Figure Skating · Pair Skating Rules
Law 2: Throws, side-by-side jumps, death spirals and steps
1 parts · 2 tests · 20 facts · updated 19 October 2026 · markdown
What a throw jump is and how it lands, how a side-by-side jump with unequal revolutions is called, how pair elements are linked, what the Man and the Woman must do in a death spiral, and how a pair skates its step sequence.
2.21Throws, side-by-side jumps, death spirals and steps
Throw jumps, side-by-side jumps and linking; death spirals and step sequences.
Test 1Throws, side-by-side jumps and linkingTake a test
A throw jump is partner assisted: the Man throws the Woman into the air on the take-off and she lands without his help. Catching her at the waist is what happens in a twist lift.
Source: ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (Throw jumps) · recall
The Woman lands a throw jump unassisted on a backward outside edge.
Source: ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (Throw jumps) · recall
The Man's part is the throw on the take-off; the landing is the Woman's alone, without assistance from her partner.
Source: ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (Throw jumps) · applied
When the partners' revolutions differ in a jump, it is called as the jump with the lesser number of revolutions.
Source: ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (Solo jumps) · applied
The rule applies to a jump performed as a solo jump or as part of a combination or sequence: each jump is called with the lesser revolutions of the partners.
Source: ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (Solo jumps) · applied
Movements performed entirely on two feet must be kept to a minimum.
Source: ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (General a) · recall
Elements are linked by connecting steps of a different nature and comparable movements, with a variety of positions and holds, using the entire ice surface, in time to the music.
Source: ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (General, d) · recall
The Man's throw happens on the take-off; the rotation and the landing on a backward outside edge are the Woman's alone.
Source: ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (Throw jumps) · applied
Each is called with the lesser revolutions of the partners: a single, a double and a triple.
Source: ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (Solo jumps) · applied
B pairs a triple with a double, so it is called a double; A and D are called triples, C a single.
Source: ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (Solo jumps) · applied
Test 2Death spirals and step sequencesTake a test
One skate of the Woman must remain on the ice throughout the death spiral.
Source: ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (General c) · recall
While the Woman performs the actual death spiral, both partners must complete at least one revolution in the final position.
Source: ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (Death Spirals) · recall
The Man must be in a full pivot with his knees clearly bent, centred, with a fully extended arm.
Source: ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (Death Spirals) · recall
Her head must be close to the ice but not touch it, and she may not assist herself with the free hand or any part of her body; her weight is carried by the spiralling edge and the Man's hold.
Source: ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (Death Spirals) · recall
Any kind of position is counted as a feature if the partners' hold lasts for at least one revolution.
Source: ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (Death Spirals) · recall
Step sequences are skated together or close together and must fully utilise the ice surface.
Source: ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (Step sequences) · recall
Credit goes to pairs that change places and holds or use difficult moves together, and the workload must be even between the partners to count for a higher level.
Source: ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (Step sequences) · recall
In the final position both partners complete at least one revolution, the Man in a bent-knee pivot with his arm fully extended, the Woman on a clean edge with her head close to the ice.
Source: ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (Death Spirals) · applied
The rules want at least a full pivot with the knees clearly bent; for a possibly higher level the Man stays low, the lower part of his buttocks no higher than the top of his pivot knee.
Source: ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (Death Spirals) · applied
A low pivot has the lower part of the Man's buttocks no higher than the upper part of the knee of his pivot foot. Only C is that low.
Source: ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (Death Spirals) · applied
Sources
ISU Sports Rules, Single & Pair Skating and Ice Dance, effective 12 June 2026, Rule 619 (general, throw jumps, solo jumps, death spirals, step sequences) (paraphrased in original wording; original questions authored from the rules, not reproduced)
- ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (Death Spirals)7
- ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (Throw jumps)4
- ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (Solo jumps)4
- ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (Step sequences)2
- ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (General a)1
- ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (General, d)1
- ISU Sports Rules S&P/ID 2026, Rule 619 (General c)1