Skip to content
Insporta Book
en
EnglishРусскийDeutschEspañolEestiSuomiItalianoFrançaisPolski日本語한국어中文
FootballCricketFutsalTriathlonTennisGolfFigure SkatingBasketballVolleyballRugbyBaseballMethodologyWhy it worksTake a test

Baseball · Level 6: Advanced · Sub-level 6.2

Modern Analytics

10 tests · 100 facts · updated 28 October 2026 · markdown

OBP and OPS, Moneyball, Bill James and sabermetrics, wins above replacement, wOBA and wRC+, FIP, BABIP and luck, run differential, park factors, and measuring defence.

Each test below is ten questions on Insporta. The list under a test is what the questions check: one fact per question, with the source it was written from. Read it before the test, or come back from a wrong answer.

Test 1OBP and OPSTake a test

  1. OPS is on-base percentage plus slugging percentage.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  2. An OPS near .900 or more is star level; about .700 to .750 is average.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  3. Reaching base by any means avoids making an out.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  4. An on-base percentage of .400 means not making an out four times in ten.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  5. OBP and slugging use different scales, yet OPS just adds them.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  6. Ruth's career OPS was about 1.164.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  7. OPS+ sets league average at 100 and adjusts for parks.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  8. Higher OPS is better.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

  9. OBP plus SLG.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

  10. .400 plus .500 is .900.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

Test 2MoneyballTake a test

  1. Michael Lewis wrote about Oakland's 2002 season.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  2. Beane used data to compete on a small budget.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  3. Oakland found that on-base skill cost little in the market.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  4. The A's could not outspend rich clubs.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  5. The book came out in 2003.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  6. Their 20 straight wins set an American League record at the time.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  7. Pitt earned an Oscar nomination for the role.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  8. 2002, 2003, 2011.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

  9. Walks were cheapest; steals were overvalued.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

  10. Moneyball tells how Oakland used data to compete.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

Test 3Bill James and sabermetricsTake a test

  1. The word comes from SABR, the Society for American Baseball Research.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  2. James built the field with his yearly Baseball Abstract.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  3. SABR was founded in 1971.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  4. James joined Boston in late 2002; the club won in 2004, its first title since 1918.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  5. His self-published Abstract grew into a cult classic.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  6. Data that questioned traditions met resistance.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  7. It tested common beliefs against the numbers.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  8. 1971, 2002 and 2004.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

  9. Scouting came first, then sabermetrics, then tracking data.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

  10. James wrote his Baseball Abstract from his own data work.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

Test 4Wins above replacementTake a test

  1. WAR estimates a player's total value in wins.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  2. A replacement is a minor-leaguer or free agent available for little.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  3. Eight or more WAR is an elite season.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  4. Two WAR is a solid regular.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  5. Hitting, running and fielding are combined in wins.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  6. Baseball-Reference and FanGraphs calculate WAR differently.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  7. A player worse than a replacement has negative WAR.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  8. Higher WAR is better; below zero is worse than replacement.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

  9. About 8, about 2, about 0.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

  10. Eight minus two is about six wins.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

Test 5wOBA and wRC+Take a test

  1. 100 is average; each point above is one percent better.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  2. wRC+ compares a hitter's run creation to the league.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  3. Each outcome gets a value based on how many runs it is worth.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  4. A hitter in a hitter's park would otherwise look better.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  5. Weights reflect how many runs each outcome produces.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  6. wOBA is scaled to look like on-base percentage.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  7. Weighted stats track what actually produces runs.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  8. Higher is better; 100 is average.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

  9. Homers are worth most, then doubles, then walks.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

  10. wRC+ of 100 means exactly league average.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

Test 6FIP and pitching independent of defenceTake a test

  1. FIP keeps only what the pitcher controls without his fielders.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  2. Good or bad fielding behind a pitcher no longer skews the figure.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  3. McCracken's work around 2000 led to DIPS and FIP.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  4. Bad luck or bad defence can push ERA above FIP.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  5. A constant makes FIP read like an ERA.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  6. A strikeout is an out without any help.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  7. A home run is the worst outcome a pitcher controls.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  8. Strikeouts help; walks hurt; homers hurt most.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

  9. A big gap above FIP suggests bad luck that may even out.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

  10. A FIP far below ERA often points to bad luck or poor defence.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

Test 7BABIP and luckTake a test

  1. It leaves out strikeouts and home runs.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  2. Most hitters and pitchers sit near .300 over time.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  3. An unusually high BABIP often falls back over time.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  4. Speed turns some ground balls into infield hits.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  5. Where a ball in play lands is partly chance.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  6. Extreme results tend to move back towards average.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  7. Line drives fall for hits far more often.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  8. Liners fall most often; pop-ups almost never.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

  9. Lucky starts usually fade.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

  10. Lucky bloopers do not keep landing.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

Test 8Run differentialTake a test

  1. It shows how much a team outscores its opponents.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  2. Run differential predicts future records better than wins so far.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  3. It estimates win share from runs scored and allowed.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  4. Close-game luck tends not to last.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  5. Analysts often use about ten runs per win.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  6. Good relievers can turn one-run games into wins.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  7. The team has given up more than it has scored.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  8. The bigger the positive figure, the stronger the team.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

  9. RS² divided by RS² plus RA².

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

  10. Run differential shows real strength.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

Test 9Park factorsTake a test

  1. Denver's Coors Field sits about a mile above sea level.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  2. Thin air gives less drag on the ball.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  3. Storing balls in a humidor keeps them from drying out.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  4. Above 100 favours hitters; below 100 favours pitchers.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  5. A hitter at Coors may look better than he is.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  6. Deep fences turn some home runs into outs.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  7. Less air resistance means less movement.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  8. Higher numbers favour hitters.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

  9. Controlled storage keeps them from drying out.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

  10. One row of seats at Coors marks a mile above sea level.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

Test 10Measuring defenceTake a test

  1. Statcast's OAA compares the outs a fielder makes with what was expected.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  2. How far the fielder had to go, and how fast, sets the difficulty.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  3. DRS turns fielding plays into runs saved against average.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  4. Errors could not tell how much ground a fielder covers.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  5. Five-star catches have a catch probability of 25% or less.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  6. Fielding data steadies only over larger samples.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  7. Framing and blocking only became measurable with tracking data.

    Source: General baseball reference · recall

  8. Lower catch probability means a harder catch.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

  9. Fielding percentage is oldest; OAA came with Statcast.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

  10. Catch odds of 25% or less earn five stars.

    Source: General baseball reference · applied

Sources

General baseball references, WBSC and league material, coaching manuals; original questions authored, nothing reproduced. Numbered rules belong to the Rules category.

  • General baseball reference100