Law 22: Refereeing Team and Procedures

The team is the 1st and 2nd referees, the Challenge referee, the reserve referee, the scorer and the line judges.

Source: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.1 · recall

There are four line judges, or two.

Source: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.1 · recall

At the top level a Challenge referee (if VCS is in use), a reserve referee and an assistant scorer are compulsory.

Source: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.1 · recall

Only the 1st and 2nd referees may whistle during the match.

Source: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.1 · recall

The 1st referee gives the signal for the service.

Source: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.1.1 · recall

A referee ends the rally only when sure a fault has been committed and having identified its nature.

Source: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.1.2 · recall

Referees must not decide on assumptions: they whistle only when they have actually seen the fault.

Source: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.1.2; Casebook 2024 3.13.3 · applied

The 2nd referee stands at the post on the scorer's side, C; B is the 1st referee on his stand, A a line judge and D the scorer.

Source: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.1, 23.1, 24.1 · applied

One 1st referee, two referees with whistles, and four line judges.

Source: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.1, 22.2.1 · recall

The rally opens with the 1st referee's whistle and ends with a whistle followed straight away by the signals.

Source: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2 · recall

With the ball out of play they may whistle to authorise or reject a team request.

Source: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.2 · recall

The 1st referee shows, in order, the team to serve, the nature of the fault and the player at fault if needed.

Source: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.3.1 · recall

When the call is the 2nd referee's, his own signals open with what the fault was.

Source: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.3.2 · recall

Having let the 2nd referee explain the fault, the 1st referee adds only who serves next.

Source: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.3.2 · recall

Both referees indicate such a fault, following their own sequences.

Source: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.3.3 · recall

Both referees show the fault and the players; then the 1st referee indicates the team to serve.

Source: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.3.4 · recall

The player at fault comes after the team to serve and the nature of the fault, when it is necessary.

Source: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.3.1 · recall

After his own whistle, his first signal is the team to serve: the arm stretched out towards that side.

Source: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.3.1 · applied

His sequence starts with who serves next.

Source: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.3.1 · recall

His signals come first, and he copies the 1st referee's indication of who serves.

Source: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 22.2.3.2 · recall