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Field Hockey · Интересные факты

Глава 3: Турниры

10 тестов · 100 фактов · обновлено 30 октября 2026 г. · markdown

Cups you may not know, and the odd tales behind the big events.

3.31The Champions Trophy

An invitation event born in Lahore that lasted forty years, then gave way to a league.

Тест 1The Champions TrophyПройти тест

  1. Pakistan hosted the first edition and won it too.

    Источник: FIH tournament records for the Champions Trophy, tms.fih.ch, editions of 1978, 1987 and 2018; Dawn and The News (Pakistan) on the event's founding · знание

  2. It was a Pakistani air marshal's idea, as the World Cup had been.

    Источник: FIH tournament records for the Champions Trophy, tms.fih.ch, editions of 1978, 1987 and 2018; Dawn and The News (Pakistan) on the event's founding · знание

  3. Amstelveen staged it from 21 to 28 June.

    Источник: FIH tournament records for the Champions Trophy, tms.fih.ch, editions of 1978, 1987 and 2018; Dawn and The News (Pakistan) on the event's founding · знание

  4. Australia finished as runners-up.

    Источник: FIH tournament records for the Champions Trophy, tms.fih.ch, editions of 1978, 1987 and 2018; Dawn and The News (Pakistan) on the event's founding · знание

  5. The league began the next year, in 2019.

    Источник: FIH tournament records for the Champions Trophy, tms.fih.ch, editions of 1978, 1987 and 2018; Dawn and The News (Pakistan) on the event's founding · знание

  6. Amstelveen hosted it from the 21st to the 28th of the month.

    Источник: FIH tournament records for the Champions Trophy, tms.fih.ch, editions of 1978, 1987 and 2018; Dawn and The News (Pakistan) on the event's founding · знание

  7. After 1-1 at full time, Australia took the shoot-out 3-1.

    Источник: FIH tournament records for the Champions Trophy, tms.fih.ch, editions of 1978, 1987 and 2018; Dawn and The News (Pakistan) on the event's founding · знание

  8. 1978, 1987, 2018, 2019.

    Источник: FIH tournament records for the Champions Trophy, tms.fih.ch, editions of 1978, 1987 and 2018; Dawn and The News (Pakistan) on the event's founding · знание

  9. 1978, 1987, 2018.

    Источник: FIH tournament records for the Champions Trophy, tms.fih.ch, editions of 1978, 1987 and 2018; Dawn and The News (Pakistan) on the event's founding · знание

  10. Hosts and winners: a first title for the country that had thought up the event.

    Источник: FIH tournament records for the Champions Trophy, tms.fih.ch, editions of 1978, 1987 and 2018; Dawn and The News (Pakistan) on the event's founding · применение

3.32The Sultan's Cup

A Malaysian invitation event named after a king who loved the game.

Тест 1The Sultan Azlan Shah CupПройти тест

  1. It ran from 22 to 28 August that year.

    Источник: FIH, '25th Sultan Azlan Shah Cup under way'; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; ARY News, 'History of the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup' · знание

  2. The opening edition was at the Tun Razak Stadium, in the capital.

    Источник: FIH, '25th Sultan Azlan Shah Cup under way'; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; ARY News, 'History of the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup' · знание

  3. Pakistan came second and India third.

    Источник: FIH, '25th Sultan Azlan Shah Cup under way'; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; ARY News, 'History of the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup' · знание

  4. The stadium there carries the Sultan's own name.

    Источник: FIH, '25th Sultan Azlan Shah Cup under way'; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; ARY News, 'History of the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup' · знание

  5. He was the ninth Yang di-Pertuan Agong, and a keen supporter of the game.

    Источник: FIH, '25th Sultan Azlan Shah Cup under way'; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; ARY News, 'History of the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup' · знание

  6. It set off celebrations reaching as high as the palace.

    Источник: FIH, '25th Sultan Azlan Shah Cup under way'; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; ARY News, 'History of the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup' · знание

  7. It has been held nearly every year since around the turn of the century.

    Источник: FIH, '25th Sultan Azlan Shah Cup under way'; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; ARY News, 'History of the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup' · знание

  8. 1983, 2007, 2022, 2025.

    Источник: FIH, '25th Sultan Azlan Shah Cup under way'; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; ARY News, 'History of the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup' · знание

  9. First, second and third in 1983.

    Источник: FIH, '25th Sultan Azlan Shah Cup under way'; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; ARY News, 'History of the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup' · знание

  10. It was Malaysia's first title in its own event, four decades after it began.

    Источник: FIH, '25th Sultan Azlan Shah Cup under way'; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; ARY News, 'History of the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup' · применение

3.33Tokyo 1958

The first Asian Games hockey ended with no goals in the decider, and a title settled by arithmetic.

Тест 1Asian Games hockey, Tokyo 1958Пройти тест

  1. It was played that May, for men only.

    Источник: Nukta, 'Pakistan's gold at the 1958 Asian Games'; Olympics.com, 'Asian Games hockey champions' · знание

  2. Pakistan, India, Japan, South Korea and Malaya all played each other.

    Источник: Nukta, 'Pakistan's gold at the 1958 Asian Games'; Olympics.com, 'Asian Games hockey champions' · знание

  3. Pakistan had the better of it but missed the chances.

    Источник: Nukta, 'Pakistan's gold at the 1958 Asian Games'; Olympics.com, 'Asian Games hockey champions' · знание

  4. With a round-robin and no final, the numbers decided who took gold.

    Источник: Nukta, 'Pakistan's gold at the 1958 Asian Games'; Olympics.com, 'Asian Games hockey champions' · знание

  5. India's figures were 16 for and one against.

    Источник: Nukta, 'Pakistan's gold at the 1958 Asian Games'; Olympics.com, 'Asian Games hockey champions' · знание

  6. It followed a challenge in a very rough game.

    Источник: Nukta, 'Pakistan's gold at the 1958 Asian Games'; Olympics.com, 'Asian Games hockey champions' · знание

  7. Omar Hayat is the name given in the Nukta account of the day.

    Источник: Nukta, 'Pakistan's gold at the 1958 Asian Games'; Olympics.com, 'Asian Games hockey champions' · знание

  8. 5-0, 6-0, 8-0.

    Источник: Nukta, 'Pakistan's gold at the 1958 Asian Games'; Olympics.com, 'Asian Games hockey champions' · знание

  9. 1958, 1982, 2023.

    Источник: Nukta, 'Pakistan's gold at the 1958 Asian Games'; Olympics.com, 'Asian Games hockey champions' · знание

  10. The missed chances did not matter: 19-0 on goals beat India's 16-1.

    Источник: Nukta, 'Pakistan's gold at the 1958 Asian Games'; Olympics.com, 'Asian Games hockey champions' · применение

3.34Игры Содружества

Hockey joined the Games in Kuala Lumpur, and was left out in Glasgow.

Тест 1Hockey at the Commonwealth GamesПройти тест

  1. Netball, rugby sevens and cricket came on board at the same Games.

    Источник: Commonwealth Games Australia, 'Firsts and records at Kuala Lumpur'; Scottish Hockey and FIH statements on Glasgow 2026, October 2024; Team England, 'Kuala Lumpur 1998' · знание

  2. The hosts were beaten 4-0.

    Источник: Commonwealth Games Australia, 'Firsts and records at Kuala Lumpur'; Scottish Hockey and FIH statements on Glasgow 2026, October 2024; Team England, 'Kuala Lumpur 1998' · знание

  3. Australia swept both titles at that first event.

    Источник: Commonwealth Games Australia, 'Firsts and records at Kuala Lumpur'; Scottish Hockey and FIH statements on Glasgow 2026, October 2024; Team England, 'Kuala Lumpur 1998' · знание

  4. It did not stop Australia going on to the gold.

    Источник: Commonwealth Games Australia, 'Firsts and records at Kuala Lumpur'; Scottish Hockey and FIH statements on Glasgow 2026, October 2024; Team England, 'Kuala Lumpur 1998' · знание

  5. That had been water polo, so the door had stayed shut for 48 years.

    Источник: Commonwealth Games Australia, 'Firsts and records at Kuala Lumpur'; Scottish Hockey and FIH statements on Glasgow 2026, October 2024; Team England, 'Kuala Lumpur 1998' · знание

  6. Scottish Hockey noted it had been part of every Games since 1998.

    Источник: Commonwealth Games Australia, 'Firsts and records at Kuala Lumpur'; Scottish Hockey and FIH statements on Glasgow 2026, October 2024; Team England, 'Kuala Lumpur 1998' · знание

  7. Glasgow stepped in late on a tight budget after the Australian state pulled out.

    Источник: Commonwealth Games Australia, 'Firsts and records at Kuala Lumpur'; Scottish Hockey and FIH statements on Glasgow 2026, October 2024; Team England, 'Kuala Lumpur 1998' · знание

  8. 1950, 1998, 2024, 2026.

    Источник: Commonwealth Games Australia, 'Firsts and records at Kuala Lumpur'; Scottish Hockey and FIH statements on Glasgow 2026, October 2024; Team England, 'Kuala Lumpur 1998' · знание

  9. One goal, four goals, seven goals.

    Источник: Commonwealth Games Australia, 'Firsts and records at Kuala Lumpur'; Scottish Hockey and FIH statements on Glasgow 2026, October 2024; Team England, 'Kuala Lumpur 1998' · знание

  10. England went down 8-1 to Australia in Kuala Lumpur.

    Источник: Commonwealth Games Australia, 'Firsts and records at Kuala Lumpur'; Scottish Hockey and FIH statements on Glasgow 2026, October 2024; Team England, 'Kuala Lumpur 1998' · применение

3.35Панамериканские игры

From the first tournament in Winnipeg to Argentina's long rule.

Тест 1Hockey at the Pan American GamesПройти тест

  1. Hockey joined the Games that summer, in Manitoba.

    Источник: University of Manitoba, '1967 Pan Am Games'; Diario Jornada, 'Los Leones se llevaron el oro de Toronto'; Pan American Hockey Federation records · знание

  2. It may surprise today, but the Caribbean side was a strong one.

    Источник: University of Manitoba, '1967 Pan Am Games'; Diario Jornada, 'Los Leones se llevaron el oro de Toronto'; Pan American Hockey Federation records · знание

  3. American hockey was far stronger among its women at the time.

    Источник: University of Manitoba, '1967 Pan Am Games'; Diario Jornada, 'Los Leones se llevaron el oro de Toronto'; Pan American Hockey Federation records · знание

  4. From 1967 on, no other team has come close in the Americas.

    Источник: University of Manitoba, '1967 Pan Am Games'; Diario Jornada, 'Los Leones se llevaron el oro de Toronto'; Pan American Hockey Federation records · знание

  5. The men began in 1967, the women in 1987.

    Источник: University of Manitoba, '1967 Pan Am Games'; Diario Jornada, 'Los Leones se llevaron el oro de Toronto'; Pan American Hockey Federation records · знание

  6. Indianapolis staged the first women's event, in 1987.

    Источник: University of Manitoba, '1967 Pan Am Games'; Diario Jornada, 'Los Leones se llevaron el oro de Toronto'; Pan American Hockey Federation records · знание

  7. Its capital hosted the Games again in 1999.

    Источник: University of Manitoba, '1967 Pan Am Games'; Diario Jornada, 'Los Leones se llevaron el oro de Toronto'; Pan American Hockey Federation records · знание

  8. 1967, 1987, 1999.

    Источник: University of Manitoba, '1967 Pan Am Games'; Diario Jornada, 'Los Leones se llevaron el oro de Toronto'; Pan American Hockey Federation records · знание

  9. Золото, серебро, бронза.

    Источник: University of Manitoba, '1967 Pan Am Games'; Diario Jornada, 'Los Leones se llevaron el oro de Toronto'; Pan American Hockey Federation records · знание

  10. From Los Leones to Las Leonas, the same shirts have led the Americas.

    Источник: University of Manitoba, '1967 Pan Am Games'; Diario Jornada, 'Los Leones se llevaron el oro de Toronto'; Pan American Hockey Federation records · применение

3.36The First Euros

Brussels 1970 for the men and Lille 1984 for the women: how Europe got its titles.

Тест 1Первые чемпионаты ЕвропыПройти тест

  1. It ran from 19 to 27 September.

    Источник: EuroHockey, 'History' (eurohockey2015.co.uk/the-event/history); FIH tournament records for the first EuroHockey Championships, tms.fih.ch · знание

  2. It started a long run of German strength in the event.

    Источник: EuroHockey, 'History' (eurohockey2015.co.uk/the-event/history); FIH tournament records for the first EuroHockey Championships, tms.fih.ch · знание

  3. It finished 3-1 in the Belgian capital.

    Источник: EuroHockey, 'History' (eurohockey2015.co.uk/the-event/history); FIH tournament records for the first EuroHockey Championships, tms.fih.ch · знание

  4. It came fourteen years after the men's first edition.

    Источник: EuroHockey, 'History' (eurohockey2015.co.uk/the-event/history); FIH tournament records for the first EuroHockey Championships, tms.fih.ch · знание

  5. It ran from 3 to 13 May 1984.

    Источник: EuroHockey, 'History' (eurohockey2015.co.uk/the-event/history); FIH tournament records for the first EuroHockey Championships, tms.fih.ch · знание

  6. It was the first of many.

    Источник: EuroHockey, 'History' (eurohockey2015.co.uk/the-event/history); FIH tournament records for the first EuroHockey Championships, tms.fih.ch · знание

  7. The Soviet women had already taken an Olympic bronze in 1980.

    Источник: EuroHockey, 'History' (eurohockey2015.co.uk/the-event/history); FIH tournament records for the first EuroHockey Championships, tms.fih.ch · знание

  8. Champions, runners-up, bronze medallists.

    Источник: EuroHockey, 'History' (eurohockey2015.co.uk/the-event/history); FIH tournament records for the first EuroHockey Championships, tms.fih.ch · знание

  9. 1970, 1984, 2007.

    Источник: EuroHockey, 'History' (eurohockey2015.co.uk/the-event/history); FIH tournament records for the first EuroHockey Championships, tms.fih.ch · знание

  10. The Netherlands were beaten in the final, in neutral Brussels.

    Источник: EuroHockey, 'History' (eurohockey2015.co.uk/the-event/history); FIH tournament records for the first EuroHockey Championships, tms.fih.ch · применение

3.37The Junior World Cups

Under-21 hockey has its own World Cup, and a surprise first champion.

Тест 1The Junior World CupsПройти тест

  1. A palace town became the unlikely birthplace of the event.

    Источник: FIH tournament records for the Junior World Cups, tms.fih.ch (1979 and 1989); Dawn, on Pakistan's 1979 title · знание

  2. A decade separated it from the boys' Versailles event.

    Источник: FIH tournament records for the Junior World Cups, tms.fih.ch (1979 and 1989); Dawn, on Pakistan's 1979 title · знание

  3. It would remain that country's only title in the event.

    Источник: FIH tournament records for the Junior World Cups, tms.fih.ch (1979 and 1989); Dawn, on Pakistan's 1979 title · знание

  4. Pakistan won it 2-0.

    Источник: FIH tournament records for the Junior World Cups, tms.fih.ch (1979 and 1989); Dawn, on Pakistan's 1979 title · знание

  5. It was played at the Nepean Sportsplex in 1989.

    Источник: FIH tournament records for the Junior World Cups, tms.fih.ch (1979 and 1989); Dawn, on Pakistan's 1979 title · знание

  6. It was the last year but one of West Germany as a country.

    Источник: FIH tournament records for the Junior World Cups, tms.fih.ch (1979 and 1989); Dawn, on Pakistan's 1979 title · знание

  7. Its senior teams, by comparison, have long lists of honours.

    Источник: FIH tournament records for the Junior World Cups, tms.fih.ch (1979 and 1989); Dawn, on Pakistan's 1979 title · знание

  8. 1979, 1989, 2011.

    Источник: FIH tournament records for the Junior World Cups, tms.fih.ch (1979 and 1989); Dawn, on Pakistan's 1979 title · знание

  9. Canada, France and Malaysia.

    Источник: FIH tournament records for the Junior World Cups, tms.fih.ch (1979 and 1989); Dawn, on Pakistan's 1979 title · знание

  10. A palace outside Paris gave the event its first postmark.

    Источник: FIH tournament records for the Junior World Cups, tms.fih.ch (1979 and 1989); Dawn, on Pakistan's 1979 title · применение

3.38The Sultan of Johor Cup

A Malaysian tournament for under-21 men, where tomorrow's stars first meet.

Тест 1The Sultan of Johor CupПройти тест

  1. It has become one of the biggest youth events in the calendar.

    Источник: Sultan of Johor Cup official site (sultanjohorcup.com); Malaysian Hockey Confederation; Sports Digest, 'Complete list of winners'; The Statesman · знание

  2. It ran from 5 to 12 November.

    Источник: Sultan of Johor Cup official site (sultanjohorcup.com); Malaysian Hockey Confederation; Sports Digest, 'Complete list of winners'; The Statesman · знание

  3. It lies at the very southern tip of the peninsula, across from Singapore.

    Источник: Sultan of Johor Cup official site (sultanjohorcup.com); Malaysian Hockey Confederation; Sports Digest, 'Complete list of winners'; The Statesman · знание

  4. It was 2-2 with Australia before the golden goal settled it.

    Источник: Sultan of Johor Cup official site (sultanjohorcup.com); Malaysian Hockey Confederation; Sports Digest, 'Complete list of winners'; The Statesman · знание

  5. Teams came by invitation, so the line-up changes from year to year.

    Источник: Sultan of Johor Cup official site (sultanjohorcup.com); Malaysian Hockey Confederation; Sports Digest, 'Complete list of winners'; The Statesman · знание

  6. The 2024 title was among them, with Australia as the runner-up.

    Источник: Sultan of Johor Cup official site (sultanjohorcup.com); Malaysian Hockey Confederation; Sports Digest, 'Complete list of winners'; The Statesman · знание

  7. Germany, in contrast, won in 2012 and 2023, far apart.

    Источник: Sultan of Johor Cup official site (sultanjohorcup.com); Malaysian Hockey Confederation; Sports Digest, 'Complete list of winners'; The Statesman · знание

  8. 2011, 2012, 2016, 2024.

    Источник: Sultan of Johor Cup official site (sultanjohorcup.com); Malaysian Hockey Confederation; Sports Digest, 'Complete list of winners'; The Statesman · знание

  9. 1983 and 2011, with India's league beginning in 2013.

    Источник: Sultan of Johor Cup official site (sultanjohorcup.com); Malaysian Hockey Confederation; Sports Digest, 'Complete list of winners'; The Statesman · знание

  10. The first goal in extra time ended it there and then.

    Источник: Sultan of Johor Cup official site (sultanjohorcup.com); Malaysian Hockey Confederation; Sports Digest, 'Complete list of winners'; The Statesman · применение

3.39Willesden 1986

A World Cup in a corner of north-west London that changed English hockey.

Тест 1The 1986 World Cup in LondonПройти тест

  1. The home team reached the final on an artificial pitch there.

    Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Willesden 1986: the World Cup that changed English hockey' (hockeymuseum.org), 28 October 2026 · знание

  2. Australia's run included 6-0 wins over both Spain and India.

    Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Willesden 1986: the World Cup that changed English hockey' (hockeymuseum.org), 28 October 2026 · знание

  3. Grass had still been part of the World Cup picture till then.

    Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Willesden 1986: the World Cup that changed English hockey' (hockeymuseum.org), 28 October 2026 · знание

  4. He was then a veteran in Australia's midfield.

    Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Willesden 1986: the World Cup that changed English hockey' (hockeymuseum.org), 28 October 2026 · знание

  5. The home crowd saw them survive and go on to the final.

    Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Willesden 1986: the World Cup that changed English hockey' (hockeymuseum.org), 28 October 2026 · знание

  6. Their match was a play-off near the bottom of the table.

    Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Willesden 1986: the World Cup that changed English hockey' (hockeymuseum.org), 28 October 2026 · знание

  7. South Korea had only just beaten both India and Pakistan to Asian Games gold.

    Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Willesden 1986: the World Cup that changed English hockey' (hockeymuseum.org), 28 October 2026 · знание

  8. 1984, 1986, 1988, 1995.

    Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Willesden 1986: the World Cup that changed English hockey' (hockeymuseum.org), 28 October 2026 · знание

  9. 3-1 in the group, then 3-2 and 1-2.

    Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Willesden 1986: the World Cup that changed English hockey' (hockeymuseum.org), 28 October 2026 · знание

  10. His saves were a big part of England's run to the final.

    Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Willesden 1986: the World Cup that changed English hockey' (hockeymuseum.org), 28 October 2026 · применение

3.40Dial-up at Utrecht

How a World Cup was reported from a laptop in 1998, with floppy disks and free beer.

Тест 1The 1998 World Cup at UtrechtПройти тест

  1. It was the first time the two World Cups shared a place and time.

    Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Dial-up and floppy disks: hockey's digital frontier at the 1998 World Cup' (hockeymuseum.org), 24 September 2026 · знание

  2. It held about twenty photos on just 1.4 MB.

    Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Dial-up and floppy disks: hockey's digital frontier at the 1998 World Cup' (hockeymuseum.org), 24 September 2026 · знание

  3. Only four of them posted directly to a website.

    Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Dial-up and floppy disks: hockey's digital frontier at the 1998 World Cup' (hockeymuseum.org), 24 September 2026 · знание

  4. Hand-coded websites and dial-up were still a novelty.

    Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Dial-up and floppy disks: hockey's digital frontier at the 1998 World Cup' (hockeymuseum.org), 24 September 2026 · знание

  5. He had launched a field hockey website for them the year before.

    Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Dial-up and floppy disks: hockey's digital frontier at the 1998 World Cup' (hockeymuseum.org), 24 September 2026 · знание

  6. It sent Canada into the 5th to 8th place round.

    Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Dial-up and floppy disks: hockey's digital frontier at the 1998 World Cup' (hockeymuseum.org), 24 September 2026 · знание

  7. The reporter kept a branded beer glass as a souvenir.

    Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Dial-up and floppy disks: hockey's digital frontier at the 1998 World Cup' (hockeymuseum.org), 24 September 2026 · знание

  8. 1997, 1998, 2000, 2011.

    Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Dial-up and floppy disks: hockey's digital frontier at the 1998 World Cup' (hockeymuseum.org), 24 September 2026 · знание

  9. 4, about 20, about 250.

    Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Dial-up and floppy disks: hockey's digital frontier at the 1998 World Cup' (hockeymuseum.org), 24 September 2026 · знание

  10. The Dutch came in their tens of thousands, and their men went on to win the title.

    Источник: The Hockey Museum, 'Dial-up and floppy disks: hockey's digital frontier at the 1998 World Cup' (hockeymuseum.org), 24 September 2026 · применение

Источники

Primary/official sources only, no Wikipedia citations: the FIH and its continental federations, national associations, The Hockey Museum, the Olympic Channel and Olympedia, Guinness World Records, clubs' and makers' own histories, museums and named reputable media.

  • FIH tournament records for the Champions Trophy, tms.fih.ch, editions of 1978, 1987 and 2018; Dawn and The News (Pakistan) on the event's founding10
  • FIH, '25th Sultan Azlan Shah Cup under way'; Sports Digest, 'Sultan Azlan Shah Cup champions list', 2025; Malay Mail, 11 November 2022; ARY News, 'History of the Sultan Azlan Shah Cup'10
  • Nukta, 'Pakistan's gold at the 1958 Asian Games'; Olympics.com, 'Asian Games hockey champions'10
  • Commonwealth Games Australia, 'Firsts and records at Kuala Lumpur'; Scottish Hockey and FIH statements on Glasgow 2026, October 2024; Team England, 'Kuala Lumpur 1998'10
  • University of Manitoba, '1967 Pan Am Games'; Diario Jornada, 'Los Leones se llevaron el oro de Toronto'; Pan American Hockey Federation records10
  • EuroHockey, 'History' (eurohockey2015.co.uk/the-event/history); FIH tournament records for the first EuroHockey Championships, tms.fih.ch10
  • FIH tournament records for the Junior World Cups, tms.fih.ch (1979 and 1989); Dawn, on Pakistan's 1979 title10
  • Sultan of Johor Cup official site (sultanjohorcup.com); Malaysian Hockey Confederation; Sports Digest, 'Complete list of winners'; The Statesman10
  • The Hockey Museum, 'Willesden 1986: the World Cup that changed English hockey' (hockeymuseum.org), 28 October 202610
  • The Hockey Museum, 'Dial-up and floppy disks: hockey's digital frontier at the 1998 World Cup' (hockeymuseum.org), 24 September 202610