Baseball · Official Rules of Baseball
Law 18: Pitching Record
2 parts · 4 tests · 40 facts · updated 28 October 2026 · markdown
Law 18 of the WBSC Official Rules of Baseball 2025-2026 decides which pitchers are credited with wins, losses and saves, and which runs count against them. The winning pitcher is the one in the game when his team takes the lead it keeps to the end; each time the score is tied, the decision starts afresh. A starter must pitch the minimum innings given in Appendix A2.2, and a reliever at least one complete inning or a crucial out. The losing pitcher is the one responsible for the run that gives the opponents the lead they keep, and a pitcher is charged with every run scored by runners he left on base.
A save goes to the reliever who finishes a win without being the winner, pitching at least one-third of an inning in one of the listed situations, such as entering with the tying run on base or among the first two batters. A complete game means pitching every defensive inning; a shutout adds no runs allowed and the win. An earned run is one the pitcher is responsible for, found by reconstructing the inning without errors and passed balls, with the pitcher getting the benefit of the doubt. When pitchers change, a walk on a count in the batter's favour is charged to the previous pitcher; any other result belongs to the reliever.
The facts below cover wins, losses and saves, earned runs, and charging runs and walks across a pitching change.
18.181Wins, Losses and Saves
Who gets the win and the loss, ties as a new game, saves, complete games and shutouts.
Test 1The winning pitcherTake a test
The winning pitcher is the one in the game when his team takes the lead it keeps to the end.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.1 · recall
Whenever the score is tied, the game becomes a new game for deciding the winning pitcher.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.1.1 · recall
A starting pitcher must pitch at least the minimum innings given in Appendix A2.2 to claim the win.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.1.4 · recall
A reliever needs to pitch at least one complete inning, or be on the mound for a fundamental and crucial out.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.1.6 · recall
The scorer does not credit a brief and ineffective reliever; the win goes to the later reliever who pitched effectively.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.1.8 · applied
A complete game goes to the pitcher who starts and finishes, pitching every defensive inning without a reliever.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.4.1 · recall
A shutout is a complete game with no runs allowed; having pitched every out without a run, he must also be the winner.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.4.2 · recall
The tie makes it a new game, so the win is decided afresh from the moment the team goes ahead again.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.1.1, 18.2.1.2 · recall
Every inning, no runs, and the win: that is a shutout.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.4 · recall
When the opponents tie or go ahead, every pitcher already removed is excluded from the win.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.1.2 · applied
Test 2The losing pitcher and the saveTake a test
The losing pitcher is the one responsible for the run that gives the opponents the lead they keep to the end.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.2 · recall
A pitcher is charged with every run scored by runners he left on base, even if they score off a later pitcher.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.2.2 · applied
To earn a save, the reliever must be the pitcher who finishes the game his team wins.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.3.1 · recall
A pitcher credited with the save cannot be the winning pitcher.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.3.2 · recall
A save needs at least one-third of an inning pitched, plus one of the listed situations.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.3.3 · recall
A reliever who enters, whatever the score, with the possible tying run on base or among the first two batters meets a save condition.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.3.4 · applied
A tie wipes the slate clean for the loss as well as for the win.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.2.1 · recall
Finishing the win, not being the winner, at least one out, and a lead of three runs or fewer with an inning pitched: a save.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.3 · recall
Runs scored by runners a pitcher left on base are his, so the go-ahead run, and the loss, are his too.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.2, 18.2.2.2 · applied
He finished the win, was not the winner, and came in with a lead of three or fewer for at least an inning.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.3 · applied
18.182Earned Runs and Changing Pitchers
Rebuilding the inning without errors, unearned runs, inherited runners and the count at a change.
Test 1Earned runsTake a test
An earned run is one the pitcher is responsible for: it scores with the help of hits, walks, steals, sacrifices, outs and the like.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.3.1 · recall
Earned runs are found by reconstructing the inning without the passed balls and errors.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.3.2 · recall
When a fielder is charged with an error, the pitcher always gets the benefit of the doubt in deciding earned runs.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.3.2 · recall
A run scored by a batter who reached first on a fielding error is not an earned run.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.3.3.1.1 · applied
A run scored by a batter awarded first on catcher's interference does not count as earned.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.3.3.1.3 · applied
The balk is among the plays that can produce an earned run, along with hits, walks, steals and wild pitches.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.3.1 · applied
A run that would not have scored without an advance on an error or passed ball is not earned.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.3.3.3 · applied
Without the error the inning would have ended, so neither run is charged as earned.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.3.2, 18.3.3.1.1 · applied
A walk, a steal and a hit are all the pitcher's responsibility, so the run is earned.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.3.1 · applied
The inning should have ended on that throw; runs that follow such an error with two out are not earned.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.3.3.1.1 · applied
Test 2Changing pitchersTake a test
Runs scored by runners on base when the reliever came in are not charged to him.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.4.1 · applied
With the batter ahead in the count (2-0, 2-1, 3-0, 3-1 or 3-2), a walk is charged to the previous pitcher.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.4.2.1 · applied
With counts like 1-1, 2-2 or 0-2, the batter and whatever he does are charged to the reliever.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.4.2.3 · applied
Only a walk is charged back to the previous pitcher; a hit or any other result goes to the reliever.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.4.2.2 · applied
A reliever does not get the benefit of earlier out opportunities that were not taken when his earned runs are worked out.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.4.3 · recall
Because each reliever is charged only with what he alone caused, a run can be earned for him and unearned for the team.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.4.3.2 · recall
A 2-2 count is not in the batter's favour, so the walk is the reliever's.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.4.2.3 · applied
A walk on a count already in the batter's favour goes to the pitcher who built that count.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.4.2.1 · recall
Anything other than a walk, a hit included, belongs to the reliever.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.4.2.2 · recall
Both runners were Pitcher 1's: whoever lets them score, the runs stay on his line.
Source: WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.4.1 · applied
Questions people ask
- How is the winning pitcher decided in baseball?
- It is the pitcher in the game when his team takes the lead it keeps to the end. Whenever the score is tied, the game becomes a new game for deciding the winner.
- Can a pitcher earn both the win and the save?
- No. A pitcher credited with the save cannot be the winning pitcher.
- What does a pitcher need for a shutout?
- A complete game with no runs allowed, and he must also be the winning pitcher.
- Who is charged when a reliever lets inherited runners score?
- The pitcher who left them on base. Runs scored by runners on base when the reliever came in are not charged to the reliever.
- What makes a run unearned?
- A run that would not have scored without an error or a passed ball. A batter who reached first on a fielding error or on catcher's interference also scores an unearned run.
- Who is charged with a walk after a pitching change in mid at-bat?
- The previous pitcher, if the batter was already ahead in the count at 2-0, 2-1, 3-0, 3-1 or 3-2. On other counts, the batter and whatever he does are charged to the reliever.
- Can a run be earned for a reliever but unearned for the team?
- Yes. Each reliever is charged only with what he alone caused, so the same run can be earned for him and unearned for the team.
Sources
WBSC Official Rules of Baseball 2025-2026, Rule 18 (paraphrased in original wording; original questions authored from the Rules, not reproduced)
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.3.13
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.32
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.3.22
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.3.3.1.12
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.4.12
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.4.2.12
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.4.2.32
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.4.2.22
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.11
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.1.11
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.1.41
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.1.61
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.1.81
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.4.11
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.4.21
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.1.1, 18.2.1.21
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.41
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.1.21
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.21
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.2.21
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.3.11
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.3.21
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.3.31
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.3.41
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.2.11
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.2.2, 18.2.2.21
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.3.3.1.31
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.3.3.31
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.3.2, 18.3.3.1.11
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.4.31
- WBSC ORB 2025-2026, Rule 18.4.3.21