Baseball · Official Rules of Baseball
Law 16: Batting Record
2 parts · 4 tests · 40 facts · updated 28 October 2026 · markdown
Law 16 of the WBSC Official Rules of Baseball 2025-2026 tells the official scorer how to credit what a batter does. A hit is scored when ordinary effort would not have retired the batter at first, for example on a ball hit so slowly that no fielder has a chance, a ball that rebounds off a base or the pitcher's plate, or one deflected by a fielder who cannot make the play. In any doubtful situation the batter gets the benefit of the doubt. No hit is credited when a runner is forced out by the batted ball: that is a fielder's choice. The value of a hit is set by the base where the batter stops, and a game-ending hit is worth as many bases as the winning run advanced, except for a home run out of the playing field, on which everyone scores.
With fewer than two out, a bunt that advances runners while the batter is out at first is a sacrifice bunt, and a caught outfield fly on which a runner scores is a sacrifice fly; neither is charged as a time at bat. A bases-loaded walk earns a run batted in, a forced double play does not. A stolen base is an advance without the help of a hit, error, wild pitch or balk, and an advance the defence ignores is defensive indifference.
The facts below cover hits and their value, sacrifices, runs batted in, steals, walks and strikeouts.
16.161Hits
When a batter gets a hit, what kind of hit, and how a game-ending hit is scored.
Test 1When the batter gets a hitTake a test
A ball hit so slowly that no fielder has a chance to make a play is scored as a hit.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.2.1.2 · applied
A fair ball that hits the pitcher's plate or a base and rebounds beyond ordinary effort is a hit.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.2.1.3 · applied
No hit is credited when a runner is forced out by the batted ball; it is a fielder's choice.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.2.2.1 · applied
A fair ball not touched by a fielder that touches a runner or umpire gives the batter a hit.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.2.1.5 · applied
In any doubtful situation the official scorer gives the batter the benefit of the doubt.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.2.1.7 · recall
A ball that touches a runner who is called out for being hit by an infield fly does not give the batter a hit.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.2.1.5 · applied
If a fielder fails to retire a preceding runner and ordinary effort would not have got the batter at first, the batter gets a hit.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.2.1.6 · applied
Whether it is a hit depends on whether ordinary effort would have retired the batter at first.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.2.1.6, 16.2.2.4 · applied
Nobody could reach it in time, so the scorer gives the batter the hit.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.2.1.2 · recall
If a fielder deflects a hard-hit ball but cannot make the play, or makes an exceptional but unsuccessful effort, the batter gets a hit.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.2.1.2, 16.2.1.7 · applied
Test 2Extra-base hits and game-ending hitsTake a test
A hit is scored by the base where the batter stops: first, second, third, or a home run.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.3.1.1 · recall
A batter who overruns second or third after a safe hit and is out returning gets a hit for the last base he touched.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.3.3 · applied
When the batter is awarded two bases, three bases or a home run under the base-award rules, the scorer credits that hit.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.3.4 · applied
When the batter is called out on appeal for missing a base, the last base he touched safely sets the value of the hit.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.3.5 · applied
The scorer decides whether the batter earned the extra base; reaching second on a throw to another base is a single plus the throw.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.3.1.3 · applied
A game-ending hit is worth as many bases as the winning run advanced, here one base from third.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.4.1 · applied
When a batter ends a game with a home run out of the playing field, he and all runners on base score.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.4.3 · recall
Overrunning after a safe hit costs him the out, but he keeps credit for the last base he touched.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.3.3 · recall
One-base hit, two-base hit, three-base hit, home run.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.3.1.1 · recall
The batter gets as many bases as the winning runner advanced, here two from second, as long as he reached that many himself.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.4.1 · applied
16.162Sacrifices, RBIs and Steals
Sacrifice bunts and flies, runs batted in, walks, stolen bases and strikeouts.
Test 1Sacrifices, runs batted in and walksTake a test
With fewer than two out, a bunt that advances runners while the batter is put out at first is a sacrifice bunt.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.5.1 · recall
With fewer than two out, a fly or line drive caught in the outfield on which a runner scores is a sacrifice fly.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.5.2.1 · applied
If the ball is dropped and the runner scores, and could have scored after a catch, it is still a sacrifice fly.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.5.2.2 · applied
No time at bat is charged to the batter for either kind of sacrifice.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.5 · recall
With the bases loaded, a batter who becomes a runner on a walk, hit by pitch, interference or obstruction gets an RBI.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.6.1.2 · applied
No RBI is credited when the batter grounds into a forced or reverse forced double play.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.6.2.1 · applied
When the fourth ball touches the batter, the scorer records a batter hit by the pitch.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.8.1.1 · applied
A sacrifice fly brings an RBI for the run that scores, and no time at bat is charged.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.5.2, 16.6.1.1 · recall
A bases-loaded walk forces a run home and earns the batter a run batted in.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.6.1.2 · recall
When the manager indicates he will not pitch to the batter, the scorer records an intentional base on balls.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.8.1.3 · applied
Test 2Stolen bases, caught stealing and strikeoutsTake a test
A stolen base is an advance of one base without the aid of a hit, putout, error, force, fielder's choice, wild pitch, passed ball or balk.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.7.1 · recall
No error is charged on the catcher's bad throw unless it lets the stealing runner or another runner advance further.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.7.1.3 · applied
If a runner is thrown out on a double or triple steal attempt, no other runner gets a stolen base.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.7.2.1 · applied
An advance the defence does not try to prevent is defensive indifference, scored as a fielder's choice.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.7.2.3 · applied
A runner who goes over the base on his steal attempt and is tagged out is caught stealing.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.7.4.2 · applied
A strikeout is recorded even when the batter becomes a runner because the third strike was not caught.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.9.2.3 · applied
If a batter leaves with two strikes and the substitute completes the strikeout, it goes to the first batter.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.9.3 · applied
The scorer weighs the inning, the score and the fielders' attitude before calling it defensive indifference.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.7.2.3 · recall
A two-strike bunt caught on the fly in foul ground is not a strikeout; the fielder who caught it gets the out.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.9.2.4 · applied
A runner who left before the pitch is credited with a stolen base, and the wild pitch or passed ball is disregarded.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.7.1.2 · applied
Questions people ask
- When does the scorer credit a hit instead of an error?
- When ordinary effort would not have retired the batter at first. In any doubtful situation the scorer gives the batter the benefit of the doubt.
- Is reaching base on a fielder's choice a hit?
- No. When a runner is forced out by the batted ball, no hit is credited; it is scored as a fielder's choice.
- How many bases is a walk-off hit worth?
- As many bases as the winning run advanced, provided the batter reached that many himself. A home run out of the playing field counts in full, and he and all runners score.
- What is a sacrifice fly?
- With fewer than two out, a fly ball or line drive caught in the outfield on which a runner scores. It brings an RBI for the run and no time at bat is charged.
- Does a bases-loaded walk count as a run batted in?
- Yes. A batter who forces a run home on a walk, hit by pitch, interference or obstruction is credited with an RBI.
- What is defensive indifference?
- An advance the defence does not try to prevent. It is scored as a fielder's choice, not a stolen base, after the scorer weighs the inning, the score and the fielders' attitude.
- Is it a strikeout if the batter reaches first on a dropped third strike?
- Yes. A strikeout is recorded even when the batter becomes a runner because the third strike was not caught.
Sources
WBSC Official Rules of Baseball 2025-2026, Rule 16 (paraphrased in original wording; original questions authored from the Rules, not reproduced)
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.2.1.22
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.2.1.52
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.3.1.12
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.3.32
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.4.12
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.6.1.22
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.7.2.32
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.2.1.31
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.2.2.11
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.2.1.71
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.2.1.61
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.2.1.6, 16.2.2.41
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.2.1.2, 16.2.1.71
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.3.41
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.3.51
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.3.1.31
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.4.31
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.5.11
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.5.2.11
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.5.2.21
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.51
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.6.2.11
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.8.1.11
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.5.2, 16.6.1.11
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.8.1.31
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.7.11
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.7.1.31
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.7.2.11
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.7.4.21
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.9.2.31
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.9.31
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.9.2.41
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 16.7.1.21