch and one, Rechelle Hawkes, is Australian.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' (olympedia.org/sports/HOC), most successful competitors · recall

  3. Both played for the Netherlands, the leading women's team.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' (olympedia.org/sports/HOC), most successful competitors · recall

  4. Three golds plus a silver, the silver coming at Rome in 1960.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' (olympedia.org/sports/HOC), most successful competitors · recall

  5. He played alongside Dhyan Chand at all three Games.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' (olympedia.org/sports/HOC), most successful competitors · recall

  6. He won all three of his golds for India, in 1948, 1952 and 1956.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' (olympedia.org/sports/HOC), most successful competitors · recall

  7. He was 31 at that final and was still playing in tours after the war.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' (olympedia.org/sports/HOC), most successful competitors · recall

  8. 1928, 1948, 1988, 2008 at the Olympics.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' (olympedia.org/sports/HOC), most successful competitors · recall

  9. 1928, 1952, 1988, 2008.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' (olympedia.org/sports/HOC), most successful competitors · recall

  10. Welten and de Goede, with Australia's Hawkes the only other woman on the list.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' (olympedia.org/sports/HOC), most successful competitors · applied

2.25India's Winning Run

Thirty straight Olympic wins, and some scorelines that have never been matched.

Test 1India's Olympic winning runTake a test

  1. Six straight titles came with it.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' and 'Balbir Singh, Sr.'; bharatiyahockey.org, 'Golden Olympic Moments: 1936'; Guinness World Records, 'Most goals scored by an individual in an Olympic hockey final (male)' · recall

  2. Five matches, and only one goal conceded.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' and 'Balbir Singh, Sr.'; bharatiyahockey.org, 'Golden Olympic Moments: 1936'; Guinness World Records, 'Most goals scored by an individual in an Olympic hockey final (male)' · recall

  3. The results before it were 4-0, 7-0 and 9-0.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' and 'Balbir Singh, Sr.'; bharatiyahockey.org, 'Golden Olympic Moments: 1936'; Guinness World Records, 'Most goals scored by an individual in an Olympic hockey final (male)' · recall

  4. That loss caused alarm, and a forward was flown in before the semi-final.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' and 'Balbir Singh, Sr.'; bharatiyahockey.org, 'Golden Olympic Moments: 1936'; Guinness World Records, 'Most goals scored by an individual in an Olympic hockey final (male)' · recall

  5. It was the largest crowd for an Olympic hockey match up to then.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' and 'Balbir Singh, Sr.'; bharatiyahockey.org, 'Golden Olympic Moments: 1936'; Guinness World Records, 'Most goals scored by an individual in an Olympic hockey final (male)' · recall

  6. He led all the scorers at those Games by a distance.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' and 'Balbir Singh, Sr.'; bharatiyahockey.org, 'Golden Olympic Moments: 1936'; Guinness World Records, 'Most goals scored by an individual in an Olympic hockey final (male)' · recall

  7. After a clash with the German keeper he had first aid and came back on.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' and 'Balbir Singh, Sr.'; bharatiyahockey.org, 'Golden Olympic Moments: 1936'; Guinness World Records, 'Most goals scored by an individual in an Olympic hockey final (male)' · recall

  8. 4, 7, 9, 10.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' and 'Balbir Singh, Sr.'; bharatiyahockey.org, 'Golden Olympic Moments: 1936'; Guinness World Records, 'Most goals scored by an individual in an Olympic hockey final (male)' · recall

  9. 5, 13, 30, 38.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' and 'Balbir Singh, Sr.'; bharatiyahockey.org, 'Golden Olympic Moments: 1936'; Guinness World Records, 'Most goals scored by an individual in an Olympic hockey final (male)' · recall

  10. Finland's capital staged it in 1952.

    Source: Olympedia, 'Hockey' and 'Balbir Singh, Sr.'; bharatiyahockey.org, 'Golden Olympic Moments: 1936'; Guinness World Records, 'Most goals scored by an individual in an Olympic hockey final (male)' · applied

2.26Wembley's Hockey Crowds

For decades, England's women packed the national football stadium with schoolgirls.

Test 1Wembley's hockey crowdsTake a test

  1. It lists the match of 11 March 1978.

    Source: The Hockey Museum, 'The Queen attends Wembley, 1981' and 'Wembley: a family affair' (hockeymuseum.org); Guinness World Records, 'Largest attendance at a field hockey match' · recall

  2. Wembley, London, was the venue.

    Source: The Hockey Museum, 'The Queen attends Wembley, 1981' and 'Wembley: a family affair' (hockeymuseum.org); Guinness World Records, 'Largest attendance at a field hockey match' · recall

  3. Coaches brought school parties in from all over the country.

    Source: The Hockey Museum, 'The Queen attends Wembley, 1981' and 'Wembley: a family affair' (hockeymuseum.org); Guinness World Records, 'Largest attendance at a field hockey match' · recall

  4. About 62,000 were there that day.

    Source: The Hockey Museum, 'The Queen attends Wembley, 1981' and 'Wembley: a family affair' (hockeymuseum.org); Guinness World Records, 'Largest attendance at a field hockey match' · recall

  5. Many former players and officials attended the lunch beforehand.

    Source: The Hockey Museum, 'The Queen attends Wembley, 1981' and 'Wembley: a family affair' (hockeymuseum.org); Guinness World Records, 'Largest attendance at a field hockey match' · recall

  6. The presidents of the English and Welsh women's associations rode with her.

    Source: The Hockey Museum, 'The Queen attends Wembley, 1981' and 'Wembley: a family affair' (hockeymuseum.org); Guinness World Records, 'Largest attendance at a field hockey match' · recall

  7. Mary Russell Vick, by then, was the President of the women's association.

    Source: The Hockey Museum, 'The Queen attends Wembley, 1981' and 'Wembley: a family affair' (hockeymuseum.org); Guinness World Records, 'Largest attendance at a field hockey match' · recall

  8. 1951, 1972, 1978, 1981.

    Source: The Hockey Museum, 'The Queen attends Wembley, 1981' and 'Wembley: a family affair' (hockeymuseum.org); Guinness World Records, 'Largest attendance at a field hockey match' · recall

  9. 19 November 1979, 28 January 1981, 23 March 1981.

    Source: The Hockey Museum, 'The Queen attends Wembley, 1981' and 'Wembley: a family affair' (hockeymuseum.org); Guinness World Records, 'Largest attendance at a field hockey match' · recall

  10. After men's football, the hockey match was among the biggest crowds the stadium drew each year.

    Source: The Hockey Museum, 'The Queen attends Wembley, 1981' and 'Wembley: a family affair' (hockeymuseum.org); Guinness World Records, 'Largest attendance at a field hockey match' · applied

2.27The Most-Capped

More than 400 matches for a country: the small group that has done it.

Test 1The most-capped playersTake a test

  1. It was in the EuroHockey Championships, against England.

    Source: FIH, 'John-John Dohmen breaks Teun de Nooijer's record', August 2023 (fih.hockey); FIH, 'Natascha Keller calls it a day' · recall

  2. The Dutchman's mark had stood for more than a decade.

    Source: FIH, 'John-John Dohmen breaks Teun de Nooijer's record', August 2023 (fih.hockey); FIH, 'Natascha Keller calls it a day' · recall

  3. He was 35 when the record fell.

    Source: FIH, 'John-John Dohmen breaks Teun de Nooijer's record', August 2023 (fih.hockey); FIH, 'Natascha Keller calls it a day' · recall

  4. He played for England and Great Britain.

    Source: FIH, 'John-John Dohmen breaks Teun de Nooijer's record', August 2023 (fih.hockey); FIH, 'Natascha Keller calls it a day' · recall

  5. The defender from Odisha later led the national federation.

    Source: FIH, 'John-John Dohmen breaks Teun de Nooijer's record', August 2023 (fih.hockey); FIH, 'Natascha Keller calls it a day' · recall

  6. Totals like hers show why the two formats need to be read apart.

    Source: FIH, 'John-John Dohmen breaks Teun de Nooijer's record', August 2023 (fih.hockey); FIH, 'Natascha Keller calls it a day' · recall

  7. He went out with an Olympic silver medal.

    Source: FIH, 'John-John Dohmen breaks Teun de Nooijer's record', August 2023 (fih.hockey); FIH, 'Natascha Keller calls it a day' · recall

  8. 401, 410, 412, 427, 432, 454.

    Source: FIH, 'John-John Dohmen breaks Teun de Nooijer's record', August 2023 (fih.hockey); FIH, 'Natascha Keller calls it a day' · recall

  9. 2004, 2012, 2016, 2023.

    Source: FIH, 'John-John Dohmen breaks Teun de Nooijer's record', August 2023 (fih.hockey); FIH, 'Natascha Keller calls it a day' · recall

  10. Dohmen was part of the Belgian team that won the world and Olympic titles.

    Source: FIH, 'John-John Dohmen breaks Teun de Nooijer's record', August 2023 (fih.hockey); FIH, 'Natascha Keller calls it a day' · applied

2.28Young, Old and Long-Lived

The oldest, youngest and longest-lived names in the game's record books.

Test 1Young, old and long-livedTake a test

  1. To be exact, 41 years and 249 days.

    Source: Guinness World Records, 'Oldest Olympic hockey player (female)'; The Himalayan Times and Dawn on Feroze Khan; Claro Sports on Zoe Díaz; bharatiyahockey.org; FIH on Balbir Singh Sr, Dohmen · recall

  2. He had lived in Pakistan after partition and reached 100.

    Source: Guinness World Records, 'Oldest Olympic hockey player (female)'; The Himalayan Times and Dawn on Feroze Khan; Claro Sports on Zoe Díaz; bharatiyahockey.org; FIH on Balbir Singh Sr, Dohmen · recall

  3. She was precisely 18 years and 70 days.

    Source: Guinness World Records, 'Oldest Olympic hockey player (female)'; The Himalayan Times and Dawn on Feroze Khan; Claro Sports on Zoe Díaz; bharatiyahockey.org; FIH on Balbir Singh Sr, Dohmen · recall

  4. He had emigrated from India to England in 1956.

    Source: Guinness World Records, 'Oldest Olympic hockey player (female)'; The Himalayan Times and Dawn on Feroze Khan; Claro Sports on Zoe Díaz; bharatiyahockey.org; FIH on Balbir Singh Sr, Dohmen · recall

  5. Hospital updates on his health had been followed all over India.

    Source: Guinness World Records, 'Oldest Olympic hockey player (female)'; The Himalayan Times and Dawn on Feroze Khan; Claro Sports on Zoe Díaz; bharatiyahockey.org; FIH on Balbir Singh Sr, Dohmen · recall

  6. She was no medallist that year, but the record is about age, not results.

    Source: Guinness World Records, 'Oldest Olympic hockey player (female)'; The Himalayan Times and Dawn on Feroze Khan; Claro Sports on Zoe Díaz; bharatiyahockey.org; FIH on Balbir Singh Sr, Dohmen · recall

  7. Almost two decades in a national shirt.

    Source: Guinness World Records, 'Oldest Olympic hockey player (female)'; The Himalayan Times and Dawn on Feroze Khan; Claro Sports on Zoe Díaz; bharatiyahockey.org; FIH on Balbir Singh Sr, Dohmen · recall

  8. 16, 18, 41, 95.

    Source: Guinness World Records, 'Oldest Olympic hockey player (female)'; The Himalayan Times and Dawn on Feroze Khan; Claro Sports on Zoe Díaz; bharatiyahockey.org; FIH on Balbir Singh Sr, Dohmen · recall

  9. 1928, 1936, 1948, 2024.

    Source: Guinness World Records, 'Oldest Olympic hockey player (female)'; The Himalayan Times and Dawn on Feroze Khan; Claro Sports on Zoe Díaz; bharatiyahockey.org; FIH on Balbir Singh Sr, Dohmen · recall

  10. Guinness has a similar record for ice hockey, so the two are easily mixed up.

    Source: Guinness World Records, 'Oldest Olympic hockey player (female)'; The Himalayan Times and Dawn on Feroze Khan; Claro Sports on Zoe Díaz; bharatiyahockey.org; FIH on Balbir Singh Sr, Dohmen · applied

2.29Counting the Titles

Who has lifted most trophies, event by event, by the most recent counts.

Test 1Counting the titlesTake a test

  1. It is the leading Dutch club of the competition's first two decades.

    Source: Olympics.com and FIH tournament pages; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; EuroHockey and Commonwealth Sport records; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025 · recall

  2. India follows on five and Pakistan on three.

    Source: Olympics.com and FIH tournament pages; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; EuroHockey and Commonwealth Sport records; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025 · recall

  3. It has won that title eleven times.

    Source: Olympics.com and FIH tournament pages; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; EuroHockey and Commonwealth Sport records; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025 · recall

  4. Sources put the count between 13 and 15, depending on when they were written.

    Source: Olympics.com and FIH tournament pages; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; EuroHockey and Commonwealth Sport records; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025 · recall

  5. Australia was close behind with six.

    Source: Olympics.com and FIH tournament pages; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; EuroHockey and Commonwealth Sport records; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025 · recall

  6. It beat South Korea 3-2 in Ipoh, for a title decades in the coming.

    Source: Olympics.com and FIH tournament pages; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; EuroHockey and Commonwealth Sport records; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025 · recall

  7. It was the first time the Red Lions had taken this trophy home.

    Source: Olympics.com and FIH tournament pages; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; EuroHockey and Commonwealth Sport records; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025 · recall

  8. 1, 3, 5, 10.

    Source: Olympics.com and FIH tournament pages; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; EuroHockey and Commonwealth Sport records; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025 · recall

  9. 1967, 1970, 1978, 1998.

    Source: Olympics.com and FIH tournament pages; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; EuroHockey and Commonwealth Sport records; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025 · recall

  10. The host nation finally won its own tournament, after decades of trying.

    Source: Olympics.com and FIH tournament pages; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; EuroHockey and Commonwealth Sport records; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025 · applied

2.30The Hockey Museum in Numbers

The world's only museum of the game, in Woking, and what it keeps.

Test 1The Hockey MuseumTake a test

  1. It stands in Surrey, not far from the old heartland of the English game.

    Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Our charity' and collection pages (hockeymuseum.org); Surrey Museums; Museums Association, 'Museum of hockey', 2020; Sporting Heritage · recall

  2. It celebrates, preserves and researches the history of the sport.

    Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Our charity' and collection pages (hockeymuseum.org); Surrey Museums; Museums Association, 'Museum of hockey', 2020; Sporting Heritage · recall

  3. Stamps from many countries show that hockey's fame travelled far.

    Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Our charity' and collection pages (hockeymuseum.org); Surrey Museums; Museums Association, 'Museum of hockey', 2020; Sporting Heritage · recall

  4. An older article reported more than 50,000.

    Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Our charity' and collection pages (hockeymuseum.org); Surrey Museums; Museums Association, 'Museum of hockey', 2020; Sporting Heritage · recall

  5. That is before the Hockey Association of 1886 itself.

    Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Our charity' and collection pages (hockeymuseum.org); Surrey Museums; Museums Association, 'Museum of hockey', 2020; Sporting Heritage · recall

  6. They are mostly English and British.

    Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Our charity' and collection pages (hockeymuseum.org); Surrey Museums; Museums Association, 'Museum of hockey', 2020; Sporting Heritage · recall

  7. It later became the founding board of the charitable trust.

    Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Willesden 1986: the World Cup that changed English hockey' (hockeymuseum.org) · recall

  8. About 2,000, more than 50,000, about 80,000.

    Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Our charity' and collection pages (hockeymuseum.org); Surrey Museums; Museums Association, 'Museum of hockey', 2020; Sporting Heritage · recall

  9. The 1870s, the 1930s, and the 1986 World Cup recollected decades later.

    Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Our charity' and collection pages (hockeymuseum.org); Surrey Museums; Museums Association, 'Museum of hockey', 2020; Sporting Heritage · recall

  10. It is called the largest collection of hockey stamps in the world.

    Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Our charity' and collection pages (hockeymuseum.org); Surrey Museums; Museums Association, 'Museum of hockey', 2020; Sporting Heritage · applied

Sources

Primary/official sources only, no Wikipedia citations: the FIH and its continental federations, national associations, The Hockey Museum, the Olympic Channel and Olympedia, Guinness World Records, clubs' and makers' own histories, museums and named reputable media.

  • Olympedia, 'Hockey' (olympedia.org/sports/HOC), all-time medal table to 202410
  • Olympedia, 'Hockey' (olympedia.org/sports/HOC), most successful competitors10
  • Olympedia, 'Hockey' and 'Balbir Singh, Sr.'; bharatiyahockey.org, 'Golden Olympic Moments: 1936'; Guinness World Records, 'Most goals scored by an individual in an Olympic hockey final (male)'10
  • The Hockey Museum, 'The Queen attends Wembley, 1981' and 'Wembley: a family affair' (hockeymuseum.org); Guinness World Records, 'Largest attendance at a field hockey match'10
  • FIH, 'John-John Dohmen breaks Teun de Nooijer's record', August 2023 (fih.hockey); FIH, 'Natascha Keller calls it a day'10
  • Guinness World Records, 'Oldest Olympic hockey player (female)'; The Himalayan Times and Dawn on Feroze Khan; Claro Sports on Zoe Díaz; bharatiyahockey.org; FIH on Balbir Singh Sr, Dohmen10
  • Olympics.com and FIH tournament pages; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; EuroHockey and Commonwealth Sport records; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 202510
  • The Hockey Museum, 'Our charity' and collection pages (hockeymuseum.org); Surrey Museums; Museums Association, 'Museum of hockey', 2020; Sporting Heritage9
  • Guinness World Records: 'Most field hockey stick touches in one minute', 'Most field hockey passes in one minute (team)', 'Greatest distance dribbling a field hockey ball in three minutes (team)'8
  • FIH, 'Guinness World Record set for longest hockey match', 3 November 2011 (fih.hockey)5
  • Guinness World Records, 'Longest marathon playing field hockey' and 'Longest marathon playing indoor field hockey'3
  • Guinness World Records, 'Longest marathon playing field hockey' and 'Longest marathon playing indoor field hockey'; FIH2
  • The Peninsula (Qatar), 'Pakistanis make six Guinness records in one day', 13 March 20131
  • Explore Clarion, 'Say what? Man balances field hockey stick on one finger for 3 hours 35 minutes', August 20211
  • The Hockey Museum, 'Willesden 1986: the World Cup that changed English hockey' (hockeymuseum.org)1