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Baseball · Official Rules of Baseball

Law 8: Ball in Play

3 parts · 3 tests · 30 facts · updated 27 October 2026 · markdown

When the ball stays alive and when it becomes dead, with runners returning or advancing, calling 'Time' and restarting play, and the acts of unsportsmanlike conduct the rules forbid.

8.81Live Ball

Balls that hit coaches, umpires, runners, helmets or birds, and catches carried into dead-ball areas.

Test 1When the ball stays liveTake a test

  1. A thrown ball that accidentally strikes a coach in foul territory, or a pitched or thrown ball that hits an umpire, remains in play.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.1.1 · applied

  2. Umpires are part of the field: a pitch or throw off one does not stop play.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.1.1 · applied

  3. Once a fair ball has passed all the infielders, touching a runner does not make him out and the ball stays in play.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.1.2 · applied

  4. A fly that touches a runner or umpire in flight is treated as a ground ball and cannot be caught for a fly-ball out.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.1.2 · applied

  5. If the live ball comes apart, it is in play until the action is completed.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.1.7 · recall

  6. If a pitched ball hits a bird or other animal on the field, the pitch is nullified and play resumes with the previous count.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.1.8 · applied

  7. If a detached batting helmet is accidentally hit by a live ball, the ball remains in play.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.1.6 · recall

  8. After a legal catch the fielder goes over the fence: the ball is dead, the batter is out and, unless it was the third out, runners advance one base.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.1.5 · applied

  9. Passing the infield is what matters: after that, contact with a runner makes no out.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.1.2 · recall

  10. After a legal catch, a fielder who steps or falls into a dead-ball area makes the ball dead; the batter is out and each runner advances one base.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.1.3 · applied

8.82Dead Balls

Fouls, backswings, balls that hit runners or umpires, hit batters and interference.

Test 1When the ball is deadTake a test

  1. On an uncaught foul the ball is dead, runners return, and play is not resumed until all of them have retouched their bases.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.2.1 · recall

  2. An unintentional backswing that hits the catcher is just a strike; the ball is dead and no runner may advance.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.2.4 · applied

  3. A runner touched by a fair ball before it touches or passes an infielder is out, and no other runner advances unless forced.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.2.5 · applied

  4. A pitch that touches the batter or his clothing in the legal batting position is a dead ball; runners advance if forced.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.4.2 · applied

  5. A pitch that lodges in the umpire's or catcher's equipment (other than the catcher's glove) is a dead ball, and runners advance one base.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.4.4 · applied

  6. When an opponent interferes with a fielder reaching into a dugout or dead-ball area for a foul fly, the batter is out and no runner advances.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.2.9 · applied

  7. Intentional interference with a ball using a helmet or other equipment: the ball is dead, the runner is out and runners ahead return.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.2.8 · applied

  8. Runners return on an uncaught foul, and the umpire waits for them all to retouch before putting the ball in play.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.2.1 · recall

  9. Plate umpire interference with the catcher's throw is a delayed dead ball and runners may not advance, unless the throw retires the runner.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.3.1 · applied

  10. A fair ball that touches an umpire before touching a fielder, and before passing one other than the pitcher, is dead; the batter gets a single.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.2.6 · applied

8.83Time and Conduct

Calling 'Time', injuries, resuming play, and unsportsmanlike conduct.

Test 1Calling time and unsportsmanlike conductTake a test

  1. When an umpire calls 'Time' play is suspended; between 'Time' and 'Play' the ball is dead.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.5.1 · recall

  2. Apart from light failure and an accident that incapacitates a player or umpire, no umpire calls 'Time' during a play.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.5.2.9 · recall

  3. If an injury happens during a live ball, 'Time' is not called until no further advance or putout is possible.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.5.2.10 · applied

  4. If an accident stops a runner reaching a base he is entitled to, as on a home run out of the park, a substitute runner completes the play.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.5.2.4 · applied

  5. Play resumes when the pitcher takes his place on the pitcher's plate with the ball and the plate umpire calls 'Play'.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.5 · recall

  6. Taking a position in the batter's line of vision and deliberately acting to distract him is unsportsmanlike conduct.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.6.5 · applied

  7. The umpire-in-chief calls 'Time' when a manager requests it for a substitution or a conference with a player.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.5.2.5 · recall

  8. The ball is dead from 'Time' until the plate umpire calls 'Play' with the pitcher on the rubber holding the ball.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.5 · recall

  9. The injured player waits: the umpire lets the play finish first.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.5.2.10 · recall

  10. Calling 'Time' to make the pitcher balk is unsportsmanlike: the offender is removed from the game and any balk is disregarded.

    Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.6.2 · applied

Sources

WBSC Official Rules of Baseball 2025-2026, Rule 8 (paraphrased in original wording; original questions authored from the Rules, not reproduced)

  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.1.23
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.1.12
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.2.12
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.5.2.102
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.52
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.1.71
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.1.81
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.1.61
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.1.51
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.1.31
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.2.41
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.2.51
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.4.21
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.4.41
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.2.91
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.2.81
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.3.11
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.2.61
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.5.11
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.5.2.91
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.5.2.41
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.6.51
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.5.2.51
  • WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 8.6.21