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Футбол · Интересные факты

Глава 7: География и культура

10 тестов · 100 фактов · обновлено 23 октября 2026 г. · markdown

Where football is played and how it shaped culture: FIFA's footprint, football's smallest nations, Africa, Asia and the Americas, the language of the game, songs and anthems, football on screen and in books, stands with stories and the museums that keep its treasures.

7.71Глобальный охват футбола

Как далеко простирается руководящий орган футбола, где географически находятся корни и рекорды игры и какая культура стоит за двумя знаменитыми прозвищами сборных.

Тест 1Охват ФИФА, география футбола и культура сборныхПройти тест

  1. Среди 211 членов FIFA есть территории, такие как Англия, Шотландия, Уэльс и Гонконг, не являющиеся суверенными государствами-членами ООН, поэтому их больше, чем 193 государств ООН.

    Источник: Сверенные исторические обзоры: число членов FIFA и ООН · знание

  2. FIFA называет цуцзюй, игру с ударами по кожаному мячу, задокументированную со времён династии Хань, самым ранним свидетельством игры, похожей на футбол.

    Источник: Сверенные исторические обзоры: признание cuju со стороны FIFA · знание

  3. Открытый в 1989 году стадион Rungrado 1st of May вмещает около 114,000 зрителей после реконструкции 2014 года, что делает его крупнейшим футбольным стадионом мира по вместимости.

    Источник: Сверенные исторические обзоры: Rungrado 1st of May Stadium · знание

  4. Estadio Hernando Siles в Ла-Пасе расположен примерно на высоте 3,600 метров над уровнем моря, что делает его одной из самых высоких арен в международном футболе.

    Источник: Сверенные исторические обзоры: Estadio Hernando Siles · знание

  5. Сборная Нидерландов играет в оранжевом и получает прозвище «Oranje» от Оранско-Нассауского дома, королевской семьи, происходящей от Вильгельма Оранского.

    Источник: Сверенные исторические обзоры: прозвище Oranje · знание

  6. Имея население около 335,000 человек, Исландия обыграла Косово и квалифицировалась на чемпионат мира 2018 года, безусловно самая маленькая страна, когда-либо попадавшая на этот турнир.

    Источник: Сверенные публикации: выход Исландии на чемпионат мира 2018 года · знание

  7. После того как белую форму Бразилии обвинили в поражении в финале чемпионата мира 1950 года, газетный конкурс 1953 года дал жёлтую футболку, прозванную «Canarinho» («канарейка») за её цвет.

    Источник: Сверенные исторические обзоры: жёлтая форма сборной Бразилии · знание

  8. 211 членов FIFA входят в одну из шести конфедераций: УЕФА, CONMEBOL, CONCACAF, CAF, AFC и OFC.

    Источник: FIFA, inside.fifa.com/about-fifa/associations/news/statement-by-fifa-and-the-six-confederations · знание

  9. Известный по меньшей мере с конца 15 века и формально кодифицированный в 1580 году, Calcio Storico Fiorentino по-прежнему играют каждый июнь во Флоренции команды четырёх исторических кварталов города.

    Источник: Сверенные исторические обзоры: Calcio Storico Fiorentino · знание

  10. Сан-Марино обыграл Лихтенштейн 1-0 5 сентября 2024 года в Лиге наций, это их первая победа в официальных матчах: до неё их официальный баланс составлял 171 поражение и пять ничьих в 176 матчах.

    Источник: Сверенные публикации: первая официальная победа Сан-Марино в 2024 году · знание

7.72Football's Smallest Nations

The Faroe Islands' first win, Gibraltar and Kosovo, the Other Final, American Samoa and Andorra.

Тест 1Small football nationsПройти тест

  1. The European Championship qualifier was played in Landskrona, Sweden, because the islands had no grass pitch good enough.

    Источник: Faroese Football Association, '1990: Faroe Islands 1-0 Austria' (fsf.fo); UEFA · знание

  2. UEFA would not allow the match on the islands' artificial pitches.

    Источник: Faroese Football Association, '1990: Faroe Islands 1-0 Austria' (fsf.fo); UEFA · знание

  3. Its national team played its first official match against Slovakia that November.

    Источник: Gibraltar FA, 'UEFA membership 2013' (gibraltarfa.com); UEFA · знание

  4. Both votes came in May 2016.

    Источник: Football Federation of Kosovo (ffk-kosova.com); FIFA and UEFA congress decisions, May 2016 · знание

  5. The two lowest-ranked sides in the world met on the day of the Yokohama final; Bhutan won 4-0.

    Источник: Bhutan Football Federation and the documentary 'The Other Final' (2003); FIFA · знание

  6. They won 2-1 in a World Cup qualifier, ten years after losing 31-0 to Australia.

    Источник: Football Federation American Samoa (ffas.as); FIFA, 2011 qualifier report · знание

  7. They won 1-0 in a World Cup qualifier.

    Источник: Federació Andorrana de Futbol (faf.ad); UEFA, Euro 2004 qualifying · знание

  8. 1990, 2002, 2004 and 2011.

    Источник: FIFA (inside.fifa.com) and UEFA (uefa.com) match records · знание

  9. 1990, 1996, 2013 and 2016.

    Источник: UEFA, 'Member associations' (uefa.com) · знание

  10. Bhutan's national stadium stands in the valley of the Wang Chhu river.

    Источник: Bhutan Football Federation and the documentary 'The Other Final' (2003); FIFA · знание

7.73Football in Africa

The Black Stars, Bafana Bafana, the vuvuzela, Olympic golds, Al Ahly and Egypt's three in a row.

Тест 1African footballПройти тест

  1. The black star on Ghana's flag also comes from Garvey's Black Star Line.

    Источник: Ghana Football Association, 'Why the Black Stars?' (ghanafa.org) · знание

  2. The women's team are known as Banyana Banyana, 'the girls'.

    Источник: South African Football Association, 'Bafana Bafana' (safa.net); FIFA 2010 World Cup reports · знание

  3. They are Les Éléphants; an elephant's head is also on the country's coat of arms.

    Источник: Fédération Ivoirienne de Football, 'Les Éléphants' (fif.ci) · знание

  4. Nigeria beat Argentina 3-2 in the final in Athens, Georgia.

    Источник: Nigeria Football Federation (thenff.com); Olympics.com, Atlanta 1996 football final · знание

  5. Cameroon beat Spain on penalties in the final.

    Источник: Olympics.com, 'Sydney 2000 football final'; FECAFOOT · знание

  6. The Cairo club has won more CAF titles than any other.

    Источник: Al Ahly SC, 'African club of the century' (alahlyegypt.com); CAF · знание

  7. Egypt won in 2006, 2008 and 2010.

    Источник: Egyptian Football Association (efa.com.eg); CAF, Africa Cup of Nations records · знание

  8. 1957, 1996, 2000 and 2010.

    Источник: CAF (cafonline.com) and Olympics.com records · знание

  9. 2006, 2008 and 2010.

    Источник: Egyptian Football Association (efa.com.eg); CAF, Africa Cup of Nations records · знание

  10. Some broadcasters filtered out the drone.

    Источник: South African Football Association, 'Bafana Bafana' (safa.net); FIFA 2010 World Cup reports · знание

7.74Football in Asia

The J.League, Zico at Kashima, the first Asian pro league, the ISL, Samurai Blue and Owairan's goal.

Тест 1Asian footballПройти тест

  1. It began with ten clubs.

    Источник: Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co) · знание

  2. He played for and later advised the club.

    Источник: Kashima Antlers, 'Zico' (antlers.co.jp) · знание

  3. It was then called the Korean Super League.

    Источник: Korea Football Association and K League, 'History' (kleague.com) · знание

  4. It brought in well-known foreign players in their thirties.

    Источник: Indian Super League, 'About' (indiansuperleague.com) · знание

  5. The women's team are called Nadeshiko Japan.

    Источник: Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co) · знание

  6. He ran from his own half; Saudi Arabia reached the last 16.

    Источник: Saudi Arabian Football Federation; FIFA, '1994: Owairan's goal against Belgium' (inside.fifa.com) · знание

  7. They lost all three group matches.

    Источник: Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co) · знание

  8. 1983, 1993, 2004 and 2014.

    Источник: AFC (the-afc.com), J.League and K League records · знание

  9. 1954, 1994, 1998 and 2002.

    Источник: AFC (the-afc.com), J.League and K League records · знание

  10. It is called Yatagarasu and is said to have guided an emperor.

    Источник: Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co) · знание

7.75Football in the Americas

MLS and the NASL, Trinidad and Tobago, Canada, the Reggae Boyz, Panama and the word 'soccer'.

Тест 1Football in the AmericasПройти тест

  1. He scored for the San Jose Clash against DC United.

    Источник: Major League Soccer, 'The first MLS match, 1996' (mlssoccer.com) · знание

  2. It folded after the 1984 season.

    Источник: U.S. Soccer, 'History of the NASL' (ussoccer.com) · знание

  3. Iceland took the record in 2018.

    Источник: Trinidad and Tobago Football Association; FIFA 2006 World Cup reports · знание

  4. They lost all three matches in Mexico without scoring.

    Источник: Canada Soccer, '1986 World Cup' (canadasoccer.com) · знание

  5. It was the first English-speaking Caribbean side at a World Cup.

    Источник: Jamaica Football Federation, '1998: the Reggae Boyz' (jff.com.jm) · знание

  6. Felipe Baloy scored in a 6-1 defeat; fans celebrated as if they had won.

    Источник: FEPAFUT Panama; FIFA, 2018 World Cup match report England v Panama · знание

  7. DC won 3-2 after extra time in the rain at Foxborough.

    Источник: Major League Soccer, 'The first MLS match, 1996' (mlssoccer.com) · знание

  8. 1968, 1986, 1996, 1998 and 2018.

    Источник: FIFA (inside.fifa.com), MLS and CONCACAF records · знание

  9. 1986, 1998, 2006 and 2018.

    Источник: FIFA (inside.fifa.com), MLS and CONCACAF records · знание

  10. 'Assoc' became 'soccer', to tell association football from rugger.

    Источник: Oxford English Dictionary, 'soccer' etymology; The FA · знание

7.76The Language of Football

Hat-tricks, the beautiful game, the Socceroos, La Albiceleste, El Tri, Fergie time and 'olé'.

Тест 1Football words and nicknamesПройти тест

  1. A bowler who took three wickets with three balls was given a hat in 1858.

    Источник: Marylebone Cricket Club, 'The origin of the hat-trick' (lords.org) · знание

  2. He used it as the title of his 1977 autobiography.

    Источник: Pelé, 'My Life and the Beautiful Game' (1977); FIFA · знание

  3. It is also the name of the old Florentine game, calcio storico.

    Источник: Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · знание

  4. 'Albiceleste' means 'white and sky blue'.

    Источник: AFA, 'La Albiceleste' (afa.com.ar) · знание

  5. The flag is green, white and red.

    Источник: Mexican Football Federation, 'El Tri' (miseleccion.mx) · знание

  6. It was named after Sir Alex Ferguson, who was often seen pointing at his watch.

    Источник: Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · знание

  7. The crowd greets each pass as it would a matador's move.

    Источник: Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · знание

  8. Argentina in 1930, Australia in 1974, Japan in 1998 and Ghana in 2006.

    Источник: Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · знание

  9. Cricket in 1858, Oxford in the 1880s, Pelé's 1977 book and the 1990s.

    Источник: Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · знание

  10. The name took hold in the 1960s and 1970s; Australia first reached a World Cup in 1974.

    Источник: Football Australia, 'Why the Socceroos?' (footballaustralia.com.au) · знание

7.77Songs and Anthems

Zadok the Priest, Three Lions, Blue Moon, Bubbles, Seven Nation Army, World in Motion and Waka Waka.

Тест 1Football songsПройти тест

  1. Tony Britten adapted one of Handel's coronation anthems in 1992.

    Источник: UEFA, 'The Champions League anthem' (uefa.com) · знание

  2. It was written by David Baddiel, Frank Skinner and the Lightning Seeds.

    Источник: The FA (englandfootball.com) and Scottish FA records of official team songs · знание

  3. The song was taken up in the late 1980s.

    Источник: Manchester City, 'Blue Moon' heritage pages (mancity.com) · знание

  4. The song dates from 1918 and was taken up in the 1920s.

    Источник: West Ham United, 'I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles' (whufc.com) · знание

  5. The riff by The White Stripes went on to Italy's 2006 World Cup and beyond.

    Источник: Club Brugge, 'Seven Nation Army' (clubbrugge.be); UEFA · знание

  6. John Barnes performed the rap.

    Источник: The FA (englandfootball.com), Scottish FA and FIFA records of World Cup songs · знание

  7. She performed it at the closing ceremony in Johannesburg.

    Источник: FIFA, 'Waka Waka, the official song of 2010' (fifa.com) · знание

  8. 1970, 1978, 1990 and 1996.

    Источник: The FA (englandfootball.com), Scottish FA and FIFA records of World Cup songs · знание

  9. 1918, 1992, 2003 and 2010.

    Источник: The FA (englandfootball.com), Scottish FA and FIFA records of World Cup songs · знание

  10. Handel wrote it for George II's coronation in 1727.

    Источник: UEFA, 'The Champions League anthem' (uefa.com) · знание

7.78Football on Page and Screen

Fever Pitch, The Damned United, Roy of the Rovers, Captain Tsubasa, Ted Lasso and Looking for Eric.

Тест 1Football in books, comics and filmПройти тест

  1. It was later filmed twice, once with a baseball story.

    Источник: Penguin Books, 'Fever Pitch' by Nick Hornby (1992) · знание

  2. Spall played his assistant Peter Taylor and Meaney played Don Revie.

    Источник: Faber & Faber, 'The Damned United' by David Peace (2006); BFI, 'The Damned United' (2009) · знание

  3. The comic strip began in 1954.

    Источник: Rebellion, 'Roy of the Rovers: 1954 to today' (royoftherovers.com) · знание

  4. Players such as Alessandro Del Piero and Fernando Torres have spoken of it.

    Источник: Shueisha, 'Captain Tsubasa' (1981); Japan Football Association · знание

  5. The series began in 2020.

    Источник: Apple TV+, 'Ted Lasso' (2020) · знание

  6. The film is about a postman who imagines Cantona giving him advice.

    Источник: Sixteen Films, 'Looking for Eric' (Ken Loach, 2009) · знание

  7. It follows a boy whose father returns from a Soviet prison camp.

    Источник: Senator Film, 'Das Wunder von Bern' (Sönke Wortmann, 2003) · знание

  8. 1954, 1981, 1992, 2006 and 2020.

    Источник: Publishers' and studios' release records (Penguin, Faber, Rebellion, Shueisha, Apple TV+) · знание

  9. 2003, 2005 and 2009.

    Источник: Publishers' and studios' release records (Penguin, Faber, Rebellion, Shueisha, Apple TV+) · знание

  10. He had coached a college team in Kansas.

    Источник: Apple TV+, 'Ted Lasso' (2020) · знание

7.79Stands and Grounds With Stories

The Kop, the Holte End, the Gallowgate, the Shed, the Maracanã's name and Wembley's towers.

Тест 1Stands and stadium namesПройти тест

  1. Spion Kop was fought in 1900; many soldiers from Lancashire died there.

    Источник: Liverpool FC, 'The Kop and Spion Kop' (liverpoolfc.com) · знание

  2. The Holte Hotel stood beside Villa Park.

    Источник: Aston Villa, 'The Holte End' (avfc.co.uk) · знание

  3. Public executions were once held there.

    Источник: Newcastle United, 'St James' Park: the Gallowgate End' (nufc.co.uk) · знание

  4. Mário Filho had campaigned for the stadium to be built in Rio.

    Источник: Estádio do Maracanã, 'História' (maracana.com) · знание

  5. The new stadium opened in 2007 with its arch instead.

    Источник: Wembley Stadium, 'The twin towers' (wembleystadium.com) · знание

  6. The stadium was once called the Central Lenin Stadium.

    Источник: Luzhniki Stadium, 'History' (luzhniki.ru) · знание

  7. The roof was put up in the 1930s for the greyhound crowds.

    Источник: Chelsea FC, 'The Shed End' (chelseafc.com) · знание

  8. 1900, 1906 and 1950.

    Источник: Club heritage pages: liverpoolfc.com, avfc.co.uk, nufc.co.uk, manutd.com, chelseafc.com · знание

  9. 1950, 1956, 2003 and 2007.

    Источник: Wembley Stadium, 'The twin towers' (wembleystadium.com) · знание

  10. It opened in 1923, in time for the FA Cup final.

    Источник: Wembley Stadium, 'The twin towers' (wembleystadium.com) · знание

7.80Museums and Old Treasures

The National Football Museum, FIFA's museum, the Museu do Futebol, the Stirling ball and the 1858 rules.

Тест 1Football museumsПройти тест

  1. It opened at Deepdale, Preston's ground, in 2001.

    Источник: National Football Museum, 'About us' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · знание

  2. It holds trophies, shirts and records from FIFA's history.

    Источник: FIFA Museum, Zurich (fifamuseum.com) · знание

  3. The museum sits under the stadium's stands.

    Источник: Museu do Futebol, São Paulo (museudofutebol.org.br) · знание

  4. It is kept at the Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum.

    Источник: Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum, 'The world's oldest football' (smithartgalleryandmuseum.co.uk) · знание

  5. The money helped the world's oldest club.

    Источник: Sotheby's, sale of Sheffield FC's 1858 rules (2011); Sheffield FC (sheffieldfc.com) · знание

  6. Visitors also tour the stadium.

    Источник: FC Barcelona, 'Barça Museum' (fcbarcelona.com) · знание

  7. It is run by the National Football Museum.

    Источник: National Football Museum, 'Hall of Fame' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · знание

  8. 2001, 2008, 2012 and 2016.

    Источник: National Football Museum, FIFA Museum and Museu do Futebol official histories · знание

  9. The 1540s, 1858 and 1863.

    Источник: National Football Museum, FIFA Museum and Museu do Futebol official histories · знание

  10. It was found behind panelling in the Queen's Chamber in the 1970s.

    Источник: Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum, 'The world's oldest football' (smithartgalleryandmuseum.co.uk) · знание

Источники

Первичные и официальные источники там, где они есть: FIFA (fifa.com, inside.fifa.com). Ряд фактов о географии и культуре опирается на несколько сверенных источников, кроме Wikipedia, так как единой официальной архивной страницы для них не найдено; это отмечено у каждого вопроса. Без ссылок на Wikipedia. Пересказано своими словами; оригинальные вопросы составлены самостоятельно.

  • Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms'5
  • Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co)4
  • The FA (englandfootball.com), Scottish FA and FIFA records of World Cup songs3
  • Wembley Stadium, 'The twin towers' (wembleystadium.com)3
  • Faroese Football Association, '1990: Faroe Islands 1-0 Austria' (fsf.fo); UEFA2
  • Bhutan Football Federation and the documentary 'The Other Final' (2003); FIFA2
  • South African Football Association, 'Bafana Bafana' (safa.net); FIFA 2010 World Cup reports2
  • Egyptian Football Association (efa.com.eg); CAF, Africa Cup of Nations records2
  • AFC (the-afc.com), J.League and K League records2
  • Major League Soccer, 'The first MLS match, 1996' (mlssoccer.com)2
  • FIFA (inside.fifa.com), MLS and CONCACAF records2
  • UEFA, 'The Champions League anthem' (uefa.com)2
  • Apple TV+, 'Ted Lasso' (2020)2
  • Publishers' and studios' release records (Penguin, Faber, Rebellion, Shueisha, Apple TV+)2
  • Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum, 'The world's oldest football' (smithartgalleryandmuseum.co.uk)2
  • National Football Museum, FIFA Museum and Museu do Futebol official histories2
  • Сверенные исторические обзоры: число членов FIFA и ООН1
  • Сверенные исторические обзоры: признание cuju со стороны FIFA1
  • Сверенные исторические обзоры: Rungrado 1st of May Stadium1
  • Сверенные исторические обзоры: Estadio Hernando Siles1
  • Сверенные исторические обзоры: прозвище Oranje1
  • Сверенные публикации: выход Исландии на чемпионат мира 2018 года1
  • Сверенные исторические обзоры: жёлтая форма сборной Бразилии1
  • FIFA, inside.fifa.com/about-fifa/associations/news/statement-by-fifa-and-the-six-confederations1
  • Сверенные исторические обзоры: Calcio Storico Fiorentino1
  • Сверенные публикации: первая официальная победа Сан-Марино в 2024 году1
  • Gibraltar FA, 'UEFA membership 2013' (gibraltarfa.com); UEFA1
  • Football Federation of Kosovo (ffk-kosova.com); FIFA and UEFA congress decisions, May 20161
  • Football Federation American Samoa (ffas.as); FIFA, 2011 qualifier report1
  • Federació Andorrana de Futbol (faf.ad); UEFA, Euro 2004 qualifying1
  • FIFA (inside.fifa.com) and UEFA (uefa.com) match records1
  • UEFA, 'Member associations' (uefa.com)1
  • Ghana Football Association, 'Why the Black Stars?' (ghanafa.org)1
  • Fédération Ivoirienne de Football, 'Les Éléphants' (fif.ci)1
  • Nigeria Football Federation (thenff.com); Olympics.com, Atlanta 1996 football final1
  • Olympics.com, 'Sydney 2000 football final'; FECAFOOT1
  • Al Ahly SC, 'African club of the century' (alahlyegypt.com); CAF1
  • CAF (cafonline.com) and Olympics.com records1
  • Kashima Antlers, 'Zico' (antlers.co.jp)1
  • Korea Football Association and K League, 'History' (kleague.com)1
  • Indian Super League, 'About' (indiansuperleague.com)1
  • Saudi Arabian Football Federation; FIFA, '1994: Owairan's goal against Belgium' (inside.fifa.com)1
  • U.S. Soccer, 'History of the NASL' (ussoccer.com)1
  • Trinidad and Tobago Football Association; FIFA 2006 World Cup reports1
  • Canada Soccer, '1986 World Cup' (canadasoccer.com)1
  • Jamaica Football Federation, '1998: the Reggae Boyz' (jff.com.jm)1
  • FEPAFUT Panama; FIFA, 2018 World Cup match report England v Panama1
  • Oxford English Dictionary, 'soccer' etymology; The FA1
  • Marylebone Cricket Club, 'The origin of the hat-trick' (lords.org)1
  • Pelé, 'My Life and the Beautiful Game' (1977); FIFA1
  • AFA, 'La Albiceleste' (afa.com.ar)1
  • Mexican Football Federation, 'El Tri' (miseleccion.mx)1
  • Football Australia, 'Why the Socceroos?' (footballaustralia.com.au)1
  • The FA (englandfootball.com) and Scottish FA records of official team songs1
  • Manchester City, 'Blue Moon' heritage pages (mancity.com)1
  • West Ham United, 'I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles' (whufc.com)1
  • Club Brugge, 'Seven Nation Army' (clubbrugge.be); UEFA1
  • FIFA, 'Waka Waka, the official song of 2010' (fifa.com)1
  • Penguin Books, 'Fever Pitch' by Nick Hornby (1992)1
  • Faber & Faber, 'The Damned United' by David Peace (2006); BFI, 'The Damned United' (2009)1
  • Rebellion, 'Roy of the Rovers: 1954 to today' (royoftherovers.com)1
  • Shueisha, 'Captain Tsubasa' (1981); Japan Football Association1
  • Sixteen Films, 'Looking for Eric' (Ken Loach, 2009)1
  • Senator Film, 'Das Wunder von Bern' (Sönke Wortmann, 2003)1
  • Liverpool FC, 'The Kop and Spion Kop' (liverpoolfc.com)1
  • Aston Villa, 'The Holte End' (avfc.co.uk)1
  • Newcastle United, 'St James' Park: the Gallowgate End' (nufc.co.uk)1
  • Estádio do Maracanã, 'História' (maracana.com)1
  • Luzhniki Stadium, 'History' (luzhniki.ru)1
  • Chelsea FC, 'The Shed End' (chelseafc.com)1
  • Club heritage pages: liverpoolfc.com, avfc.co.uk, nufc.co.uk, manutd.com, chelseafc.com1
  • National Football Museum, 'About us' (nationalfootballmuseum.com)1
  • FIFA Museum, Zurich (fifamuseum.com)1
  • Museu do Futebol, São Paulo (museudofutebol.org.br)1
  • Sotheby's, sale of Sheffield FC's 1858 rules (2011); Sheffield FC (sheffieldfc.com)1
  • FC Barcelona, 'Barça Museum' (fcbarcelona.com)1
  • National Football Museum, 'Hall of Fame' (nationalfootballmuseum.com)1