第7章：地理と文化

FIFAの加盟協会は211あり、イングランド、スコットランド、ウェールズ、香港のように国連加盟の主権国家ではない地域も含まれるため、国連加盟国の193を上回っています。

出典：FIFAと国連の加盟数に関する史料の相互照合 · 想起

FIFAは、漢の時代から記録が残る、革のボールを蹴る遊戯の蹴鞠（しゅうきく）を、サッカーに似た遊びの最古の証拠としています。

出典：中国の蹴鞠のFIFAによる認定に関する史料の相互照合 · 想起

綾羅島メーデー・スタジアムは1989年に開場し、2014年の改修後は約11万4000人を収容できる、収容人数で世界最大のサッカースタジアムです。

出典：綾羅島メーデー・スタジアムに関する史料の相互照合 · 想起

ラパスのエスタディオ・エルナンド・シレスは海抜約3,600mにあり、国際サッカーで最も標高の高い会場のひとつです。

出典：エスタディオ・エルナンド・シレスに関する史料の相互照合 · 想起

オランダ代表はオレンジ色のユニフォームを着用し、オラニエ公ウィレムの流れをくむ王家、オラニエ=ナッサウ家にちなんで「オランイェ」の愛称で呼ばれています。

出典：「オランイェ」という愛称に関する史料の相互照合 · 想起

人口約33万5000人のアイスランドは、コソボを破って2018年ワールドカップ出場を決めました。本大会に出場した国としては、他を大きく引き離して史上最小です。

出典：アイスランドの2018年ワールドカップ出場権獲得に関する報道の相互照合 · 想起

1950年ワールドカップ決勝の敗戦は白いユニフォームのせいだとされ、1953年に新聞が行ったコンテストから黄色いシャツが生まれました。ブラジルのこのシャツは、その色から「カナリーニョ」（小さなカナリア）の愛称で呼ばれています。

出典：ブラジルの黄色いユニフォームに関する史料の相互照合 · 想起

FIFAの加盟協会211は、UEFA、CONMEBOL、CONCACAF、CAF、AFC、OFCの6つの大陸連盟のいずれかに所属しています。

出典：FIFA, inside.fifa.com/about-fifa/associations/news/statement-by-fifa-and-the-six-confederations · 想起

カルチョ・ストリコ・フィオレンティーノは、少なくとも15世紀後半にさかのぼり、1580年に正式に成文化された競技で、現在もフィレンツェで毎年6月に、市内の4つの歴史的地区のチームによって行われています。

出典：カルチョ・フィオレンティーノに関する史料の相互照合 · 想起

サンマリノは2024年9月5日のネーションズリーグでリヒテンシュタインに1-0で勝ち、公式戦初勝利を挙げました。それまでの公式戦の成績は、176試合で171敗5分けでした。

出典：サンマリノの2024年の公式戦初勝利に関する報道の相互照合 · 想起

The European Championship qualifier was played in Landskrona, Sweden, because the islands had no grass pitch good enough.

出典：Faroese Football Association, '1990: Faroe Islands 1-0 Austria' (fsf.fo); UEFA · 想起

UEFA would not allow the match on the islands' artificial pitches.

出典：Faroese Football Association, '1990: Faroe Islands 1-0 Austria' (fsf.fo); UEFA · 想起

Its national team played its first official match against Slovakia that November.

出典：Gibraltar FA, 'UEFA membership 2013' (gibraltarfa.com); UEFA · 想起

Both votes came in May 2016.

出典：Football Federation of Kosovo (ffk-kosova.com); FIFA and UEFA congress decisions, May 2016 · 想起

The two lowest-ranked sides in the world met on the day of the Yokohama final; Bhutan won 4-0.

出典：Bhutan Football Federation and the documentary 'The Other Final' (2003); FIFA · 想起

They won 2-1 in a World Cup qualifier, ten years after losing 31-0 to Australia.

出典：Football Federation American Samoa (ffas.as); FIFA, 2011 qualifier report · 想起

They won 1-0 in a World Cup qualifier.

出典：Federació Andorrana de Futbol (faf.ad); UEFA, Euro 2004 qualifying · 想起

1990, 2002, 2004 and 2011.

出典：FIFA (inside.fifa.com) and UEFA (uefa.com) match records · 想起

1990, 1996, 2013 and 2016.

出典：UEFA, 'Member associations' (uefa.com) · 想起

Bhutan's national stadium stands in the valley of the Wang Chhu river.

出典：Bhutan Football Federation and the documentary 'The Other Final' (2003); FIFA · 想起

The black star on Ghana's flag also comes from Garvey's Black Star Line.

出典：Ghana Football Association, 'Why the Black Stars?' (ghanafa.org) · 想起

The women's team are known as Banyana Banyana, 'the girls'.

出典：South African Football Association, 'Bafana Bafana' (safa.net); FIFA 2010 World Cup reports · 想起

They are Les Éléphants; an elephant's head is also on the country's coat of arms.

出典：Fédération Ivoirienne de Football, 'Les Éléphants' (fif.ci) · 想起

Nigeria beat Argentina 3-2 in the final in Athens, Georgia.

出典：Nigeria Football Federation (thenff.com); Olympics.com, Atlanta 1996 football final · 想起

Cameroon beat Spain on penalties in the final.

出典：Olympics.com, 'Sydney 2000 football final'; FECAFOOT · 想起

The Cairo club has won more CAF titles than any other.

出典：Al Ahly SC, 'African club of the century' (alahlyegypt.com); CAF · 想起

Egypt won in 2006, 2008 and 2010.

出典：Egyptian Football Association (efa.com.eg); CAF, Africa Cup of Nations records · 想起

1957, 1996, 2000 and 2010.

出典：CAF (cafonline.com) and Olympics.com records · 想起

2006, 2008 and 2010.

出典：Egyptian Football Association (efa.com.eg); CAF, Africa Cup of Nations records · 想起

Some broadcasters filtered out the drone.

出典：South African Football Association, 'Bafana Bafana' (safa.net); FIFA 2010 World Cup reports · 想起

It began with ten clubs.

出典：Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co) · 想起

He played for and later advised the club.

出典：Kashima Antlers, 'Zico' (antlers.co.jp) · 想起

It was then called the Korean Super League.

出典：Korea Football Association and K League, 'History' (kleague.com) · 想起

It brought in well-known foreign players in their thirties.

出典：Indian Super League, 'About' (indiansuperleague.com) · 想起

The women's team are called Nadeshiko Japan.

出典：Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co) · 想起

He ran from his own half; Saudi Arabia reached the last 16.

出典：Saudi Arabian Football Federation; FIFA, '1994: Owairan's goal against Belgium' (inside.fifa.com) · 想起

They lost all three group matches.

出典：Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co) · 想起

1983, 1993, 2004 and 2014.

出典：AFC (the-afc.com), J.League and K League records · 想起

1954, 1994, 1998 and 2002.

出典：AFC (the-afc.com), J.League and K League records · 想起

It is called Yatagarasu and is said to have guided an emperor.

出典：Japan Football Association, 'The J.League's founding' (jfa.jp); J.League (jleague.co) · 想起

He scored for the San Jose Clash against DC United.

出典：Major League Soccer, 'The first MLS match, 1996' (mlssoccer.com) · 想起

It folded after the 1984 season.

出典：U.S. Soccer, 'History of the NASL' (ussoccer.com) · 想起

Iceland took the record in 2018.

出典：Trinidad and Tobago Football Association; FIFA 2006 World Cup reports · 想起

They lost all three matches in Mexico without scoring.

出典：Canada Soccer, '1986 World Cup' (canadasoccer.com) · 想起

It was the first English-speaking Caribbean side at a World Cup.

出典：Jamaica Football Federation, '1998: the Reggae Boyz' (jff.com.jm) · 想起

Felipe Baloy scored in a 6-1 defeat; fans celebrated as if they had won.

出典：FEPAFUT Panama; FIFA, 2018 World Cup match report England v Panama · 想起

DC won 3-2 after extra time in the rain at Foxborough.

出典：Major League Soccer, 'The first MLS match, 1996' (mlssoccer.com) · 想起

1968, 1986, 1996, 1998 and 2018.

出典：FIFA (inside.fifa.com), MLS and CONCACAF records · 想起

1986, 1998, 2006 and 2018.

出典：FIFA (inside.fifa.com), MLS and CONCACAF records · 想起

'Assoc' became 'soccer', to tell association football from rugger.

出典：Oxford English Dictionary, 'soccer' etymology; The FA · 想起

A bowler who took three wickets with three balls was given a hat in 1858.

出典：Marylebone Cricket Club, 'The origin of the hat-trick' (lords.org) · 想起

He used it as the title of his 1977 autobiography.

出典：Pelé, 'My Life and the Beautiful Game' (1977); FIFA · 想起

It is also the name of the old Florentine game, calcio storico.

出典：Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · 想起

'Albiceleste' means 'white and sky blue'.

出典：AFA, 'La Albiceleste' (afa.com.ar) · 想起

The flag is green, white and red.

出典：Mexican Football Federation, 'El Tri' (miseleccion.mx) · 想起

It was named after Sir Alex Ferguson, who was often seen pointing at his watch.

出典：Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · 想起

The crowd greets each pass as it would a matador's move.

出典：Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · 想起

Argentina in 1930, Australia in 1974, Japan in 1998 and Ghana in 2006.

出典：Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · 想起

Cricket in 1858, Oxford in the 1880s, Pelé's 1977 book and the 1990s.

出典：Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster entries; The FA, 'Football terms' · 想起

The name took hold in the 1960s and 1970s; Australia first reached a World Cup in 1974.

出典：Football Australia, 'Why the Socceroos?' (footballaustralia.com.au) · 想起

Tony Britten adapted one of Handel's coronation anthems in 1992.

出典：UEFA, 'The Champions League anthem' (uefa.com) · 想起

It was written by David Baddiel, Frank Skinner and the Lightning Seeds.

出典：The FA (englandfootball.com) and Scottish FA records of official team songs · 想起

The song was taken up in the late 1980s.

出典：Manchester City, 'Blue Moon' heritage pages (mancity.com) · 想起

The song dates from 1918 and was taken up in the 1920s.

出典：West Ham United, 'I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles' (whufc.com) · 想起

The riff by The White Stripes went on to Italy's 2006 World Cup and beyond.

出典：Club Brugge, 'Seven Nation Army' (clubbrugge.be); UEFA · 想起

John Barnes performed the rap.

出典：The FA (englandfootball.com), Scottish FA and FIFA records of World Cup songs · 想起

She performed it at the closing ceremony in Johannesburg.

出典：FIFA, 'Waka Waka, the official song of 2010' (fifa.com) · 想起

1970, 1978, 1990 and 1996.

出典：The FA (englandfootball.com), Scottish FA and FIFA records of World Cup songs · 想起

1918, 1992, 2003 and 2010.

出典：The FA (englandfootball.com), Scottish FA and FIFA records of World Cup songs · 想起

Handel wrote it for George II's coronation in 1727.

出典：UEFA, 'The Champions League anthem' (uefa.com) · 想起

It was later filmed twice, once with a baseball story.

出典：Penguin Books, 'Fever Pitch' by Nick Hornby (1992) · 想起

Spall played his assistant Peter Taylor and Meaney played Don Revie.

出典：Faber & Faber, 'The Damned United' by David Peace (2006); BFI, 'The Damned United' (2009) · 想起

The comic strip began in 1954.

出典：Rebellion, 'Roy of the Rovers: 1954 to today' (royoftherovers.com) · 想起

Players such as Alessandro Del Piero and Fernando Torres have spoken of it.

出典：Shueisha, 'Captain Tsubasa' (1981); Japan Football Association · 想起

The series began in 2020.

出典：Apple TV+, 'Ted Lasso' (2020) · 想起

The film is about a postman who imagines Cantona giving him advice.

出典：Sixteen Films, 'Looking for Eric' (Ken Loach, 2009) · 想起

It follows a boy whose father returns from a Soviet prison camp.

出典：Senator Film, 'Das Wunder von Bern' (Sönke Wortmann, 2003) · 想起

1954, 1981, 1992, 2006 and 2020.

出典：Publishers' and studios' release records (Penguin, Faber, Rebellion, Shueisha, Apple TV+) · 想起

2003, 2005 and 2009.

出典：Publishers' and studios' release records (Penguin, Faber, Rebellion, Shueisha, Apple TV+) · 想起

He had coached a college team in Kansas.

出典：Apple TV+, 'Ted Lasso' (2020) · 想起

Spion Kop was fought in 1900; many soldiers from Lancashire died there.

出典：Liverpool FC, 'The Kop and Spion Kop' (liverpoolfc.com) · 想起

The Holte Hotel stood beside Villa Park.

出典：Aston Villa, 'The Holte End' (avfc.co.uk) · 想起

Public executions were once held there.

出典：Newcastle United, 'St James' Park: the Gallowgate End' (nufc.co.uk) · 想起

Mário Filho had campaigned for the stadium to be built in Rio.

出典：Estádio do Maracanã, 'História' (maracana.com) · 想起

The new stadium opened in 2007 with its arch instead.

出典：Wembley Stadium, 'The twin towers' (wembleystadium.com) · 想起

The stadium was once called the Central Lenin Stadium.

出典：Luzhniki Stadium, 'History' (luzhniki.ru) · 想起

The roof was put up in the 1930s for the greyhound crowds.

出典：Chelsea FC, 'The Shed End' (chelseafc.com) · 想起

1900, 1906 and 1950.

出典：Club heritage pages: liverpoolfc.com, avfc.co.uk, nufc.co.uk, manutd.com, chelseafc.com · 想起

1950, 1956, 2003 and 2007.

出典：Wembley Stadium, 'The twin towers' (wembleystadium.com) · 想起

It opened in 1923, in time for the FA Cup final.

出典：Wembley Stadium, 'The twin towers' (wembleystadium.com) · 想起

It opened at Deepdale, Preston's ground, in 2001.

出典：National Football Museum, 'About us' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · 想起

It holds trophies, shirts and records from FIFA's history.

出典：FIFA Museum, Zurich (fifamuseum.com) · 想起

The museum sits under the stadium's stands.

出典：Museu do Futebol, São Paulo (museudofutebol.org.br) · 想起

It is kept at the Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum.

出典：Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum, 'The world's oldest football' (smithartgalleryandmuseum.co.uk) · 想起

The money helped the world's oldest club.

出典：Sotheby's, sale of Sheffield FC's 1858 rules (2011); Sheffield FC (sheffieldfc.com) · 想起

Visitors also tour the stadium.

出典：FC Barcelona, 'Barça Museum' (fcbarcelona.com) · 想起

It is run by the National Football Museum.

出典：National Football Museum, 'Hall of Fame' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · 想起

2001, 2008, 2012 and 2016.

出典：National Football Museum, FIFA Museum and Museu do Futebol official histories · 想起

The 1540s, 1858 and 1863.

出典：National Football Museum, FIFA Museum and Museu do Futebol official histories · 想起

It was found behind panelling in the Queen's Chamber in the 1970s.

出典：Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum, 'The world's oldest football' (smithartgalleryandmuseum.co.uk) · 想起