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Lentopallo · Lentopallon viralliset säännöt

Law 23: 1st Referee

3 testiä · 30 faktaa · päivitetty 25. lokakuuta 2026 · markdown

Where the 1st referee stands, his authority over officials and teams, his duties before, during and after the match, and the faults he is primarily responsible for.

23.231Position and Authority

The referee's stand, his final decisions, overruling and replacing officials, and matters outside the rules.

Testi 1Where the 1st referee stands and his authorityTee testi

  1. He stands on a referee's stand at one end of the net, on the side opposite the scorer.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.1 · muistaminen

  2. His eyes should be approximately 50 cm above the net.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.1 · muistaminen

  3. He directs the match and has authority over all officials and all team members.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.2.1 · muistaminen

  4. During the match his decisions are final, and he may overrule other officials who are mistaken.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.2.1 · muistaminen

  5. The 1st referee may decide any matter involving the game, including those not in the rules.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.2.3 · muistaminen

  6. He may even replace an official who is not performing his functions properly.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.2.1 · muistaminen

  7. From his stand he cannot see it at the right moment, though he may still overrule a mistaken call.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.2.1, 24.3.2.2; Casebook 2024 7.10 · soveltaminen

  8. D is at the net post on the side opposite the scorer's table; A is the 2nd referee's side.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.1 · soveltaminen

  9. The 1st referee directs everyone; the 2nd referee is his assistant with his own jurisdiction.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.2.1, 24.2.1 · muistaminen

  10. The 1st referee allows no discussion but must explain on request and authorise a reserved protest.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.2.4 · soveltaminen

23.232Before, During and After the Match

Inspection, toss and warm-up, warnings and sanctions, and the score sheet at the end.

Testi 1Before, during and after the matchTee testi

  1. He inspects the conditions of the playing area, the balls and other equipment.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.3.1.1 · muistaminen

  2. He performs the toss with the team captains.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.3.1.2 · muistaminen

  3. He controls the teams' warming-up.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.3.1.3 · muistaminen

  4. He is authorised to issue warnings and to sanction misconduct and delays.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.3.2.1, 23.3.2.2 · muistaminen

  5. He also controls the work of the ball retrievers and quick moppers.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.2.2 · muistaminen

  6. He is responsible for judging, before and during the match, whether equipment and conditions are fit.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.2.5 · muistaminen

  7. He checks and signs the score sheet.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.3.3 · muistaminen

  8. This is the toss, which the 1st referee carries out with the two team captains before the match.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.1, 23.3.1.2 · soveltaminen

  9. Inspection, toss and warm-up come before the match, the score sheet after it.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.3 · muistaminen

  10. 2.43 m, about 50 cm above that, and at least 7 m.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 2.1.1, 23.1, 1.1 · soveltaminen

23.233What the 1st Referee Decides

The serving team, faults in playing the ball, the attacker's side of the net, and calls on his side of the court.

Testi 1What the 1st referee decidesTee testi

  1. He decides the faults of the server and of the positions of the serving team, including the screen.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.3.2.3 · muistaminen

  2. Faults in playing the ball are in the 1st referee's list.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.3.2.3 · muistaminen

  3. He takes faults above the net and net contact primarily, not exclusively, on the attacker's side.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.3.2.3 · muistaminen

  4. Such faults are listed twice, once for each referee.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.3.2.3, 24.3.2.4 · muistaminen

  5. He decides those on his side of the court; the 2nd referee those on his.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.3.2.3 · muistaminen

  6. The ball crossing the lower space completely is listed among his decisions.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.3.2.3 · muistaminen

  7. He permits no discussion, but explains to the game captain the rule his decision was based on.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.2.4 · muistaminen

  8. Net contact on the attacker's side is primarily the 1st referee's; the 2nd referee watches the blocker's side.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 11.3.1, 23.3.2.3 · soveltaminen

  9. For a back-row attack fault both referees indicate it, each in his own sequence.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 13.3.3, 22.2.3.3 · soveltaminen

  10. After his whistle he signals who serves, the fault and, if needed, the player.

    Lähde: FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 9.3.3, 22.2.3.1 · soveltaminen

Lähteet

FIVB Official Volleyball Rules 2025-2028, Rule 23 (paraphrased in original wording; original questions authored from the Rules, not reproduced)

  • FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.3.2.35
  • FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.13
  • FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.2.13
  • FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.2.42
  • FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.2.31
  • FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.2.1, 24.3.2.2; Casebook 2024 7.101
  • FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.2.1, 24.2.11
  • FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.3.1.11
  • FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.3.1.21
  • FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.3.1.31
  • FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.3.2.1, 23.3.2.21
  • FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.2.21
  • FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.2.51
  • FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.3.31
  • FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 7.1, 23.3.1.21
  • FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.31
  • FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 2.1.1, 23.1, 1.11
  • FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 23.3.2.3, 24.3.2.41
  • FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 11.3.1, 23.3.2.31
  • FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 13.3.3, 22.2.3.31
  • FIVB OVR 2025-2028, Rule 9.3.3, 22.2.3.11