Where did the Champions Trophy start?

In Lahore. Pakistan hosted the first edition and won it, and the event was the idea of a Pakistani air marshal, as the World Cup had been.

What replaced the Champions Trophy?

A league, which began in 2019. The Champions Trophy had lasted forty years as an invitation event.

Who decided the gold medal at the 1958 Asian Games?

Goals. It was a round-robin with no final, and Pakistan's 19-0 goal record beat India's 16 for and 1 against. Pakistan, India, Japan, South Korea and Malaya all played each other.

When did hockey join the Commonwealth Games?

At Kuala Lumpur, where netball, rugby sevens and cricket came on board too. Australia swept both titles at that first event, and Scottish Hockey noted that the sport had been part of every Games since 1998.

When did the Pan American Games start hockey?

The men began in 1967 in Winnipeg and the women in 1987, in Indianapolis. From 1967 on, no other team has come close in the Americas.

Where were the first European Championships held?

The men's first edition was in Brussels in 1970, and the women's was in Lille from 3 to 13 May 1984.

What was special about the 1986 World Cup at Willesden?

It was held in north-west London, and the home team reached the final on an artificial pitch. Grass had still been part of the World Cup picture until then.

What made the Utrecht 1998 World Cup unusual?

It was the first time the two World Cups shared a place and time. It was also reported from a laptop, with dial-up internet and floppy disks, when hand-coded websites were still a novelty.

Field Hockey · Interesting Facts

Chapter 3: Tournaments

10 parts · 10 tests · 100 facts · updated 31 October 2026 · markdown

Chapter 3 tells how field hockey's major tournaments began. The Champions Trophy was an invitation event born in Lahore: Pakistan hosted the first edition and won it, and it was a Pakistani air marshal's idea, as the World Cup had been. It lasted forty years before a league began in 2019. The Sultan Azlan Shah Cup is a Malaysian invitation event named after a king who loved the game, the ninth Yang di-Pertuan Agong, and its opening edition was at the Tun Razak Stadium in the capital.

The first Asian Games hockey, in Tokyo in May 1958, was played by men only: Pakistan, India, Japan, South Korea and Malaya all played each other, and with no final the goals decided gold, Pakistan's 19-0 beating India's 16-1. Hockey joined the Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, where Australia swept both titles, and was later left out in Glasgow. The Pan American Games began in Winnipeg, and the first Euros were in Brussels in 1970 for men and Lille in 1984 for women.

The chapter ends with youth events and two World Cups: the Junior World Cups, the Sultan of Johor Cup for under-21 men, Willesden 1986 on an artificial pitch, and Utrecht 1998, reported from a laptop with floppy disks.

The facts below cover the Champions Trophy, the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup, the 1958 Asian Games, the Commonwealth Games, the Pan American Games, the first European Championships, the Junior World Cups, the Sultan of Johor Cup, Willesden 1986 and Utrecht 1998.

3.31The Champions Trophy

An invitation event born in Lahore that lasted forty years, then gave way to a league.

Test 1The Champions TrophyTake a test

Pakistan hosted the first edition and won it too.
Source: FIH tournament records for the Champions Trophy, tms.fih.ch, editions of 1978, 1987 and 2018; Dawn and The News (Pakistan) on the event's founding · recall
It was a Pakistani air marshal's idea, as the World Cup had been.
Source: FIH tournament records for the Champions Trophy, tms.fih.ch, editions of 1978, 1987 and 2018; Dawn and The News (Pakistan) on the event's founding · recall
Amstelveen staged it from 21 to 28 June.
Source: FIH tournament records for the Champions Trophy, tms.fih.ch, editions of 1978, 1987 and 2018; Dawn and The News (Pakistan) on the event's founding · recall
Australia finished as runners-up.
Source: FIH tournament records for the Champions Trophy, tms.fih.ch, editions of 1978, 1987 and 2018; Dawn and The News (Pakistan) on the event's founding · recall
The league began the next year, in 2019.
Source: FIH tournament records for the Champions Trophy, tms.fih.ch, editions of 1978, 1987 and 2018; Dawn and The News (Pakistan) on the event's founding · recall
Counting both the 21st and the 28th of June, the first women's tournament ran for eight days.
Source: FIH tournament records for the Champions Trophy, tms.fih.ch, editions of 1978, 1987 and 2018; Dawn and The News (Pakistan) on the event's founding · recall
After 1-1 at full time, Australia took the shoot-out 3-1.
Source: FIH tournament records for the Champions Trophy, tms.fih.ch, editions of 1978, 1987 and 2018; Dawn and The News (Pakistan) on the event's founding · recall
1978, 1987, 2018, 2019.
Source: FIH tournament records for the Champions Trophy, tms.fih.ch, editions of 1978, 1987 and 2018; Dawn and The News (Pakistan) on the event's founding · recall
1978, 1987, 2018.
Source: FIH tournament records for the Champions Trophy, tms.fih.ch, editions of 1978, 1987 and 2018; Dawn and The News (Pakistan) on the event's founding · recall
Hosts and winners: a first title for the country that had thought up the event.
Source: FIH tournament records for the Champions Trophy, tms.fih.ch, editions of 1978, 1987 and 2018; Dawn and The News (Pakistan) on the event's founding · applied

3.32The Sultan's Cup

A Malaysian invitation event named after a king who loved the game.

Test 1The Sultan Azlan Shah CupTake a test

It ran from 22 to 28 August that year.
Source: FIH, '25th Sultan Azlan Shah Cup under way'; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; ARY News, 'History of the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup' · recall
The opening edition was at the Tun Razak Stadium, in the capital.
Source: FIH, '25th Sultan Azlan Shah Cup under way'; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; ARY News, 'History of the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup' · recall
Pakistan came second and India third.
Source: FIH, '25th Sultan Azlan Shah Cup under way'; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; ARY News, 'History of the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup' · recall
The stadium there carries the Sultan's own name.
Source: FIH, '25th Sultan Azlan Shah Cup under way'; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; ARY News, 'History of the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup' · recall
He was the ninth Yang di-Pertuan Agong, and a keen supporter of the game.
Source: FIH, '25th Sultan Azlan Shah Cup under way'; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; ARY News, 'History of the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup' · recall
It set off celebrations reaching as high as the palace.
Source: FIH, '25th Sultan Azlan Shah Cup under way'; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; ARY News, 'History of the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup' · recall
It has been held nearly every year since around the turn of the century.
Source: FIH, '25th Sultan Azlan Shah Cup under way'; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; ARY News, 'History of the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup' · recall
1983, 2007, 2022, 2025.
Source: FIH, '25th Sultan Azlan Shah Cup under way'; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; ARY News, 'History of the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup' · recall
First, second and third in 1983.
Source: FIH, '25th Sultan Azlan Shah Cup under way'; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; ARY News, 'History of the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup' · recall
It was Malaysia's first title in its own event, four decades after it began.
Source: FIH, '25th Sultan Azlan Shah Cup under way'; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; ARY News, 'History of the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup' · applied

3.33Tokyo 1958

The first Asian Games hockey ended with no goals in the decider, and a title settled by arithmetic.

Test 1Asian Games hockey, Tokyo 1958Take a test

It was played that May, for men only.
Source: Nukta, 'Pakistan's gold at the 1958 Asian Games'; Olympics.com, 'Asian Games hockey champions' · recall
Pakistan, India, Japan, South Korea and Malaya all played each other.
Source: Nukta, 'Pakistan's gold at the 1958 Asian Games'; Olympics.com, 'Asian Games hockey champions' · recall
Pakistan had the better of it but missed the chances.
Source: Nukta, 'Pakistan's gold at the 1958 Asian Games'; Olympics.com, 'Asian Games hockey champions' · recall
With a round-robin and no final, the numbers decided who took gold.
Source: Nukta, 'Pakistan's gold at the 1958 Asian Games'; Olympics.com, 'Asian Games hockey champions' · recall
India's figures were 16 for and one against.
Source: Nukta, 'Pakistan's gold at the 1958 Asian Games'; Olympics.com, 'Asian Games hockey champions' · recall
It followed a challenge in a very rough game.
Source: Nukta, 'Pakistan's gold at the 1958 Asian Games'; Olympics.com, 'Asian Games hockey champions' · recall
Omar Hayat is the name given in the Nukta account of the day.
Source: Nukta, 'Pakistan's gold at the 1958 Asian Games'; Olympics.com, 'Asian Games hockey champions' · recall
5-0, 6-0, 8-0.
Source: Nukta, 'Pakistan's gold at the 1958 Asian Games'; Olympics.com, 'Asian Games hockey champions' · recall
1958, 1982, 2023.
Source: Nukta, 'Pakistan's gold at the 1958 Asian Games'; Olympics.com, 'Asian Games hockey champions' · recall
The missed chances did not matter: 19-0 on goals beat India's 16-1.
Source: Nukta, 'Pakistan's gold at the 1958 Asian Games'; Olympics.com, 'Asian Games hockey champions' · applied

3.34The Commonwealth Games

Hockey joined the Games in Kuala Lumpur, and was left out in Glasgow.

Test 1Hockey at the Commonwealth GamesTake a test

Netball, rugby sevens and cricket came on board at the same Games.
Source: Commonwealth Games Australia, 'Firsts and records at Kuala Lumpur'; Scottish Hockey and FIH statements on Glasgow 2026, October 2024; Team England, 'Kuala Lumpur 1998' · recall
The hosts were beaten 4-0.
Source: Commonwealth Games Australia, 'Firsts and records at Kuala Lumpur'; Scottish Hockey and FIH statements on Glasgow 2026, October 2024; Team England, 'Kuala Lumpur 1998' · recall
Australia swept both titles at that first event.
Source: Commonwealth Games Australia, 'Firsts and records at Kuala Lumpur'; Scottish Hockey and FIH statements on Glasgow 2026, October 2024; Team England, 'Kuala Lumpur 1998' · recall
It did not stop Australia going on to the gold.
Source: Commonwealth Games Australia, 'Firsts and records at Kuala Lumpur'; Scottish Hockey and FIH statements on Glasgow 2026, October 2024; Team England, 'Kuala Lumpur 1998' · recall
That had been water polo, so the door had stayed shut for 48 years.
Source: Commonwealth Games Australia, 'Firsts and records at Kuala Lumpur'; Scottish Hockey and FIH statements on Glasgow 2026, October 2024; Team England, 'Kuala Lumpur 1998' · recall
Scottish Hockey noted it had been part of every Games since 1998.
Source: Commonwealth Games Australia, 'Firsts and records at Kuala Lumpur'; Scottish Hockey and FIH statements on Glasgow 2026, October 2024; Team England, 'Kuala Lumpur 1998' · recall
Glasgow stepped in late on a tight budget after the Australian state pulled out.
Source: Commonwealth Games Australia, 'Firsts and records at Kuala Lumpur'; Scottish Hockey and FIH statements on Glasgow 2026, October 2024; Team England, 'Kuala Lumpur 1998' · recall
1950, 1998, 2024, 2026.
Source: Commonwealth Games Australia, 'Firsts and records at Kuala Lumpur'; Scottish Hockey and FIH statements on Glasgow 2026, October 2024; Team England, 'Kuala Lumpur 1998' · recall
One goal, four goals, seven goals.
Source: Commonwealth Games Australia, 'Firsts and records at Kuala Lumpur'; Scottish Hockey and FIH statements on Glasgow 2026, October 2024; Team England, 'Kuala Lumpur 1998' · recall
England went down 8-1 to Australia in Kuala Lumpur.
Source: Commonwealth Games Australia, 'Firsts and records at Kuala Lumpur'; Scottish Hockey and FIH statements on Glasgow 2026, October 2024; Team England, 'Kuala Lumpur 1998' · applied

3.35The Pan American Games

From the first tournament in Winnipeg to Argentina's long rule.

Test 1Hockey at the Pan American GamesTake a test

Hockey joined the Games that summer, in Manitoba.
Source: University of Manitoba, '1967 Pan Am Games'; Diario Jornada, 'Los Leones se llevaron el oro de Toronto'; Pan American Hockey Federation records · recall
It may surprise today, but the Caribbean side was a strong one.
Source: University of Manitoba, '1967 Pan Am Games'; Diario Jornada, 'Los Leones se llevaron el oro de Toronto'; Pan American Hockey Federation records · recall
American hockey was far stronger among its women at the time.
Source: University of Manitoba, '1967 Pan Am Games'; Diario Jornada, 'Los Leones se llevaron el oro de Toronto'; Pan American Hockey Federation records · recall
From 1967 on, no other team has come close in the Americas.
Source: University of Manitoba, '1967 Pan Am Games'; Diario Jornada, 'Los Leones se llevaron el oro de Toronto'; Pan American Hockey Federation records · recall
The men began in 1967, the women in 1987.
Source: University of Manitoba, '1967 Pan Am Games'; Diario Jornada, 'Los Leones se llevaron el oro de Toronto'; Pan American Hockey Federation records · recall
Indianapolis staged the first women's event, in 1987.
Source: University of Manitoba, '1967 Pan Am Games'; Diario Jornada, 'Los Leones se llevaron el oro de Toronto'; Pan American Hockey Federation records · recall
Its capital hosted the Games again in 1999.
Source: University of Manitoba, '1967 Pan Am Games'; Diario Jornada, 'Los Leones se llevaron el oro de Toronto'; Pan American Hockey Federation records · recall
1967, 1987, 1999.
Source: University of Manitoba, '1967 Pan Am Games'; Diario Jornada, 'Los Leones se llevaron el oro de Toronto'; Pan American Hockey Federation records · recall
Argentina took gold, Trinidad and Tobago silver and the United States bronze, in that order.
Source: University of Manitoba, '1967 Pan Am Games'; Diario Jornada, 'Los Leones se llevaron el oro de Toronto'; Pan American Hockey Federation records · recall
From Los Leones to Las Leonas, the same shirts have led the Americas.
Source: University of Manitoba, '1967 Pan Am Games'; Diario Jornada, 'Los Leones se llevaron el oro de Toronto'; Pan American Hockey Federation records · applied

3.36The First Euros

Brussels 1970 for the men and Lille 1984 for the women: how Europe got its titles.

Test 1The first European ChampionshipsTake a test

It ran from 19 to 27 September.
Source: EuroHockey, 'History' (eurohockey2015.co.uk/the-event/history); FIH tournament records for the first EuroHockey Championships, tms.fih.ch · recall
It started a long run of German strength in the event.
Source: EuroHockey, 'History' (eurohockey2015.co.uk/the-event/history); FIH tournament records for the first EuroHockey Championships, tms.fih.ch · recall
It finished 3-1 in the Belgian capital.
Source: EuroHockey, 'History' (eurohockey2015.co.uk/the-event/history); FIH tournament records for the first EuroHockey Championships, tms.fih.ch · recall
It came fourteen years after the men's first edition.
Source: EuroHockey, 'History' (eurohockey2015.co.uk/the-event/history); FIH tournament records for the first EuroHockey Championships, tms.fih.ch · recall
It ran from 3 to 13 May 1984.
Source: EuroHockey, 'History' (eurohockey2015.co.uk/the-event/history); FIH tournament records for the first EuroHockey Championships, tms.fih.ch · recall
It was the first of many.
Source: EuroHockey, 'History' (eurohockey2015.co.uk/the-event/history); FIH tournament records for the first EuroHockey Championships, tms.fih.ch · recall
The Soviet women had already taken an Olympic bronze in 1980.
Source: EuroHockey, 'History' (eurohockey2015.co.uk/the-event/history); FIH tournament records for the first EuroHockey Championships, tms.fih.ch · recall
The Netherlands won, the Soviet Union were the surprise runners-up and West Germany took bronze.
Source: EuroHockey, 'History' (eurohockey2015.co.uk/the-event/history); FIH tournament records for the first EuroHockey Championships, tms.fih.ch · recall
1970, 1984, 2007.
Source: EuroHockey, 'History' (eurohockey2015.co.uk/the-event/history); FIH tournament records for the first EuroHockey Championships, tms.fih.ch · recall
The Netherlands were beaten in the final, in neutral Brussels.
Source: EuroHockey, 'History' (eurohockey2015.co.uk/the-event/history); FIH tournament records for the first EuroHockey Championships, tms.fih.ch · applied

3.37The Junior World Cups

Under-21 hockey has its own World Cup, and a surprise first champion.

Test 1The Junior World CupsTake a test

A palace town became the unlikely birthplace of the event.
Source: FIH tournament records for the Junior World Cups, tms.fih.ch (1979 and 1989); Dawn, on Pakistan's 1979 title · recall
A decade separated it from the boys' Versailles event.
Source: FIH tournament records for the Junior World Cups, tms.fih.ch (1979 and 1989); Dawn, on Pakistan's 1979 title · recall
It would remain that country's only title in the event.
Source: FIH tournament records for the Junior World Cups, tms.fih.ch (1979 and 1989); Dawn, on Pakistan's 1979 title · recall
Pakistan won it 2-0.
Source: FIH tournament records for the Junior World Cups, tms.fih.ch (1979 and 1989); Dawn, on Pakistan's 1979 title · recall
It was played at the Nepean Sportsplex in 1989.
Source: FIH tournament records for the Junior World Cups, tms.fih.ch (1979 and 1989); Dawn, on Pakistan's 1979 title · recall
It was the last year but one of West Germany as a country.
Source: FIH tournament records for the Junior World Cups, tms.fih.ch (1979 and 1989); Dawn, on Pakistan's 1979 title · recall
Its senior teams, by comparison, have long lists of honours.
Source: FIH tournament records for the Junior World Cups, tms.fih.ch (1979 and 1989); Dawn, on Pakistan's 1979 title · recall
1979, 1989, 2011.
Source: FIH tournament records for the Junior World Cups, tms.fih.ch (1979 and 1989); Dawn, on Pakistan's 1979 title · recall
Ottawa lies in Canada, furthest west, then Versailles in France, and Johor Bahru in Malaysia lies furthest east.
Source: FIH tournament records for the Junior World Cups, tms.fih.ch (1979 and 1989); Dawn, on Pakistan's 1979 title · recall
A palace outside Paris gave the event its first postmark.
Source: FIH tournament records for the Junior World Cups, tms.fih.ch (1979 and 1989); Dawn, on Pakistan's 1979 title · applied

3.38The Sultan of Johor Cup

A Malaysian tournament for under-21 men, where tomorrow's stars first meet.

Test 1The Sultan of Johor CupTake a test

It has become one of the biggest youth events in the calendar.
Source: Sultan of Johor Cup official site (sultanjohorcup.com); Malaysian Hockey Confederation; Sports Digest, 'Complete list of winners'; The Statesman · recall
It ran from 5 to 12 November.
Source: Sultan of Johor Cup official site (sultanjohorcup.com); Malaysian Hockey Confederation; Sports Digest, 'Complete list of winners'; The Statesman · recall
It lies at the very southern tip of the peninsula, across from Singapore.
Source: Sultan of Johor Cup official site (sultanjohorcup.com); Malaysian Hockey Confederation; Sports Digest, 'Complete list of winners'; The Statesman · recall
It was 2-2 with Australia before the golden goal settled it.
Source: Sultan of Johor Cup official site (sultanjohorcup.com); Malaysian Hockey Confederation; Sports Digest, 'Complete list of winners'; The Statesman · recall
Teams came by invitation, so the line-up changes from year to year.
Source: Sultan of Johor Cup official site (sultanjohorcup.com); Malaysian Hockey Confederation; Sports Digest, 'Complete list of winners'; The Statesman · recall
The 2024 title was among them, with Australia as the runner-up.
Source: Sultan of Johor Cup official site (sultanjohorcup.com); Malaysian Hockey Confederation; Sports Digest, 'Complete list of winners'; The Statesman · recall
Germany, in contrast, won in 2012 and 2023, far apart.
Source: Sultan of Johor Cup official site (sultanjohorcup.com); Malaysian Hockey Confederation; Sports Digest, 'Complete list of winners'; The Statesman · recall
2011, 2012, 2016, 2024.
Source: Sultan of Johor Cup official site (sultanjohorcup.com); Malaysian Hockey Confederation; Sports Digest, 'Complete list of winners'; The Statesman · recall
1983 and 2011, with India's league beginning in 2013.
Source: Sultan of Johor Cup official site (sultanjohorcup.com); Malaysian Hockey Confederation; Sports Digest, 'Complete list of winners'; The Statesman · recall
The first goal in extra time ended it there and then.
Source: Sultan of Johor Cup official site (sultanjohorcup.com); Malaysian Hockey Confederation; Sports Digest, 'Complete list of winners'; The Statesman · applied

3.39Willesden 1986

A World Cup in a corner of north-west London that changed English hockey.

Test 1The 1986 World Cup in LondonTake a test

The home team reached the final on an artificial pitch there.
Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Willesden 1986: the World Cup that changed English hockey' (hockeymuseum.org), 28 October 2026 · recall
Australia's run included 6-0 wins over both Spain and India.
Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Willesden 1986: the World Cup that changed English hockey' (hockeymuseum.org), 28 October 2026 · recall
Grass had still been part of the World Cup picture till then.
Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Willesden 1986: the World Cup that changed English hockey' (hockeymuseum.org), 28 October 2026 · recall
He was then a veteran in Australia's midfield.
Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Willesden 1986: the World Cup that changed English hockey' (hockeymuseum.org), 28 October 2026 · recall
The home crowd saw them survive and go on to the final.
Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Willesden 1986: the World Cup that changed English hockey' (hockeymuseum.org), 28 October 2026 · recall
Their match was a play-off near the bottom of the table.
Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Willesden 1986: the World Cup that changed English hockey' (hockeymuseum.org), 28 October 2026 · recall
South Korea had only just beaten both India and Pakistan to Asian Games gold.
Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Willesden 1986: the World Cup that changed English hockey' (hockeymuseum.org), 28 October 2026 · recall
1984, 1986, 1988, 1995.
Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Willesden 1986: the World Cup that changed English hockey' (hockeymuseum.org), 28 October 2026 · recall
3-1 in the group, then 3-2 and 1-2.
Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Willesden 1986: the World Cup that changed English hockey' (hockeymuseum.org), 28 October 2026 · recall
His saves were a big part of England's run to the final.
Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Willesden 1986: the World Cup that changed English hockey' (hockeymuseum.org), 28 October 2026 · applied

3.40Dial-up at Utrecht

How a World Cup was reported from a laptop in 1998, with floppy disks and free beer.

Test 1The 1998 World Cup at UtrechtTake a test

It was the first time the two World Cups shared a place and time.
Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Dial-up and floppy disks: hockey's digital frontier at the 1998 World Cup' (hockeymuseum.org), 24 September 2026 · recall
It held about twenty photos on just 1.4 MB.
Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Dial-up and floppy disks: hockey's digital frontier at the 1998 World Cup' (hockeymuseum.org), 24 September 2026 · recall
Only four of them posted directly to a website.
Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Dial-up and floppy disks: hockey's digital frontier at the 1998 World Cup' (hockeymuseum.org), 24 September 2026 · recall
Hand-coded websites and dial-up were still a novelty.
Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Dial-up and floppy disks: hockey's digital frontier at the 1998 World Cup' (hockeymuseum.org), 24 September 2026 · recall
He had launched a field hockey website for them the year before.
Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Dial-up and floppy disks: hockey's digital frontier at the 1998 World Cup' (hockeymuseum.org), 24 September 2026 · recall
It sent Canada into the 5th to 8th place round.
Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Dial-up and floppy disks: hockey's digital frontier at the 1998 World Cup' (hockeymuseum.org), 24 September 2026 · recall
The reporter kept a branded beer glass as a souvenir.
Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Dial-up and floppy disks: hockey's digital frontier at the 1998 World Cup' (hockeymuseum.org), 24 September 2026 · recall
1997, 1998, 2000, 2011.
Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Dial-up and floppy disks: hockey's digital frontier at the 1998 World Cup' (hockeymuseum.org), 24 September 2026 · recall
4, about 20, about 250.
Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Dial-up and floppy disks: hockey's digital frontier at the 1998 World Cup' (hockeymuseum.org), 24 September 2026 · recall
The Dutch came in their tens of thousands, and their men went on to win the title.
Source: The Hockey Museum, 'Dial-up and floppy disks: hockey's digital frontier at the 1998 World Cup' (hockeymuseum.org), 24 September 2026 · applied

Questions people ask

Where did the Champions Trophy start?: In Lahore. Pakistan hosted the first edition and won it, and the event was the idea of a Pakistani air marshal, as the World Cup had been.
What replaced the Champions Trophy?: A league, which began in 2019. The Champions Trophy had lasted forty years as an invitation event.
Who decided the gold medal at the 1958 Asian Games?: Goals. It was a round-robin with no final, and Pakistan's 19-0 goal record beat India's 16 for and 1 against. Pakistan, India, Japan, South Korea and Malaya all played each other.
When did hockey join the Commonwealth Games?: At Kuala Lumpur, where netball, rugby sevens and cricket came on board too. Australia swept both titles at that first event, and Scottish Hockey noted that the sport had been part of every Games since 1998.
When did the Pan American Games start hockey?: The men began in 1967 in Winnipeg and the women in 1987, in Indianapolis. From 1967 on, no other team has come close in the Americas.
Where were the first European Championships held?: The men's first edition was in Brussels in 1970, and the women's was in Lille from 3 to 13 May 1984.
What was special about the 1986 World Cup at Willesden?: It was held in north-west London, and the home team reached the final on an artificial pitch. Grass had still been part of the World Cup picture until then.
What made the Utrecht 1998 World Cup unusual?: It was the first time the two World Cups shared a place and time. It was also reported from a laptop, with dial-up internet and floppy disks, when hand-coded websites were still a novelty.

Sources

Primary/official sources only, no Wikipedia citations: the FIH and its continental federations, national associations, The Hockey Museum, the Olympic Channel and Olympedia, Guinness World Records, clubs' and makers' own histories, museums and named reputable media.

FIH tournament records for the Champions Trophy, tms.fih.ch, editions of 1978, 1987 and 2018; Dawn and The News (Pakistan) on the event's founding10
FIH, '25th Sultan Azlan Shah Cup under way'; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; ARY News, 'History of the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup'10
Nukta, 'Pakistan's gold at the 1958 Asian Games'; Olympics.com, 'Asian Games hockey champions'10
Commonwealth Games Australia, 'Firsts and records at Kuala Lumpur'; Scottish Hockey and FIH statements on Glasgow 2026, October 2024; Team England, 'Kuala Lumpur 1998'10
University of Manitoba, '1967 Pan Am Games'; Diario Jornada, 'Los Leones se llevaron el oro de Toronto'; Pan American Hockey Federation records10
EuroHockey, 'History' (eurohockey2015.co.uk/the-event/history); FIH tournament records for the first EuroHockey Championships, tms.fih.ch10
FIH tournament records for the Junior World Cups, tms.fih.ch (1979 and 1989); Dawn, on Pakistan's 1979 title10
Sultan of Johor Cup official site (sultanjohorcup.com); Malaysian Hockey Confederation; Sports Digest, 'Complete list of winners'; The Statesman10
The Hockey Museum, 'Willesden 1986: the World Cup that changed English hockey' (hockeymuseum.org), 28 October 202610
The Hockey Museum, 'Dial-up and floppy disks: hockey's digital frontier at the 1998 World Cup' (hockeymuseum.org), 24 September 202610