What Rugby Is

Tries are scored by pressing the ball down beyond the opponents' goal line.

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A hand pass must not travel forwards; attackers gain ground by running and kicking.

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Carrying and kicking are the two ways to gain ground.

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Defenders tackle and contest to regain possession.

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Every player may carry, pass, kick and tackle.

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Points from tries and kicks are added up; the bigger total wins.

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Tackles, rucks, mauls and scrums are all contests where bodies meet.

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Possession first, ground gained, then the ball goes down over the line.

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A match is two halves with a break between them.

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Grounding the ball beyond the line is a try.

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Union is fifteen a side.

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Eight forwards and seven backs.

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The eight forwards make up the scrum.

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Seven backs: scrum-half, fly-half, two centres, two wings and the full-back.

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The forwards are called the pack.

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Forwards wear 1-8, backs 9-15.

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The XV on a team sheet is the number of players.

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Seven, thirteen and fifteen players a side.

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Front row 1-3, back row 6-8, half-backs 9-10, back three 11, 14 and 15.

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Numbers 1-8 are the forwards; 9-15 are the backs.

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A try needs the ball grounded, not just carried over.

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In early rugby a touchdown only gave the right to try a kick at goal.

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In-goal lies between the goal line and the dead-ball line.

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The conversion is taken in line with where the try was scored.

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The goal line belongs to in-goal, so the ball on the line counts.

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Hands, arms or the chest side from waist to neck.

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A try near the posts gives an easier conversion.

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The kick only comes once the try is given.

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From halfway: the 22, then the goal line, in-goal, and the dead-ball line.

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Grounding in in-goal is a try, diving or not.

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A try is five points in union.

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Conversion: two points.

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Penalty goal: three points.

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A drop goal, kicked in open play, is worth three.

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Five plus two.

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5 + 5 + 2 + 3 + 3 = 18.

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The ball goes above the bar and between the uprights.

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Two, three and five.

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9, 10 and 14 points.

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A penalty kick at goal that goes over is worth three points.

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Two halves of forty minutes.

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Each half is forty minutes.

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Teams switch ends for the second half.

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The teams rest and change ends at half-time.

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Kicking the ball dead ends the half once time is up.

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Major matches use a timekeeper; elsewhere the referee keeps time.

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Stoppage time is added so the match keeps its full length.

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Each forty-minute half starts with a kick-off.

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Fourteen minutes, twenty minutes in a final with ten-minute halves, and eighty.

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The half ends at the next stoppage once time is up.

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Union is the fifteen-a-side code.

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League is thirteen a side.

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The split came in the north of England in 1895.

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Rugby grew from the football played at English public schools.

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American and Canadian football grew out of rugby.

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In touch a defender touches the carrier instead of tackling.

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Outside league areas, 'rugby' usually means union.

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Seven, thirteen and fifteen.

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Early 1800s, 1895, 2016.

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Touch replaces the tackle with a touch.

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Sevens is seven a side on a full-size field.

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Halves of seven minutes, with a longer final in some events.

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Seven players on a full field leaves lots of space.

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Sevens joined the Olympics in Rio.

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Fiji's gold in 2016 was the country's first Olympic medal.

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Teams play several games in a weekend.

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Few defenders on a big field leave gaps.

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Seven, forty and eighty minutes.

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Sevens was played in 2016, 2021 and 2024.

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Seven a side on a full field.

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Respect for opponents is a rugby value.

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Solidarity is team spirit and loyalty.

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Discipline includes accepting decisions on and off the field.

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Integrity is honesty and fair play.

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Passion is the excitement and belonging rugby creates.

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The captain is the team's voice with the referee.

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Players meeting after the game is known as the third half.

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Respect runs from the first whistle to after the game.

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Captains ask at a stoppage and accept the reply.

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Clapping the other team off is a sign of respect.

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Women's rugby has its own World Cup and leagues.

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The first women's World Cup was in Wales in 1991.

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Mini rugby suits young children.

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Many clubs start tag rugby around five or six.

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Props, locks, scrum-halves and wings all need different builds.

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Walking rugby is played at walking pace without contact.

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Tag rugby is a non-contact first game for many children.

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Non-contact first, then smaller games, then the full game.

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1987, 1991 and 2016.

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Pulling a tag replaces the tackle.

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The colour gave the team its nickname, the All Blacks.

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South Africa play as the Springboks.

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Australia are the Wallabies.

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The European championship of these six nations.

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Samoa, Tonga and Fiji are the Pacific's leading rugby nations.

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Japan was the first Asian host.

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Argentina are Los Pumas.

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2019, 2023 and 2027.

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Italy in 2000, Argentina in 2012, Japan's World Cup in 2019.

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The All Blacks perform the haka before Tests.

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