Przejdź do treści
Insporta Book
pl
EnglishРусскийDeutschEspañolEestiSuomiItalianoFrançaisPolski日本語한국어中文
Piłka nożnaKrykietFutsalTriathlonTenisGolfŁyżwiarstwo figuroweKoszykówkaSiatkówkaRugbyBaseballMetodologiaDlaczego to działaRozwiąż test

Baseball · Ciekawostki

Rozdział 5: Wyposażenie i technologia

10 testów · 100 faktów · zaktualizowano 28 października 2026 · markdown

The objects of the game: the ball and the bat maker from Louisville, bats today, gloves, helmets and batting gloves, radar guns, scoreboards, caps and uniforms, sticky stuff and umpires' gear.

5.51Piłka

What is inside an official baseball, and where it comes from.

Test 1PiłkaRozwiąż test

  1. It had replaced the long-time supplier that year.

    Źródło: Rawlings, 'The official ball of Major League Baseball' (rawlings.com); Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud (baseballrubbingmud.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame · wiedza

  2. The firm was founded by a famous 19th-century pitcher.

    Źródło: Rawlings, 'The official ball of Major League Baseball' (rawlings.com); Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud (baseballrubbingmud.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame · wiedza

  3. Horsehide had been used for a century before.

    Źródło: Rawlings, 'The official ball of Major League Baseball' (rawlings.com); Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud (baseballrubbingmud.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame · wiedza

  4. Yarn is wound tightly around it.

    Źródło: Rawlings, 'The official ball of Major League Baseball' (rawlings.com); Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud (baseballrubbingmud.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame · wiedza

  5. The winding gives the ball its bounce.

    Źródło: Rawlings, 'The official ball of Major League Baseball' (rawlings.com); Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud (baseballrubbingmud.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame · wiedza

  6. It has been collected there since the 1930s.

    Źródło: Rawlings, 'The official ball of Major League Baseball' (rawlings.com); Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud (baseballrubbingmud.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame · wiedza

  7. Each ball is stitched by a skilled worker.

    Źródło: Rawlings, 'The official ball of Major League Baseball' (rawlings.com); Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud (baseballrubbingmud.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame · wiedza

  8. The cover is sewn over the wound yarn.

    Źródło: Rawlings, 'The official ball of Major League Baseball' (rawlings.com); Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud (baseballrubbingmud.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame · wiedza

  9. 1878, 1938, 1974, then 1977.

    Źródło: Rawlings, 'The official ball of Major League Baseball' (rawlings.com); Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud (baseballrubbingmud.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame · wiedza

  10. Rawlings's factory is in the town of Turrialba.

    Źródło: Rawlings, 'The official ball of Major League Baseball' (rawlings.com); Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud (baseballrubbingmud.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame · zastosowanie

5.52Louisville Slugger

The bat maker from Kentucky.

Test 1Louisville SluggerRozwiąż test

  1. It was made in a woodworking shop in Louisville.

    Źródło: Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory history (sluggermuseum.com); Hillerich & Bradsby company history; National Baseball Hall of Fame on Honus Wagner's contract (1905) · wiedza

  2. He got three hits with it the next day.

    Źródło: Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory history (sluggermuseum.com); Hillerich & Bradsby company history; National Baseball Hall of Fame on Honus Wagner's contract (1905) · wiedza

  3. His father ran a woodworking business.

    Źródło: Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory history (sluggermuseum.com); Hillerich & Bradsby company history; National Baseball Hall of Fame on Honus Wagner's contract (1905) · wiedza

  4. His signature was burned into the bats.

    Źródło: Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory history (sluggermuseum.com); Hillerich & Bradsby company history; National Baseball Hall of Fame on Honus Wagner's contract (1905) · wiedza

  5. Louisville grew up beside the Falls of the Ohio.

    Źródło: Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory history (sluggermuseum.com); Hillerich & Bradsby company history; National Baseball Hall of Fame on Honus Wagner's contract (1905) · wiedza

  6. It made bats in Jeffersonville for over twenty years.

    Źródło: Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory history (sluggermuseum.com); Hillerich & Bradsby company history; National Baseball Hall of Fame on Honus Wagner's contract (1905) · wiedza

  7. The old family firm kept making the wooden bats.

    Źródło: Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory history (sluggermuseum.com); Hillerich & Bradsby company history; National Baseball Hall of Fame on Honus Wagner's contract (1905) · wiedza

  8. 1884, 1905, the 1970s, then 1996.

    Źródło: Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory history (sluggermuseum.com); Hillerich & Bradsby company history; National Baseball Hall of Fame on Honus Wagner's contract (1905) · wiedza

  9. Every pro bat is made to the player's own model.

    Źródło: Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory history (sluggermuseum.com); Hillerich & Bradsby company history; National Baseball Hall of Fame on Honus Wagner's contract (1905) · wiedza

  10. It is a copy of Babe Ruth's bat.

    Źródło: Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory history (sluggermuseum.com); Hillerich & Bradsby company history; National Baseball Hall of Fame on Honus Wagner's contract (1905) · zastosowanie

5.53Bats Today

Maple, cork and a new shape in 2025.

Test 1Bats todayRozwiąż test

  1. Before him most players used ash.

    Źródło: MLB.com on maple bat rules (2009) and torpedo bats (2025); The Original Maple Bat Corporation (Sam Bat) history; MLB.com, Sammy Sosa's corked bat (2003) · wiedza

  2. His company was called the Original Maple Bat Corporation.

    Źródło: MLB.com on maple bat rules (2009) and torpedo bats (2025); The Original Maple Bat Corporation (Sam Bat) history; MLB.com, Sammy Sosa's corked bat (2003) · wiedza

  3. Badly grained maple bats broke into dangerous shards.

    Źródło: MLB.com on maple bat rules (2009) and torpedo bats (2025); The Original Maple Bat Corporation (Sam Bat) history; MLB.com, Sammy Sosa's corked bat (2003) · wiedza

  4. The game was against Milwaukee.

    Źródło: MLB.com on maple bat rules (2009) and torpedo bats (2025); The Original Maple Bat Corporation (Sam Bat) history; MLB.com, Sammy Sosa's corked bat (2003) · wiedza

  5. He said it was a practice bat used by mistake.

    Źródło: MLB.com on maple bat rules (2009) and torpedo bats (2025); The Original Maple Bat Corporation (Sam Bat) history; MLB.com, Sammy Sosa's corked bat (2003) · wiedza

  6. It flexes like ash but hardens like maple.

    Źródło: MLB.com on maple bat rules (2009) and torpedo bats (2025); The Original Maple Bat Corporation (Sam Bat) history; MLB.com, Sammy Sosa's corked bat (2003) · wiedza

  7. The hollow cuts weight at the tip.

    Źródło: MLB.com on maple bat rules (2009) and torpedo bats (2025); The Original Maple Bat Corporation (Sam Bat) history; MLB.com, Sammy Sosa's corked bat (2003) · wiedza

  8. The late 1990s, 2001, 2009, then 2025.

    Źródło: MLB.com on maple bat rules (2009) and torpedo bats (2025); The Original Maple Bat Corporation (Sam Bat) history; MLB.com, Sammy Sosa's corked bat (2003) · wiedza

  9. Straight grain means a safer bat.

    Źródło: MLB.com on maple bat rules (2009) and torpedo bats (2025); The Original Maple Bat Corporation (Sam Bat) history; MLB.com, Sammy Sosa's corked bat (2003) · wiedza

  10. The wood is moved to where each hitter usually makes contact.

    Źródło: MLB.com on maple bat rules (2009) and torpedo bats (2025); The Original Maple Bat Corporation (Sam Bat) history; MLB.com, Sammy Sosa's corked bat (2003) · zastosowanie

5.54Gloves

From webs to Gold Gloves.

Test 1GlovesRozwiąż test

  1. His model sold for decades.

    Źródło: Rawlings Gold Glove Award history (rawlings.com); Wilson A2000 history (wilson.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame glove collection · wiedza

  2. The award is a gold-coloured glove.

    Źródło: Rawlings Gold Glove Award history (rawlings.com); Wilson A2000 history (wilson.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame glove collection · wiedza

  3. It is still made today.

    Źródło: Rawlings Gold Glove Award history (rawlings.com); Wilson A2000 history (wilson.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame glove collection · wiedza

  4. Many big-leaguers have used it.

    Źródło: Rawlings Gold Glove Award history (rawlings.com); Wilson A2000 history (wilson.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame glove collection · wiedza

  5. It is based in the town of Nocona.

    Źródło: Rawlings Gold Glove Award history (rawlings.com); Wilson A2000 history (wilson.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame glove collection · wiedza

  6. Shaping the pocket takes days or weeks.

    Źródło: Rawlings Gold Glove Award history (rawlings.com); Wilson A2000 history (wilson.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame glove collection · wiedza

  7. It has no separate fingers like a fielder's glove.

    Źródło: Rawlings Gold Glove Award history (rawlings.com); Wilson A2000 history (wilson.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame glove collection · wiedza

  8. The 1860s, the 1870s, 1920, then 1957.

    Źródło: Rawlings Gold Glove Award history (rawlings.com); Wilson A2000 history (wilson.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame glove collection · wiedza

  9. The pocket slowly takes its shape.

    Źródło: Rawlings Gold Glove Award history (rawlings.com); Wilson A2000 history (wilson.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame glove collection · wiedza

  10. Managers and coaches vote, with a data element added since 2013.

    Źródło: Rawlings Gold Glove Award history (rawlings.com); Wilson A2000 history (wilson.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame glove collection · zastosowanie

5.55Batting Gloves and Helmets

How hitters' hands and heads got their protection.

Test 1Batting gloves and helmetsRozwiąż test

  1. A slugger used one after playing golf in 1964.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on batting helmets and Branch Rickey's helmets (1953); SABR BioProject (Ken Harrelson, Tony Conigliaro); MLB rule history (1971, 1983) · wiedza

  2. It was the first step towards the batting helmet.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on batting helmets and Branch Rickey's helmets (1953); SABR BioProject (Ken Harrelson, Tony Conigliaro); MLB rule history (1971, 1983) · wiedza

  3. Their general manager owned the helmet company.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on batting helmets and Branch Rickey's helmets (1953); SABR BioProject (Ken Harrelson, Tony Conigliaro); MLB rule history (1971, 1983) · wiedza

  4. He had also run the Dodgers.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on batting helmets and Branch Rickey's helmets (1953); SABR BioProject (Ken Harrelson, Tony Conigliaro); MLB rule history (1971, 1983) · wiedza

  5. Players already in the league had to wear one too.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on batting helmets and Branch Rickey's helmets (1953); SABR BioProject (Ken Harrelson, Tony Conigliaro); MLB rule history (1971, 1983) · wiedza

  6. Veterans could keep flap-less helmets.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on batting helmets and Branch Rickey's helmets (1953); SABR BioProject (Ken Harrelson, Tony Conigliaro); MLB rule history (1971, 1983) · wiedza

  7. He was only 22 at the time.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on batting helmets and Branch Rickey's helmets (1953); SABR BioProject (Ken Harrelson, Tony Conigliaro); MLB rule history (1971, 1983) · wiedza

  8. 1941, 1953, then 1983.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on batting helmets and Branch Rickey's helmets (1953); SABR BioProject (Ken Harrelson, Tony Conigliaro); MLB rule history (1971, 1983) · wiedza

  9. 1964, 1967, then 1971.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on batting helmets and Branch Rickey's helmets (1953); SABR BioProject (Ken Harrelson, Tony Conigliaro); MLB rule history (1971, 1983) · wiedza

  10. He later became a long-time broadcaster.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on batting helmets and Branch Rickey's helmets (1953); SABR BioProject (Ken Harrelson, Tony Conigliaro); MLB rule history (1971, 1983) · zastosowanie

5.56Radar Guns

How pitch speed came to be measured.

Test 1Radar gunsRozwiąż test

  1. He coached at Michigan State.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Danny Litwhiler's radar gun (1974); SABR BioProject (Bob Feller, Nolan Ryan); MLB.com on pitch speed measurement · wiedza

  2. A police gun gave the coach the idea.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Danny Litwhiler's radar gun (1974); SABR BioProject (Bob Feller, Nolan Ryan); MLB.com on pitch speed measurement · wiedza

  3. The ball beat the motorcycle to the target.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Danny Litwhiler's radar gun (1974); SABR BioProject (Bob Feller, Nolan Ryan); MLB.com on pitch speed measurement · wiedza

  4. Infrared equipment measured it near the plate.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Danny Litwhiler's radar gun (1974); SABR BioProject (Bob Feller, Nolan Ryan); MLB.com on pitch speed measurement · wiedza

  5. A ball loses several mph on its way to the plate.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Danny Litwhiler's radar gun (1974); SABR BioProject (Bob Feller, Nolan Ryan); MLB.com on pitch speed measurement · wiedza

  6. From there they face the pitcher directly.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Danny Litwhiler's radar gun (1974); SABR BioProject (Bob Feller, Nolan Ryan); MLB.com on pitch speed measurement · wiedza

  7. Its machines have thrown to hitters for decades.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Danny Litwhiler's radar gun (1974); SABR BioProject (Bob Feller, Nolan Ryan); MLB.com on pitch speed measurement · wiedza

  8. 1940, 1974, then 2015.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Danny Litwhiler's radar gun (1974); SABR BioProject (Bob Feller, Nolan Ryan); MLB.com on pitch speed measurement · wiedza

  9. The ball slows all the way in.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Danny Litwhiler's radar gun (1974); SABR BioProject (Bob Feller, Nolan Ryan); MLB.com on pitch speed measurement · wiedza

  10. Scouts compare their readings after each pitch.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on Danny Litwhiler's radar gun (1974); SABR BioProject (Bob Feller, Nolan Ryan); MLB.com on pitch speed measurement · zastosowanie

5.57Scoreboards

Fireworks, animation and the first giant screen.

Test 1ScoreboardsRozwiąż test

  1. It went off after every White Sox home run.

    Źródło: Chicago White Sox on Comiskey Park's exploding scoreboard (1960); Los Angeles Dodgers on Diamond Vision (1980); Houston Astros on the Astrodome scoreboard · wiedza

  2. It was called Diamond Vision.

    Źródło: Chicago White Sox on Comiskey Park's exploding scoreboard (1960); Los Angeles Dodgers on Diamond Vision (1980); Houston Astros on the Astrodome scoreboard · wiedza

  3. The screen used thousands of small tubes.

    Źródło: Chicago White Sox on Comiskey Park's exploding scoreboard (1960); Los Angeles Dodgers on Diamond Vision (1980); Houston Astros on the Astrodome scoreboard · wiedza

  4. Animated cowboys fired pistols on it.

    Źródło: Chicago White Sox on Comiskey Park's exploding scoreboard (1960); Los Angeles Dodgers on Diamond Vision (1980); Houston Astros on the Astrodome scoreboard · wiedza

  5. Fans follow the pennant race on it.

    Źródło: Chicago White Sox on Comiskey Park's exploding scoreboard (1960); Los Angeles Dodgers on Diamond Vision (1980); Houston Astros on the Astrodome scoreboard · wiedza

  6. It matches the club's name.

    Źródło: Chicago White Sox on Comiskey Park's exploding scoreboard (1960); Los Angeles Dodgers on Diamond Vision (1980); Houston Astros on the Astrodome scoreboard · wiedza

  7. Sound effects and fireworks went off too.

    Źródło: Chicago White Sox on Comiskey Park's exploding scoreboard (1960); Los Angeles Dodgers on Diamond Vision (1980); Houston Astros on the Astrodome scoreboard · wiedza

  8. 1960, 1965, then 1980.

    Źródło: Chicago White Sox on Comiskey Park's exploding scoreboard (1960); Los Angeles Dodgers on Diamond Vision (1980); Houston Astros on the Astrodome scoreboard · wiedza

  9. Visiting teams did not get the show.

    Źródło: Chicago White Sox on Comiskey Park's exploding scoreboard (1960); Los Angeles Dodgers on Diamond Vision (1980); Houston Astros on the Astrodome scoreboard · wiedza

  10. It was nicknamed the exploding scoreboard.

    Źródło: Chicago White Sox on Comiskey Park's exploding scoreboard (1960); Los Angeles Dodgers on Diamond Vision (1980); Houston Astros on the Astrodome scoreboard · zastosowanie

5.58Caps and Uniforms

Cap makers, kit makers and a few bold looks.

Test 1Caps and uniformsRozwiąż test

  1. The firm is based in Buffalo, New York.

    Źródło: New Era Cap company history (neweracap.com); MLB.com on Nike uniforms (2020) and the 2024 uniform complaints; Pittsburgh Pirates and Houston Astros uniform histories · wiedza

  2. It comes in exact sizes rather than adjustable.

    Źródło: New Era Cap company history (neweracap.com); MLB.com on Nike uniforms (2020) and the 2024 uniform complaints; Pittsburgh Pirates and Houston Astros uniform histories · wiedza

  3. Majestic had made them before.

    Źródło: New Era Cap company history (neweracap.com); MLB.com on Nike uniforms (2020) and the 2024 uniform complaints; Pittsburgh Pirates and Houston Astros uniform histories · wiedza

  4. Small lettering also drew criticism.

    Źródło: New Era Cap company history (neweracap.com); MLB.com on Nike uniforms (2020) and the 2024 uniform complaints; Pittsburgh Pirates and Houston Astros uniform histories · wiedza

  5. Wool flannel soon disappeared from the game.

    Źródło: New Era Cap company history (neweracap.com); MLB.com on Nike uniforms (2020) and the 2024 uniform complaints; Pittsburgh Pirates and Houston Astros uniform histories · wiedza

  6. They remain famous today.

    Źródło: New Era Cap company history (neweracap.com); MLB.com on Nike uniforms (2020) and the 2024 uniform complaints; Pittsburgh Pirates and Houston Astros uniform histories · wiedza

  7. They marked the National League's 100th season.

    Źródło: New Era Cap company history (neweracap.com); MLB.com on Nike uniforms (2020) and the 2024 uniform complaints; Pittsburgh Pirates and Houston Astros uniform histories · wiedza

  8. 1970, 1975, 1976, then 2020.

    Źródło: New Era Cap company history (neweracap.com); MLB.com on Nike uniforms (2020) and the 2024 uniform complaints; Pittsburgh Pirates and Houston Astros uniform histories · wiedza

  9. Each was lighter than the one before.

    Źródło: New Era Cap company history (neweracap.com); MLB.com on Nike uniforms (2020) and the 2024 uniform complaints; Pittsburgh Pirates and Houston Astros uniform histories · wiedza

  10. Broadcasters and cap fans love the word.

    Źródło: New Era Cap company history (neweracap.com); MLB.com on Nike uniforms (2020) and the 2024 uniform complaints; Pittsburgh Pirates and Houston Astros uniform histories · zastosowanie

5.59Sticky Stuff

Grip aids, checks and a pitcher's confession.

Test 1Sticky stuffRozwiąż test

  1. It helped pitchers add spin.

    Źródło: MLB.com, foreign substance enforcement (June 2021); MLB.com on Michael Pineda (2014); Gaylord Perry, Me and the Spitter (1974); SABR BioProject · wiedza

  2. Checks came as pitchers left the field.

    Źródło: MLB.com, foreign substance enforcement (June 2021); MLB.com on Michael Pineda (2014); Gaylord Perry, Me and the Spitter (1974); SABR BioProject · wiedza

  3. Several pitchers were suspended in the first season.

    Źródło: MLB.com, foreign substance enforcement (June 2021); MLB.com on Michael Pineda (2014); Gaylord Perry, Me and the Spitter (1974); SABR BioProject · wiedza

  4. It is made from tree resin.

    Źródło: MLB.com, foreign substance enforcement (June 2021); MLB.com on Michael Pineda (2014); Gaylord Perry, Me and the Spitter (1974); SABR BioProject · wiedza

  5. Cameras spotted it plainly on TV.

    Źródło: MLB.com, foreign substance enforcement (June 2021); MLB.com on Michael Pineda (2014); Gaylord Perry, Me and the Spitter (1974); SABR BioProject · wiedza

  6. He was still pitching when it came out.

    Źródło: MLB.com, foreign substance enforcement (June 2021); MLB.com on Michael Pineda (2014); Gaylord Perry, Me and the Spitter (1974); SABR BioProject · wiedza

  7. Sticky stuff had added spin and movement.

    Źródło: MLB.com, foreign substance enforcement (June 2021); MLB.com on Michael Pineda (2014); Gaylord Perry, Me and the Spitter (1974); SABR BioProject · wiedza

  8. 1974, 2014, then 2021.

    Źródło: MLB.com, foreign substance enforcement (June 2021); MLB.com on Michael Pineda (2014); Gaylord Perry, Me and the Spitter (1974); SABR BioProject · wiedza

  9. Checks are routine now.

    Źródło: MLB.com, foreign substance enforcement (June 2021); MLB.com on Michael Pineda (2014); Gaylord Perry, Me and the Spitter (1974); SABR BioProject · wiedza

  10. Pitchers may only use the rosin bag.

    Źródło: MLB.com, foreign substance enforcement (June 2021); MLB.com on Michael Pineda (2014); Gaylord Perry, Me and the Spitter (1974); SABR BioProject · zastosowanie

5.60Umpires' Gear

Protectors, brushes and a staff that came together.

Test 1Umpires' gearRozwiąż test

  1. National League umpires wore theirs under the jacket.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on umpires' equipment and Bill Klem; MLB.com on the merger of the umpire staffs (2000); SABR BioProject (Dummy Hoy) · wiedza

  2. Veterans could keep the balloon.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on umpires' equipment and Bill Klem; MLB.com on the merger of the umpire staffs (2000); SABR BioProject (Dummy Hoy) · wiedza

  3. He umpired for 37 seasons.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on umpires' equipment and Bill Klem; MLB.com on the merger of the umpire staffs (2000); SABR BioProject (Dummy Hoy) · wiedza

  4. Umpires click it after every pitch.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on umpires' equipment and Bill Klem; MLB.com on the merger of the umpire staffs (2000); SABR BioProject (Dummy Hoy) · wiedza

  5. Dusting the plate is a familiar sight.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on umpires' equipment and Bill Klem; MLB.com on the merger of the umpire staffs (2000); SABR BioProject (Dummy Hoy) · wiedza

  6. Before then each league had its own umpires.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on umpires' equipment and Bill Klem; MLB.com on the merger of the umpire staffs (2000); SABR BioProject (Dummy Hoy) · wiedza

  7. Historians still argue about how the signals started.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on umpires' equipment and Bill Klem; MLB.com on the merger of the umpire staffs (2000); SABR BioProject (Dummy Hoy) · wiedza

  8. 1905, 1977, then 2000.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on umpires' equipment and Bill Klem; MLB.com on the merger of the umpire staffs (2000); SABR BioProject (Dummy Hoy) · wiedza

  9. Clean plates help everyone see the zone.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on umpires' equipment and Bill Klem; MLB.com on the merger of the umpire staffs (2000); SABR BioProject (Dummy Hoy) · wiedza

  10. The last umpire to use one retired in the 1980s.

    Źródło: National Baseball Hall of Fame on umpires' equipment and Bill Klem; MLB.com on the merger of the umpire staffs (2000); SABR BioProject (Dummy Hoy) · zastosowanie

Źródła

Primary/official sources only, no Wikipedia citations: the National Baseball Hall of Fame, MLB and its clubs, the WBSC, SABR's BioProject, the Library of Congress, Guinness World Records, makers' and leagues' own histories and named reputable media.

  • Rawlings, 'The official ball of Major League Baseball' (rawlings.com); Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud (baseballrubbingmud.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame10
  • Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory history (sluggermuseum.com); Hillerich & Bradsby company history; National Baseball Hall of Fame on Honus Wagner's contract (1905)10
  • MLB.com on maple bat rules (2009) and torpedo bats (2025); The Original Maple Bat Corporation (Sam Bat) history; MLB.com, Sammy Sosa's corked bat (2003)10
  • Rawlings Gold Glove Award history (rawlings.com); Wilson A2000 history (wilson.com); National Baseball Hall of Fame glove collection10
  • National Baseball Hall of Fame on batting helmets and Branch Rickey's helmets (1953); SABR BioProject (Ken Harrelson, Tony Conigliaro); MLB rule history (1971, 1983)10
  • National Baseball Hall of Fame on Danny Litwhiler's radar gun (1974); SABR BioProject (Bob Feller, Nolan Ryan); MLB.com on pitch speed measurement10
  • Chicago White Sox on Comiskey Park's exploding scoreboard (1960); Los Angeles Dodgers on Diamond Vision (1980); Houston Astros on the Astrodome scoreboard10
  • New Era Cap company history (neweracap.com); MLB.com on Nike uniforms (2020) and the 2024 uniform complaints; Pittsburgh Pirates and Houston Astros uniform histories10
  • MLB.com, foreign substance enforcement (June 2021); MLB.com on Michael Pineda (2014); Gaylord Perry, Me and the Spitter (1974); SABR BioProject10
  • National Baseball Hall of Fame on umpires' equipment and Bill Klem; MLB.com on the merger of the umpire staffs (2000); SABR BioProject (Dummy Hoy)10