Siirry sisältöön
Insporta Book
fi
EnglishРусскийDeutschEspañolEestiSuomiItalianoFrançaisPolski日本語한국어中文
JalkapalloKrikettiFutsalTriathlonTennisGolfTaitoluisteluKoripalloLentopalloRugbyBaseballMetodologiaMiksi se toimiiTee testi

Baseball · Mielenkiintoisia faktoja

Luku 5: Varusteet ja teknologia

10 testiä · 100 faktaa · päivitetty 28. lokakuuta 2026 · markdown

The objects of the game: the ball and the bat maker from Louisville, bats today, gloves, helmets and batting gloves, radar guns, scoreboards, caps and uniforms, sticky stuff and umpires' gear.

5.51Pallo

What is inside an official baseball, and where it comes from.

Testi 1PalloTee testi

  1. It had replaced the long-time supplier that year.

    Lähde: Rawlings, 'The official ball of Major League Baseball' (rawlings.com); Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud (baseballrubbingmud.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame · muistaminen

  2. The firm was founded by a famous 19th-century pitcher.

    Lähde: Rawlings, 'The official ball of Major League Baseball' (rawlings.com); Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud (baseballrubbingmud.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame · muistaminen

  3. Horsehide had been used for a century before.

    Lähde: Rawlings, 'The official ball of Major League Baseball' (rawlings.com); Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud (baseballrubbingmud.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame · muistaminen

  4. Yarn is wound tightly around it.

    Lähde: Rawlings, 'The official ball of Major League Baseball' (rawlings.com); Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud (baseballrubbingmud.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame · muistaminen

  5. The winding gives the ball its bounce.

    Lähde: Rawlings, 'The official ball of Major League Baseball' (rawlings.com); Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud (baseballrubbingmud.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame · muistaminen

  6. It has been collected there since the 1930s.

    Lähde: Rawlings, 'The official ball of Major League Baseball' (rawlings.com); Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud (baseballrubbingmud.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame · muistaminen

  7. Each ball is stitched by a skilled worker.

    Lähde: Rawlings, 'The official ball of Major League Baseball' (rawlings.com); Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud (baseballrubbingmud.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame · muistaminen

  8. The cover is sewn over the wound yarn.

    Lähde: Rawlings, 'The official ball of Major League Baseball' (rawlings.com); Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud (baseballrubbingmud.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame · muistaminen

  9. 1878, 1938, 1974, then 1977.

    Lähde: Rawlings, 'The official ball of Major League Baseball' (rawlings.com); Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud (baseballrubbingmud.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame · muistaminen

  10. Rawlings's factory is in the town of Turrialba.

    Lähde: Rawlings, 'The official ball of Major League Baseball' (rawlings.com); Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud (baseballrubbingmud.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame · soveltaminen

5.52Louisville Slugger

The bat maker from Kentucky.

Testi 1Louisville SluggerTee testi

  1. It was made in a woodworking shop in Louisville.

    Lähde: Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory history (sluggermuseum.com); Hillerich & Bradsby company history; National Baseball Hall of Fame on Honus Wagner's contract (1905) · muistaminen

  2. He got three hits with it the next day.

    Lähde: Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory history (sluggermuseum.com); Hillerich & Bradsby company history; National Baseball Hall of Fame on Honus Wagner's contract (1905) · muistaminen

  3. His father ran a woodworking business.

    Lähde: Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory history (sluggermuseum.com); Hillerich & Bradsby company history; National Baseball Hall of Fame on Honus Wagner's contract (1905) · muistaminen

  4. His signature was burned into the bats.

    Lähde: Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory history (sluggermuseum.com); Hillerich & Bradsby company history; National Baseball Hall of Fame on Honus Wagner's contract (1905) · muistaminen

  5. Louisville grew up beside the Falls of the Ohio.

    Lähde: Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory history (sluggermuseum.com); Hillerich & Bradsby company history; National Baseball Hall of Fame on Honus Wagner's contract (1905) · muistaminen

  6. It made bats in Jeffersonville for over twenty years.

    Lähde: Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory history (sluggermuseum.com); Hillerich & Bradsby company history; National Baseball Hall of Fame on Honus Wagner's contract (1905) · muistaminen

  7. The old family firm kept making the wooden bats.

    Lähde: Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory history (sluggermuseum.com); Hillerich & Bradsby company history; National Baseball Hall of Fame on Honus Wagner's contract (1905) · muistaminen

  8. 1884, 1905, the 1970s, then 1996.

    Lähde: Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory history (sluggermuseum.com); Hillerich & Bradsby company history; National Baseball Hall of Fame on Honus Wagner's contract (1905) · muistaminen

  9. Every pro bat is made to the player's own model.

    Lähde: Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory history (sluggermuseum.com); Hillerich & Bradsby company history; National Baseball Hall of Fame on Honus Wagner's contract (1905) · muistaminen

  10. It is a copy of Babe Ruth's bat.

    Lähde: Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory history (sluggermuseum.com); Hillerich & Bradsby company history; National Baseball Hall of Fame on Honus Wagner's contract (1905) · soveltaminen

5.53Bats Today

Maple, cork and a new shape in 2025.

Testi 1Bats todayTee testi

  1. Before him most players used ash.

    Lähde: MLB.com on maple bat rules (2009) and torpedo bats (2025); The Original Maple Bat Corporation (Sam Bat) history; MLB.com, Sammy Sosa's corked bat (2003) · muistaminen

  2. His company was called the Original Maple Bat Corporation.

    Lähde: MLB.com on maple bat rules (2009) and torpedo bats (2025); The Original Maple Bat Corporation (Sam Bat) history; MLB.com, Sammy Sosa's corked bat (2003) · muistaminen

  3. Badly grained maple bats broke into dangerous shards.

    Lähde: MLB.com on maple bat rules (2009) and torpedo bats (2025); The Original Maple Bat Corporation (Sam Bat) history; MLB.com, Sammy Sosa's corked bat (2003) · muistaminen

  4. The game was against Milwaukee.

    Lähde: MLB.com on maple bat rules (2009) and torpedo bats (2025); The Original Maple Bat Corporation (Sam Bat) history; MLB.com, Sammy Sosa's corked bat (2003) · muistaminen

  5. He said it was a practice bat used by mistake.

    Lähde: MLB.com on maple bat rules (2009) and torpedo bats (2025); The Original Maple Bat Corporation (Sam Bat) history; MLB.com, Sammy Sosa's corked bat (2003) · muistaminen

  6. It flexes like ash but hardens like maple.

    Lähde: MLB.com on maple bat rules (2009) and torpedo bats (2025); The Original Maple Bat Corporation (Sam Bat) history; MLB.com, Sammy Sosa's corked bat (2003) · muistaminen

  7. The hollow cuts weight at the tip.

    Lähde: MLB.com on maple bat rules (2009) and torpedo bats (2025); The Original Maple Bat Corporation (Sam Bat) history; MLB.com, Sammy Sosa's corked bat (2003) · muistaminen

  8. The late 1990s, 2001, 2009, then 2025.

    Lähde: MLB.com on maple bat rules (2009) and torpedo bats (2025); The Original Maple Bat Corporation (Sam Bat) history; MLB.com, Sammy Sosa's corked bat (2003) · muistaminen

  9. Straight grain means a safer bat.

    Lähde: MLB.com on maple bat rules (2009) and torpedo bats (2025); The Original Maple Bat Corporation (Sam Bat) history; MLB.com, Sammy Sosa's corked bat (2003) · muistaminen

  10. The wood is moved to where each hitter usually makes contact.

    Lähde: MLB.com on maple bat rules (2009) and torpedo bats (2025); The Original Maple Bat Corporation (Sam Bat) history; MLB.com, Sammy Sosa's corked bat (2003) · soveltaminen

5.54Gloves

From webs to Gold Gloves.

Testi 1GlovesTee testi

  1. His model sold for decades.

    Lähde: Rawlings Gold Glove Award history (rawlings.com); Wilson A2000 history (wilson.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame glove collection · muistaminen

  2. The award is a gold-coloured glove.

    Lähde: Rawlings Gold Glove Award history (rawlings.com); Wilson A2000 history (wilson.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame glove collection · muistaminen

  3. It is still made today.

    Lähde: Rawlings Gold Glove Award history (rawlings.com); Wilson A2000 history (wilson.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame glove collection · muistaminen

  4. Many big-leaguers have used it.

    Lähde: Rawlings Gold Glove Award history (rawlings.com); Wilson A2000 history (wilson.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame glove collection · muistaminen

  5. It is based in the town of Nocona.

    Lähde: Rawlings Gold Glove Award history (rawlings.com); Wilson A2000 history (wilson.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame glove collection · muistaminen

  6. Shaping the pocket takes days or weeks.

    Lähde: Rawlings Gold Glove Award history (rawlings.com); Wilson A2000 history (wilson.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame glove collection · muistaminen

  7. It has no separate fingers like a fielder's glove.

    Lähde: Rawlings Gold Glove Award history (rawlings.com); Wilson A2000 history (wilson.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame glove collection · muistaminen

  8. The 1860s, the 1870s, 1920, then 1957.

    Lähde: Rawlings Gold Glove Award history (rawlings.com); Wilson A2000 history (wilson.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame glove collection · muistaminen

  9. The pocket slowly takes its shape.

    Lähde: Rawlings Gold Glove Award history (rawlings.com); Wilson A2000 history (wilson.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame glove collection · muistaminen

  10. Managers and coaches vote, with a data element added since 2013.

    Lähde: Rawlings Gold Glove Award history (rawlings.com); Wilson A2000 history (wilson.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame glove collection · soveltaminen

5.55Batting Gloves and Helmets

How hitters' hands and heads got their protection.

Testi 1Batting gloves and helmetsTee testi

  1. A slugger used one after playing golf in 1964.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on batting helmets and Branch Rickey's helmets (1953); SABR BioProject (Ken Harrelson, Tony Conigliaro); MLB rule history (1971, 1983) · muistaminen

  2. It was the first step towards the batting helmet.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on batting helmets and Branch Rickey's helmets (1953); SABR BioProject (Ken Harrelson, Tony Conigliaro); MLB rule history (1971, 1983) · muistaminen

  3. Their general manager owned the helmet company.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on batting helmets and Branch Rickey's helmets (1953); SABR BioProject (Ken Harrelson, Tony Conigliaro); MLB rule history (1971, 1983) · muistaminen

  4. He had also run the Dodgers.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on batting helmets and Branch Rickey's helmets (1953); SABR BioProject (Ken Harrelson, Tony Conigliaro); MLB rule history (1971, 1983) · muistaminen

  5. Players already in the league had to wear one too.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on batting helmets and Branch Rickey's helmets (1953); SABR BioProject (Ken Harrelson, Tony Conigliaro); MLB rule history (1971, 1983) · muistaminen

  6. Veterans could keep flap-less helmets.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on batting helmets and Branch Rickey's helmets (1953); SABR BioProject (Ken Harrelson, Tony Conigliaro); MLB rule history (1971, 1983) · muistaminen

  7. He was only 22 at the time.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on batting helmets and Branch Rickey's helmets (1953); SABR BioProject (Ken Harrelson, Tony Conigliaro); MLB rule history (1971, 1983) · muistaminen

  8. 1941, 1953, then 1983.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on batting helmets and Branch Rickey's helmets (1953); SABR BioProject (Ken Harrelson, Tony Conigliaro); MLB rule history (1971, 1983) · muistaminen

  9. 1964, 1967, then 1971.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on batting helmets and Branch Rickey's helmets (1953); SABR BioProject (Ken Harrelson, Tony Conigliaro); MLB rule history (1971, 1983) · muistaminen

  10. He later became a long-time broadcaster.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on batting helmets and Branch Rickey's helmets (1953); SABR BioProject (Ken Harrelson, Tony Conigliaro); MLB rule history (1971, 1983) · soveltaminen

5.56Radar Guns

How pitch speed came to be measured.

Testi 1Radar gunsTee testi

  1. He coached at Michigan State.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Danny Litwhiler's radar gun (1974); SABR BioProject (Bob Feller, Nolan Ryan); MLB.com on pitch speed measurement · muistaminen

  2. A police gun gave the coach the idea.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Danny Litwhiler's radar gun (1974); SABR BioProject (Bob Feller, Nolan Ryan); MLB.com on pitch speed measurement · muistaminen

  3. The ball beat the motorcycle to the target.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Danny Litwhiler's radar gun (1974); SABR BioProject (Bob Feller, Nolan Ryan); MLB.com on pitch speed measurement · muistaminen

  4. Infrared equipment measured it near the plate.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Danny Litwhiler's radar gun (1974); SABR BioProject (Bob Feller, Nolan Ryan); MLB.com on pitch speed measurement · muistaminen

  5. A ball loses several mph on its way to the plate.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Danny Litwhiler's radar gun (1974); SABR BioProject (Bob Feller, Nolan Ryan); MLB.com on pitch speed measurement · muistaminen

  6. From there they face the pitcher directly.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Danny Litwhiler's radar gun (1974); SABR BioProject (Bob Feller, Nolan Ryan); MLB.com on pitch speed measurement · muistaminen

  7. Its machines have thrown to hitters for decades.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Danny Litwhiler's radar gun (1974); SABR BioProject (Bob Feller, Nolan Ryan); MLB.com on pitch speed measurement · muistaminen

  8. 1940, 1974, then 2015.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Danny Litwhiler's radar gun (1974); SABR BioProject (Bob Feller, Nolan Ryan); MLB.com on pitch speed measurement · muistaminen

  9. The ball slows all the way in.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Danny Litwhiler's radar gun (1974); SABR BioProject (Bob Feller, Nolan Ryan); MLB.com on pitch speed measurement · muistaminen

  10. Scouts compare their readings after each pitch.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Danny Litwhiler's radar gun (1974); SABR BioProject (Bob Feller, Nolan Ryan); MLB.com on pitch speed measurement · soveltaminen

5.57Scoreboards

Fireworks, animation and the first giant screen.

Testi 1ScoreboardsTee testi

  1. It went off after every White Sox home run.

    Lähde: Chicago White Sox on Comiskey Park's exploding scoreboard (1960); Los Angeles Dodgers on Diamond Vision (1980); Houston Astros on the Astrodome scoreboard · muistaminen

  2. It was called Diamond Vision.

    Lähde: Chicago White Sox on Comiskey Park's exploding scoreboard (1960); Los Angeles Dodgers on Diamond Vision (1980); Houston Astros on the Astrodome scoreboard · muistaminen

  3. The screen used thousands of small tubes.

    Lähde: Chicago White Sox on Comiskey Park's exploding scoreboard (1960); Los Angeles Dodgers on Diamond Vision (1980); Houston Astros on the Astrodome scoreboard · muistaminen

  4. Animated cowboys fired pistols on it.

    Lähde: Chicago White Sox on Comiskey Park's exploding scoreboard (1960); Los Angeles Dodgers on Diamond Vision (1980); Houston Astros on the Astrodome scoreboard · muistaminen

  5. Fans follow the pennant race on it.

    Lähde: Chicago White Sox on Comiskey Park's exploding scoreboard (1960); Los Angeles Dodgers on Diamond Vision (1980); Houston Astros on the Astrodome scoreboard · muistaminen

  6. It matches the club's name.

    Lähde: Chicago White Sox on Comiskey Park's exploding scoreboard (1960); Los Angeles Dodgers on Diamond Vision (1980); Houston Astros on the Astrodome scoreboard · muistaminen

  7. Sound effects and fireworks went off too.

    Lähde: Chicago White Sox on Comiskey Park's exploding scoreboard (1960); Los Angeles Dodgers on Diamond Vision (1980); Houston Astros on the Astrodome scoreboard · muistaminen

  8. 1960, 1965, then 1980.

    Lähde: Chicago White Sox on Comiskey Park's exploding scoreboard (1960); Los Angeles Dodgers on Diamond Vision (1980); Houston Astros on the Astrodome scoreboard · muistaminen

  9. Visiting teams did not get the show.

    Lähde: Chicago White Sox on Comiskey Park's exploding scoreboard (1960); Los Angeles Dodgers on Diamond Vision (1980); Houston Astros on the Astrodome scoreboard · muistaminen

  10. It was nicknamed the exploding scoreboard.

    Lähde: Chicago White Sox on Comiskey Park's exploding scoreboard (1960); Los Angeles Dodgers on Diamond Vision (1980); Houston Astros on the Astrodome scoreboard · soveltaminen

5.58Caps and Uniforms

Cap makers, kit makers and a few bold looks.

Testi 1Caps and uniformsTee testi

  1. The firm is based in Buffalo, New York.

    Lähde: New Era Cap company history (neweracap.com); MLB.com on Nike uniforms (2020) and the 2024 uniform complaints; Pittsburgh Pirates and Houston Astros uniform histories · muistaminen

  2. It comes in exact sizes rather than adjustable.

    Lähde: New Era Cap company history (neweracap.com); MLB.com on Nike uniforms (2020) and the 2024 uniform complaints; Pittsburgh Pirates and Houston Astros uniform histories · muistaminen

  3. Majestic had made them before.

    Lähde: New Era Cap company history (neweracap.com); MLB.com on Nike uniforms (2020) and the 2024 uniform complaints; Pittsburgh Pirates and Houston Astros uniform histories · muistaminen

  4. Small lettering also drew criticism.

    Lähde: New Era Cap company history (neweracap.com); MLB.com on Nike uniforms (2020) and the 2024 uniform complaints; Pittsburgh Pirates and Houston Astros uniform histories · muistaminen

  5. Wool flannel soon disappeared from the game.

    Lähde: New Era Cap company history (neweracap.com); MLB.com on Nike uniforms (2020) and the 2024 uniform complaints; Pittsburgh Pirates and Houston Astros uniform histories · muistaminen

  6. They remain famous today.

    Lähde: New Era Cap company history (neweracap.com); MLB.com on Nike uniforms (2020) and the 2024 uniform complaints; Pittsburgh Pirates and Houston Astros uniform histories · muistaminen

  7. They marked the National League's 100th season.

    Lähde: New Era Cap company history (neweracap.com); MLB.com on Nike uniforms (2020) and the 2024 uniform complaints; Pittsburgh Pirates and Houston Astros uniform histories · muistaminen

  8. 1970, 1975, 1976, then 2020.

    Lähde: New Era Cap company history (neweracap.com); MLB.com on Nike uniforms (2020) and the 2024 uniform complaints; Pittsburgh Pirates and Houston Astros uniform histories · muistaminen

  9. Each was lighter than the one before.

    Lähde: New Era Cap company history (neweracap.com); MLB.com on Nike uniforms (2020) and the 2024 uniform complaints; Pittsburgh Pirates and Houston Astros uniform histories · muistaminen

  10. Broadcasters and cap fans love the word.

    Lähde: New Era Cap company history (neweracap.com); MLB.com on Nike uniforms (2020) and the 2024 uniform complaints; Pittsburgh Pirates and Houston Astros uniform histories · soveltaminen

5.59Sticky Stuff

Grip aids, checks and a pitcher's confession.

Testi 1Sticky stuffTee testi

  1. It helped pitchers add spin.

    Lähde: MLB.com, foreign substance enforcement (June 2021); MLB.com on Michael Pineda (2014); Gaylord Perry, Me and the Spitter (1974); SABR BioProject · muistaminen

  2. Checks came as pitchers left the field.

    Lähde: MLB.com, foreign substance enforcement (June 2021); MLB.com on Michael Pineda (2014); Gaylord Perry, Me and the Spitter (1974); SABR BioProject · muistaminen

  3. Several pitchers were suspended in the first season.

    Lähde: MLB.com, foreign substance enforcement (June 2021); MLB.com on Michael Pineda (2014); Gaylord Perry, Me and the Spitter (1974); SABR BioProject · muistaminen

  4. It is made from tree resin.

    Lähde: MLB.com, foreign substance enforcement (June 2021); MLB.com on Michael Pineda (2014); Gaylord Perry, Me and the Spitter (1974); SABR BioProject · muistaminen

  5. Cameras spotted it plainly on TV.

    Lähde: MLB.com, foreign substance enforcement (June 2021); MLB.com on Michael Pineda (2014); Gaylord Perry, Me and the Spitter (1974); SABR BioProject · muistaminen

  6. He was still pitching when it came out.

    Lähde: MLB.com, foreign substance enforcement (June 2021); MLB.com on Michael Pineda (2014); Gaylord Perry, Me and the Spitter (1974); SABR BioProject · muistaminen

  7. Sticky stuff had added spin and movement.

    Lähde: MLB.com, foreign substance enforcement (June 2021); MLB.com on Michael Pineda (2014); Gaylord Perry, Me and the Spitter (1974); SABR BioProject · muistaminen

  8. 1974, 2014, then 2021.

    Lähde: MLB.com, foreign substance enforcement (June 2021); MLB.com on Michael Pineda (2014); Gaylord Perry, Me and the Spitter (1974); SABR BioProject · muistaminen

  9. Checks are routine now.

    Lähde: MLB.com, foreign substance enforcement (June 2021); MLB.com on Michael Pineda (2014); Gaylord Perry, Me and the Spitter (1974); SABR BioProject · muistaminen

  10. Pitchers may only use the rosin bag.

    Lähde: MLB.com, foreign substance enforcement (June 2021); MLB.com on Michael Pineda (2014); Gaylord Perry, Me and the Spitter (1974); SABR BioProject · soveltaminen

5.60Umpires' Gear

Protectors, brushes and a staff that came together.

Testi 1Umpires' gearTee testi

  1. National League umpires wore theirs under the jacket.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on umpires' equipment and Bill Klem; MLB.com on the merger of the umpire staffs (2000); SABR BioProject (Dummy Hoy) · muistaminen

  2. Veterans could keep the balloon.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on umpires' equipment and Bill Klem; MLB.com on the merger of the umpire staffs (2000); SABR BioProject (Dummy Hoy) · muistaminen

  3. He umpired for 37 seasons.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on umpires' equipment and Bill Klem; MLB.com on the merger of the umpire staffs (2000); SABR BioProject (Dummy Hoy) · muistaminen

  4. Umpires click it after every pitch.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on umpires' equipment and Bill Klem; MLB.com on the merger of the umpire staffs (2000); SABR BioProject (Dummy Hoy) · muistaminen

  5. Dusting the plate is a familiar sight.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on umpires' equipment and Bill Klem; MLB.com on the merger of the umpire staffs (2000); SABR BioProject (Dummy Hoy) · muistaminen

  6. Before then each league had its own umpires.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on umpires' equipment and Bill Klem; MLB.com on the merger of the umpire staffs (2000); SABR BioProject (Dummy Hoy) · muistaminen

  7. Historians still argue about how the signals started.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on umpires' equipment and Bill Klem; MLB.com on the merger of the umpire staffs (2000); SABR BioProject (Dummy Hoy) · muistaminen

  8. 1905, 1977, then 2000.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on umpires' equipment and Bill Klem; MLB.com on the merger of the umpire staffs (2000); SABR BioProject (Dummy Hoy) · muistaminen

  9. Clean plates help everyone see the zone.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on umpires' equipment and Bill Klem; MLB.com on the merger of the umpire staffs (2000); SABR BioProject (Dummy Hoy) · muistaminen

  10. The last umpire to use one retired in the 1980s.

    Lähde: National Baseball Hall of Fame on umpires' equipment and Bill Klem; MLB.com on the merger of the umpire staffs (2000); SABR BioProject (Dummy Hoy) · soveltaminen

Lähteet

Primary/official sources only, no Wikipedia citations: the National Baseball Hall of Fame, MLB and its clubs, the WBSC, SABR's BioProject, the Library of Congress, Guinness World Records, makers' and leagues' own histories and named reputable media.

  • Rawlings, 'The official ball of Major League Baseball' (rawlings.com); Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud (baseballrubbingmud.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame10
  • Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory history (sluggermuseum.com); Hillerich & Bradsby company history; National Baseball Hall of Fame on Honus Wagner's contract (1905)10
  • MLB.com on maple bat rules (2009) and torpedo bats (2025); The Original Maple Bat Corporation (Sam Bat) history; MLB.com, Sammy Sosa's corked bat (2003)10
  • Rawlings Gold Glove Award history (rawlings.com); Wilson A2000 history (wilson.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame glove collection10
  • National Baseball Hall of Fame on batting helmets and Branch Rickey's helmets (1953); SABR BioProject (Ken Harrelson, Tony Conigliaro); MLB rule history (1971, 1983)10
  • National Baseball Hall of Fame on Danny Litwhiler's radar gun (1974); SABR BioProject (Bob Feller, Nolan Ryan); MLB.com on pitch speed measurement10
  • Chicago White Sox on Comiskey Park's exploding scoreboard (1960); Los Angeles Dodgers on Diamond Vision (1980); Houston Astros on the Astrodome scoreboard10
  • New Era Cap company history (neweracap.com); MLB.com on Nike uniforms (2020) and the 2024 uniform complaints; Pittsburgh Pirates and Houston Astros uniform histories10
  • MLB.com, foreign substance enforcement (June 2021); MLB.com on Michael Pineda (2014); Gaylord Perry, Me and the Spitter (1974); SABR BioProject10
  • National Baseball Hall of Fame on umpires' equipment and Bill Klem; MLB.com on the merger of the umpire staffs (2000); SABR BioProject (Dummy Hoy)10