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Baseball · Official Rules of Baseball

Law 21: Video Review

3 parts · 3 tests · 30 facts · updated 28 October 2026 · markdown

Appendix 2: the manager's challenge and its time limits, which calls can and cannot be reviewed, and how the review official decides and places runners.

21.211Managers' Challenges

One challenge a game, the hold and its time limits, who may ask, and the booth's final say.

Test 1Managers' challengesTake a test

  1. Each manager has one challenge per game, not counting extra innings, where each team gets one more.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B1.1 · recall

  2. An overturned call lets the manager keep his challenge; an upheld call costs it.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B1.3 · recall

  3. The manager has ten seconds after the call and the end of the play to signal a hold with his hand.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.1.1 · recall

  4. Ten seconds to signal a hold, twenty more to start the challenge, then two minutes for the review official.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.1.2 · recall

  5. The decision is due within two minutes; placing runners after an overturned call may take longer.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.2.3 · recall

  6. An untimely challenge is not reviewed and the call stands, but the team is not charged with a challenge.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.2.4 · applied

  7. Only the manager may ask for a review, or the coach who takes on his duties if he cannot go on.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.2.1 · applied

  8. The review official's decision is final; anyone on the team who argues a reviewed call is automatically ejected.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.1.8 · recall

  9. Hold, challenge at home plate, headsets at the review area, then the crew chief's signal of the result.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.1 · recall

  10. The official in the review booth evaluates the call and makes the final decision, which is relayed to the crew chief.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.1.6 · applied

21.212What Can Be Reviewed

Catches, fair and foul, force plays, hit by pitch, home runs, and the judgements left alone.

Test 1What can be reviewedTake a test

  1. Any catch or no-catch play attempted by an outfielder may be challenged.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B2.2 · applied

  2. Catch or no-catch plays in the infield are not reviewable; the infield limit is the umpire's judgement.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B2.2 · applied

  3. Fair or foul is reviewable only where the ball lands at or beyond the base umpire; a foul in front of him is not.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B2.3 · applied

  4. Any force play at any base is reviewable.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B2.4 · recall

  5. Whether the pitch was in the strike zone and whether the batter tried to avoid it are not reviewable.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.11 · applied

  6. Potential home runs may be reviewed by the crew chief at any time; other calls by his initiative come late in the game.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.2.2 · recall

  7. A runner possibly being pushed off a base is a judgement that video review does not touch.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.13 · recall

  8. Where the rules need an appeal, as for a missed base, review can start only after the umpires rule on it.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B2.1 · recall

  9. If the hit by pitch comes on a check swing, the swing must be appealed before a review is asked for.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B2.5 · recall

  10. Any fly ball in foul territory is reviewable, even one caught by an infielder.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B2.2 · applied

21.213The Review Decision

Clear and convincing evidence, placing runners, moot challenges and post-play decisions.

Test 1The review decisionTake a test

  1. The call on the field stands unless the evidence lets him conclude definitively that it was wrong.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.7 · recall

  2. Any doubt about placing runners is resolved in favour of the last base legally touched at the time of the call.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.9.2 · applied

  3. More than one base is given only when it is obvious the runner would have got there, or the rules require it.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.9.2 · recall

  4. Unless the defence appealed the missed plate before the booth was contacted, the runner is ruled safe and scores.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.10 · applied

  5. The review official may only rule on the calls challenged or accepted by the crew chief, not on other things he sees.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.5 · applied

  6. Decisions made because of a call later overturned are nullified unless the manager reaffirms them.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.4 · applied

  7. A later call made moot by the earlier ruling is not reviewed, and that challenge is not charged.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.3.2 · applied

  8. Challenged calls are reviewed in the order they happened, and a later one is skipped if the first ruling makes it moot.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.3.2 · recall

  9. If a challenged call is not eligible, the crew chief may consult the booth, and the team is not charged a challenge.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.2.5 · recall

  10. The review official reverses the call and places the runner at second, ignoring what he did after the wrong out call.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.9.4 · applied

Sources

WBSC Official Rules of Baseball 2025-2026, Appendix 2 (paraphrased in original wording; original questions authored from the Rules, not reproduced)

  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B2.23
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.9.22
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.3.22
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B1.11
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B1.31
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.1.11
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.1.21
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.2.31
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.2.41
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.2.11
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.1.81
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.11
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.1.61
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B2.31
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B2.41
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.111
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.2.21
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.131
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B2.11
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B2.51
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.71
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.101
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.51
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.41
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.2.51
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.9.41