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Triathlon · Competition Rules

Part 12: Protests

2 parts · 8 tests · 80 facts · updated 12 October 2026 · markdown

Who may protest and about what, protest deadlines in elite and age-group races, the protest form and fee, the jury's training, powers, hearings and decisions, and the Technical Committee's results revision.

12.121Making a Protest

Who may protest and about what, deadlines in elite and age-group races, the protest form and fee.

Test 1Who may protest and about whatTake a test

  1. A protest may be started by an entered athlete or an accredited National Federation representative.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.3 a (Protests) · recall

  2. Protests are identified as Level 1; appeals come at Level 2 and Level 3.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.1 b (Protests) · recall

  3. Eligibility, start lists, field of play, conduct, equipment, officials' decisions and results errors can be protested.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.2 (Protests) · recall

  4. Field of play conditions are protestable, except when the race could not be held in its original format due to force majeure.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.2 c (Protests) · recall

  5. Such protests are judged on the correctness of the time penalty, not on the disqualification itself.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.1 c (Protests) · applied

  6. A protest may be made against another athlete, a Technical Official, a coach or any accredited personnel, or the Head Referee's decisions.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.1 a (Protests) · recall

  7. Decisions can be protested except a drafting violation and a time penalty already served.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.2 h (Protests) · recall

  8. The athlete announces and lodges it with the Head Referee, who passes it to the jury for a decision.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.3, 12.5 d-e, 12.7 a (Protests) · applied

  9. The protest is announced, the form is lodged with the Head Referee, and the Head Referee presents the case to the jury chair.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4, 12.5 d-e (Protests) · recall

  10. The desk turns it away: drafting calls are outside what a protest can challenge.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.2 h (Protests) · applied

Test 2Deadlines in elite racesTake a test

  1. Eligibility, start list and field of play protests must be announced before 20:00 local time the day before.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (i)-(iii) (Protests) · recall

  2. The protest form must follow within a further 15 minutes.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (i) (Protests) · recall

  3. Elite: within 5 minutes of the later of the protester's and the other athlete's finish.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (iv) (Protests) · recall

  4. The clock runs from the later of the protester's finish and the respondent's finish.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (iv) (Protests) · recall

  5. Elite results protests: within 5 minutes of posting, and the form within a further 15 minutes.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (ix) (Protests) · recall

  6. Briefing decisions may be protested no later than 2 hours before the competition starts.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (viii) 3 (Protests) · recall

  7. The 5 minutes run from the later of the protester's finish and the posting of the decision.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (viii) (Protests) · applied

  8. Eligibility: before 20:00 the day before; briefing: up to 2 hours before the start; conduct: within 5 minutes of the finish.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (Protests) · applied

  9. Announce within 5 minutes of the later finish, then lodge the form within a further 15 minutes.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (iv) (Protests) · recall

  10. Elite: within 5 minutes of the later finish, 10:44, so by 10:49.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (iv) (Protests) · applied

Test 3Deadlines in age-group racesTake a test

  1. Age-group protesters get three times the elite window to announce, and twice as long for the form.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (iv) 2 (Protests) · recall

  2. The age-group form window is double the elite one.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (iv) 2 (Protests) · recall

  3. Protests about officials, coaches or accredited staff run from the end of the competition.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (vi) 2 (Protests) · applied

  4. Age-group results protests may also go to World Triathlon at sport@triathlon.org.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (ix) 2 (Protests) · recall

  5. Emailed protests are accepted from 15 minutes after the end of the competition until 7 days after the results are published on triathlon.org.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (ix) 2 (Protests) · recall

  6. Protests are not accepted unless started and lodged within the relevant timeline.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (Protests) · recall

  7. Only someone with a stake in the race, the athlete or their accredited federation, may raise it.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (Protests) · recall

  8. 15 minutes, 30 minutes, then up to 7 days after results are published.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (ix) 2 (Protests) · recall

  9. 5 minutes for elite, 15 minutes for age-group, then 30 more minutes for the age-group form.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (ix) (Protests) · applied

  10. Posted at 12:00, announced by 12:15, then thirty more minutes: 12:45.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (ix) 2 (Protests) · applied

Test 4The protest form and feeTake a test

  1. The protest form may be obtained from the Head Referee.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.5 a (Protests) · recall

  2. A fee of 50 USD, or the equivalent in another currency, accompanies the form.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.5 b (Protests) · recall

  3. Emailed protests must include proof that the fee was transferred to World Triathlon.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.5 b (Protests) · applied

  4. The form includes a statement with a diagram if possible, the rule, time, place, people involved and witnesses.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.5 c (Protests) · recall

  5. If the jury decides against the protester, the fee is forwarded to World Triathlon.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 f (Protests) · applied

  6. The Head Referee is the single entry point for protests at the event.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.5 d-e (Protests) · recall

  7. Once a protest has been lodged with the jury, no further protest may be lodged for the same matter.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 g (Protests) · recall

  8. The rules list the competition first, then the protester, then the rule or decision at issue, and end with the witnesses and a summary of the facts.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.5 c (Protests) · recall

  9. The fee is returned if the jury decides in favour of the protester.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.5 b, 12.9 f (Protests) · applied

  10. A successful protest costs the protester nothing in the end.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 f (Protests) · applied

12.122Hearings and Results Revision

The jury's training and powers, the hearing, the decision and appeals, and results revision by the Technical Committee.

Test 1The jury's training and powersTake a test

  1. Jury members complete an online training module on the World Triathlon Education & Knowledge Hub before the briefing day.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.6 a (iii) (Protests) · recall

  2. The completion certificate is valid until the end of the following calendar year.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.6 a (iii) (Protests) · recall

  3. A jury member must not also be a member of the local organising committee in any capacity at the same event.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.6 a (v) (Protests) · applied

  4. After a protest the jury may modify the results, but it may not take the time of a served penalty off the final time. A penalty that was never served ends in disqualification, and there the jury can uphold the protest, drop the penalty and reverse the disqualification (3.9 d).

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.7 b (Protests) · recall

  5. The chair files written minutes for all protests within seven days of the decisions.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.7 c (Protests) · recall

  6. The jury may meet in person, online or a mix of both, as the chair decides.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 b (Protests) · recall

  7. The jury decides on all protests made to it that comply with the relevant timeline.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.7 a (Protests) · recall

  8. The module and certificate must be done before the briefing day of the competition.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.6 a (iii) (Protests) · recall

  9. Minutes are filed within seven days and sent to World Triathlon with the protest form.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.7 c, 12.9 e (Protests) · applied

  10. Finished in 2026, so it holds through the whole of 2027.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.6 a (iii) (Protests) · applied

Test 2The hearingTake a test

  1. The protester and respondent and/or one representative of their federation may be present; the hearing is not public.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 d (i), (iv) (Protests) · recall

  2. The hearing is not open to the public.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 d (iv) (Protests) · recall

  3. The chair accepts the protest if it was received within the timeline and concerns a matter that may be protested.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 d (vii) (Protests) · recall

  4. Witnesses, if the chair permits, may speak for up to three minutes each.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 d (xi) (Protests) · recall

  5. The jury considers the evidence and expert opinion and decides by simple majority.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 d (xiv) (Protests) · recall

  6. The decision is given immediately to the parties present and in writing on request.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 d (xv) (Protests) · recall

  7. A representative may appear on behalf of the protester or respondent if the chair permits.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 d (iii) (Protests) · recall

  8. The chair explains, reads the protest, rules on its acceptance, then presents the evidence.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 d (v)-(viii) (Protests) · recall

  9. The parties give their accounts, then witnesses, then other affected parties, and the jury may invite experts.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 d (ix)-(xiii) (Protests) · applied

  10. If a party fails to attend, the jury may make its decision in their absence.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 d (ii) (Protests) · applied

Test 3The decision and what followsTake a test

  1. Decisions to uphold or impose a penalty are based on the comfortable satisfaction of the majority that the violation occurred.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.8 a (v) (Protests) · recall

  2. Jury decisions made under the Competition Rules are field of play decisions.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 h (Protests) · recall

  3. Competition Jury decisions may be appealed to the World Triathlon Tribunal.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 i (Protests) · recall

  4. The jury must consider all submissions and expert opinions made to it.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.8 a (i) (Protests) · recall

  5. The chair of the Competition Jury is deemed not to have a conflict of interest.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.8 b (v) (Protests) · recall

  6. In case of absence or conflict, the chair may appoint a replacement, keeping the jury's original size.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.8 b (ii)-(iv) (Protests) · applied

  7. Two of three being comfortably satisfied is a majority, which is the standard needed.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.8 a (v); 12.9 d (xiv) (Protests) · applied

  8. The jury's ruling can still be taken one level up.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 h-i (Protests) · applied

  9. The protest is lodged with the Head Referee, decided by the jury, and may then be appealed to the Tribunal.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.5 d-e, 12.9 i (Protests) · recall

  10. Two of three is a simple majority, so the protest is upheld.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 d (xiv) (Protests) · applied

Test 4Revising results laterTake a test

  1. The Technical Committee may revise results on the basis of new evidence.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.10 a (Protests) · recall

  2. There is no time limit on the results revision process.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.10 b (Protests) · recall

  3. Field of play decisions and matters dealt with by a jury may not be reopened under results revision.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.10 c (Protests) · applied

  4. For results revision the Technical Committee follows the hearing procedure set out for the jury.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.10 e (Protests) · recall

  5. Revised results are notified to affected federations and athletes and published by World Triathlon.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.10 f (Protests) · recall

  6. Revision needs something the race itself did not show: fresh evidence.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.10 a (Protests) · recall

  7. The Technical Committee decides by maintaining or modifying the competition results.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.10 d (Protests) · recall

  8. New evidence, a hearing, a decision to maintain or modify, then notification and publication.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.10 (Protests) · recall

  9. Venue protests run in minutes, emailed age-group protests within 7 days, and results revision has no time limit.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4, 12.10 (Protests) · applied

  10. The results revision process has no time limit, as long as the matter was not a field of play decision.

    Source: World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.10 b (Protests) · applied

Sources

World Triathlon Competition Rules, January 2025, Part 12 (paraphrased in original wording; original questions authored from the rules, not reproduced)

  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (iv) (Protests)4
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (ix) 2 (Protests)4
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.6 a (iii) (Protests)4
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (Protests)3
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.2 h (Protests)2
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (ix) (Protests)2
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (iv) 2 (Protests)2
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.5 b (Protests)2
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.5 c (Protests)2
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 f (Protests)2
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 d (xiv) (Protests)2
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.10 a (Protests)2
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.10 b (Protests)2
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.3 a (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.1 b (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.2 (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.2 c (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.1 c (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.1 a (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.3, 12.5 d-e, 12.7 a (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4, 12.5 d-e (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (i)-(iii) (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (i) (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (viii) 3 (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (viii) (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4 a (vi) 2 (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.5 a (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.5 d-e (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 g (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.5 b, 12.9 f (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.6 a (v) (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.7 b (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.7 c (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 b (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.7 a (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.7 c, 12.9 e (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 d (i), (iv) (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 d (iv) (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 d (vii) (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 d (xi) (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 d (xv) (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 d (iii) (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 d (v)-(viii) (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 d (ix)-(xiii) (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 d (ii) (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.8 a (v) (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 h (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 i (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.8 a (i) (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.8 b (v) (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.8 b (ii)-(iv) (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.8 a (v); 12.9 d (xiv) (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.9 h-i (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.5 d-e, 12.9 i (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.10 c (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.10 e (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.10 f (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.10 d (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.10 (Protests)1
  • World Triathlon Competition Rules (January 2025), 12.4, 12.10 (Protests)1