Baseball · Official Rules of Baseball
Law 21: Video Review
3 parts · 3 tests · 30 facts · updated 28 October 2026 · markdown
Appendix 2: the manager's challenge and its time limits, which calls can and cannot be reviewed, and how the review official decides and places runners.
21.211Managers' Challenges
One challenge a game, the hold and its time limits, who may ask, and the booth's final say.
Test 1Managers' challengesTake a test
Each manager has one challenge per game, not counting extra innings, where each team gets one more.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B1.1 · recall
An overturned call lets the manager keep his challenge; an upheld call costs it.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B1.3 · recall
The manager has ten seconds after the call and the end of the play to signal a hold with his hand.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.1.1 · recall
Ten seconds to signal a hold, twenty more to start the challenge, then two minutes for the review official.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.1.2 · recall
The decision is due within two minutes; placing runners after an overturned call may take longer.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.2.3 · recall
An untimely challenge is not reviewed and the call stands, but the team is not charged with a challenge.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.2.4 · applied
Only the manager may ask for a review, or the coach who takes on his duties if he cannot go on.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.2.1 · applied
The review official's decision is final; anyone on the team who argues a reviewed call is automatically ejected.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.1.8 · recall
Hold, challenge at home plate, headsets at the review area, then the crew chief's signal of the result.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.1 · recall
The official in the review booth evaluates the call and makes the final decision, which is relayed to the crew chief.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.1.6 · applied
21.212What Can Be Reviewed
Catches, fair and foul, force plays, hit by pitch, home runs, and the judgements left alone.
Test 1What can be reviewedTake a test
Any catch or no-catch play attempted by an outfielder may be challenged.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B2.2 · applied
Catch or no-catch plays in the infield are not reviewable; the infield limit is the umpire's judgement.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B2.2 · applied
Fair or foul is reviewable only where the ball lands at or beyond the base umpire; a foul in front of him is not.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B2.3 · applied
Any force play at any base is reviewable.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B2.4 · recall
Whether the pitch was in the strike zone and whether the batter tried to avoid it are not reviewable.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.11 · applied
Potential home runs may be reviewed by the crew chief at any time; other calls by his initiative come late in the game.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.2.2 · recall
A runner possibly being pushed off a base is a judgement that video review does not touch.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.13 · recall
Where the rules need an appeal, as for a missed base, review can start only after the umpires rule on it.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B2.1 · recall
If the hit by pitch comes on a check swing, the swing must be appealed before a review is asked for.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B2.5 · recall
Any fly ball in foul territory is reviewable, even one caught by an infielder.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B2.2 · applied
21.213The Review Decision
Clear and convincing evidence, placing runners, moot challenges and post-play decisions.
Test 1The review decisionTake a test
The call on the field stands unless the evidence lets him conclude definitively that it was wrong.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.7 · recall
Any doubt about placing runners is resolved in favour of the last base legally touched at the time of the call.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.9.2 · applied
More than one base is given only when it is obvious the runner would have got there, or the rules require it.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.9.2 · recall
Unless the defence appealed the missed plate before the booth was contacted, the runner is ruled safe and scores.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.10 · applied
The review official may only rule on the calls challenged or accepted by the crew chief, not on other things he sees.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.5 · applied
Decisions made because of a call later overturned are nullified unless the manager reaffirms them.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.4 · applied
A later call made moot by the earlier ruling is not reviewed, and that challenge is not charged.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.3.2 · applied
Challenged calls are reviewed in the order they happened, and a later one is skipped if the first ruling makes it moot.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.3.2 · recall
If a challenged call is not eligible, the crew chief may consult the booth, and the team is not charged a challenge.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.2.5 · recall
The review official reverses the call and places the runner at second, ignoring what he did after the wrong out call.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.9.4 · applied
Sources
WBSC Official Rules of Baseball 2025-2026, Appendix 2 (paraphrased in original wording; original questions authored from the Rules, not reproduced)
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B2.23
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.9.22
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.3.22
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B1.11
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B1.31
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.1.11
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.1.21
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.2.31
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.2.41
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.2.11
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.1.81
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.11
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.1.61
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B2.31
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B2.41
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.111
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.2.21
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.131
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B2.11
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B2.51
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.71
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.101
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.51
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.41
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.2.51
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Appendix 2, B3.9.41