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Football · Faits intéressants

Chapitre 9 : Fans, médias et argent

10 tests · 100 faits · mis à jour le 23 octobre 2026 · markdown

The people around the game: terrace culture, collectibles and games, radio and television firsts, wages and players' rights, shirt sponsors and stadium names, footballers giving back, the pools and fantasy football, commentators' famous lines and fans on tour.

9.91Terrace Culture

Ultras, fanzines, inflatable bananas, the Poznań, Celtic's Huddle and wooden rattles.

Test 1Supporters' cultureFaire un test

  1. Ultras groups spread across Italian football in the 1970s.

    Source : AC Milan, 'La Fossa dei Leoni' (acmilan.com) · restitution

  2. Fanzines grew in the 1980s as fans answered back to clubs and the press.

    Source : When Saturday Comes, 'About us' (wsc.co.uk) · restitution

  3. Fans sang his name with the inflatable fruit held high.

    Source : Manchester City, 'The inflatable banana craze' and 'The Poznań' (mancity.com) · restitution

  4. Fans in England took it up after a Europa League meeting in 2010.

    Source : Lech Poznań, 'The Poznań' (lechpoznan.pl) · restitution

  5. It became a regular sight before kick-off from the mid-1990s.

    Source : Celtic FC, 'The Huddle' (celticfc.com) · restitution

  6. Rattles often carried the club colours.

    Source : National Football Museum, 'Rattles and rosettes' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · restitution

  7. Grimsby's fans waved inflatable fish, a nod to the port's trade.

    Source : Manchester City, 'The inflatable banana craze' and 'The Poznań' (mancity.com) · restitution

  8. 1968, 1986, 1987-88 and 2010.

    Source : Club heritage pages (acmilan.com, mancity.com, celticfc.com) and When Saturday Comes · restitution

  9. The early 20th century, 1968 and 1995.

    Source : Club heritage pages (acmilan.com, mancity.com, celticfc.com) and When Saturday Comes · restitution

  10. The craze is often traced to one fan's banana at a match in 1987.

    Source : Manchester City, 'The inflatable banana craze' and 'The Poznań' (mancity.com) · restitution

9.92Collectibles and Games

Panini stickers, Subbuteo, table football, Shoot! magazine and the Esso coins.

Test 1CollectiblesFaire un test

  1. The four brothers' company issued its first football album in 1961.

    Source : Panini Group, 'Our history' (panini.it) · restitution

  2. Albums have followed for every World Cup since.

    Source : Panini Group, 'Our history' (panini.it) · restitution

  3. Peter Adolph wanted to call it 'The Hobby' but could not register the name.

    Source : National Football Museum, 'Subbuteo' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · restitution

  4. Early players had flat cardboard figures.

    Source : National Football Museum, 'Subbuteo' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · restitution

  5. His toy game fixed the players to rods turned by hand.

    Source : UK Intellectual Property Office, patent of Harold Searles Thornton (1921); National Football Museum · restitution

  6. Match followed in 1979.

    Source : Shoot! magazine archive (shoot.co.uk); Match magazine · restitution

  7. The set featured the players chosen for Mexico.

    Source : The FA, '1970 World Cup coin collection' (englandfootball.com) · restitution

  8. 1921, 1947, 1961 and 1969.

    Source : Panini, Subbuteo and National Football Museum histories · restitution

  9. 1961, 1970 and 1979.

    Source : Panini, Subbuteo and National Football Museum histories · restitution

  10. Children swap 'got, got, need' in playgrounds every World Cup.

    Source : Panini Group, 'Our history' (panini.it) · restitution

9.93Radio and Television Firsts

The first commentary, the square-one grid, the 1938 final, the first Match of the Day and Grandstand.

Test 1Football broadcastingFaire un test

  1. The BBC's Teddy Wakelam described the game from Highbury.

    Source : BBC, 'The first football commentary, 1927' and 'Match of the Day at 50' (bbc.co.uk) · restitution

  2. A second voice called out the square the ball was in.

    Source : BBC, 'The first football commentary, 1927' and 'Match of the Day at 50' (bbc.co.uk) · restitution

  3. George Mutch scored a penalty in the last minute of extra time.

    Source : The FA, '1938: the first FA Cup final shown live in full' (thefa.com) · restitution

  4. Liverpool won 3-2; only about 20,000 people watched on BBC2.

    Source : BBC, 'The first football commentary, 1927' and 'Match of the Day at 50' (bbc.co.uk) · restitution

  5. Matches were broadcast to several European countries.

    Source : FIFA, '1954: the first televised World Cup' (inside.fifa.com) · restitution

  6. It ran until 2007 and carried the classified results.

    Source : BBC, 'Grandstand 1958-2007' (bbc.co.uk) · restitution

  7. BBC2 could then be received only in the London area.

    Source : BBC, 'The first football commentary, 1927' and 'Match of the Day at 50' (bbc.co.uk) · restitution

  8. 1927, 1938, 1954 and 1964.

    Source : BBC, 'The first football commentary, 1927' and 'Match of the Day at 50' (bbc.co.uk) · restitution

  9. 1958, 1964 and 1974.

    Source : BBC, 'Grandstand 1958-2007' (bbc.co.uk) · restitution

  10. Historians doubt the story, but it remains a popular explanation.

    Source : BBC, 'The first football commentary, 1927' and 'Match of the Day at 50' (bbc.co.uk) · restitution

9.94Wages and Players' Rights

The maximum wage, Johnny Haynes' £100, the Eastham case, the players' union and the Webster ruling.

Test 1Players' pay and contractsFaire un test

  1. The players' union, led by Jimmy Hill, threatened to strike.

    Source : Professional Footballers' Association, 'Our history' and 'The end of the maximum wage, 1961' (thepfa.com) · restitution

  2. He had said his captain was worth it once the cap went.

    Source : Fulham FC, 'Johnny Haynes, the first £100-a-week player' (fulhamfc.com) · restitution

  3. It had been raised step by step since the Second World War.

    Source : Professional Footballers' Association, 'Our history' and 'The end of the maximum wage, 1961' (thepfa.com) · restitution

  4. Clubs could no longer hold a player without a contract indefinitely.

    Source : The National Archives, 'Eastham v Newcastle United, 1963'; PFA · restitution

  5. It later became the Professional Footballers' Association.

    Source : Professional Footballers' Association, 'Our history' and 'The end of the maximum wage, 1961' (thepfa.com) · restitution

  6. FIFA's Article 17 lets a player end a contract early by paying compensation.

    Source : FIFA, Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players, Article 17; Court of Arbitration for Sport, Webster ruling (2008) · restitution

  7. Hill later became a manager and a television presenter.

    Source : Professional Footballers' Association, 'Our history' and 'The end of the maximum wage, 1961' (thepfa.com) · restitution

  8. 1907, 1961, 1963 and 2006.

    Source : Professional Footballers' Association, 'Our history' and 'The end of the maximum wage, 1961' (thepfa.com) · restitution

  9. 1901, 1947 and 1958.

    Source : Professional Footballers' Association, 'Our history' and 'The end of the maximum wage, 1961' (thepfa.com) · restitution

  10. Haynes captained Fulham and England.

    Source : Fulham FC, 'Johnny Haynes, the first £100-a-week player' (fulhamfc.com) · restitution

9.95Shirt Sponsors

Jägermeister's stag, Liverpool and Hitachi, Sharp, Zanussi, JVC and Athletic's first sponsor.

Test 1Shirt sponsorshipFaire un test

  1. They changed their crest to match the sponsor's logo.

    Source : Eintracht Braunschweig, 'Jägermeister: der erste Trikotsponsor' (eintracht.com) · restitution

  2. The sponsor was the Japanese company Hitachi.

    Source : Liverpool FC, 'Hitachi: the first shirt sponsor in English top flight' (liverpoolfc.com) · restitution

  3. It was one of the longest shirt deals in English football.

    Source : Manchester United, 'Sharp shirts 1982-2000' (manutd.com) · restitution

  4. Zanussi made kitchen appliances.

    Source : Real Madrid, 'Zanussi, el primer patrocinador' (realmadrid.com) · restitution

  5. The Basque oil refiner's name appeared for the club's 110th anniversary season.

    Source : Athletic Club, 'Petronor, the first sponsor on the shirt' (athletic-club.eus) · restitution

  6. JVC stayed on the shirt until 1999.

    Source : Arsenal FC, 'JVC 1981' (arsenal.com) · restitution

  7. Advertising was not allowed, but a crest was.

    Source : Eintracht Braunschweig, 'Jägermeister: der erste Trikotsponsor' (eintracht.com) · restitution

  8. 1973, 1979, 1981 and 1982.

    Source : Club histories: eintracht.com, liverpoolfc.com, arsenal.com, manutd.com, realmadrid.com, athletic-club.eus · restitution

  9. 1982, 1999 and 2008.

    Source : Club histories: eintracht.com, liverpoolfc.com, arsenal.com, manutd.com, realmadrid.com, athletic-club.eus · restitution

  10. The stag with a cross between its antlers is the liqueur's logo.

    Source : Eintracht Braunschweig, 'Jägermeister: der erste Trikotsponsor' (eintracht.com) · restitution

9.96What's in a Stadium Name

The Fußball Arena München, the Reebok, Signal Iduna Park, the Amex, King Power and bet365.

Test 1Stadium naming rightsFaire un test

  1. The club and its sponsor agree a neutral name for those games.

    Source : UEFA, 'Stadium naming rules in UEFA competitions' (uefa.com); FC Bayern (fcbayern.com) · restitution

  2. The sportswear firm had roots in the Bolton area.

    Source : Bolton Wanderers, 'The Reebok Stadium' (bwfc.co.uk) · restitution

  3. The insurer is based in Dortmund.

    Source : Borussia Dortmund, 'SIGNAL IDUNA PARK' (bvb.de) · restitution

  4. It opened in 2011 as the Juventus Stadium.

    Source : Juventus, 'Allianz Stadium' (juventus.com) · restitution

  5. The betting firm is owned by the club's owners.

    Source : Stoke City, 'bet365 Stadium' (stokecityfc.com) · restitution

  6. The duty-free retailer belonged to the club's owners.

    Source : Leicester City, 'King Power Stadium' (lcfc.com) · restitution

  7. The card company has a large office in the city.

    Source : Brighton & Hove Albion, 'The Amex' (brightonandhovealbion.com) · restitution

  8. 1997, 2005, 2011, 2016 and 2017.

    Source : Club stadium pages: bwfc.co.uk, bvb.de, lcfc.com, brightonandhovealbion.com, stokecityfc.com, juventus.com · restitution

  9. 1974, 1997 et 2002.

    Source : Club stadium pages: bwfc.co.uk, bvb.de, lcfc.com, brightonandhovealbion.com, stokecityfc.com, juventus.com · restitution

  10. The same applies to other sponsored grounds in Europe.

    Source : UEFA, 'Stadium naming rules in UEFA competitions' (uefa.com); FC Bayern (fcbayern.com) · restitution

9.97Redonner

Common Goal, Rashford's school meals, Soccer Aid, the Homeless and Street Child World Cups, Mané and Drogba.

Test 1Football and charityFaire un test

  1. Robbie Williams and Jonathan Wilkes set it up.

    Source : Soccer Aid for UNICEF, 'History' (socceraid.org.uk) · restitution

  2. It was held before the World Cup in South Africa.

    Source : Street Child World Cup, 'About' (streetchildunited.org) · restitution

  3. Again it came just before a World Cup.

    Source : Street Child World Cup, 'About' (streetchildunited.org) · restitution

  4. Schmied edited a street newspaper sold by homeless people.

    Source : Homeless World Cup Foundation, 'Founders Mel Young and Harald Schmied' (homelessworldcup.org) · restitution

  5. It is the village where he grew up.

    Source : Liverpool FC, 'Sadio Mané's hospital in Bambali' (liverpoolfc.com) · restitution

  6. He gave his sponsorship fees to the project.

    Source : Didier Drogba Foundation (fondationdidierdrogba.org); Chelsea FC · restitution

  7. He gave his bonus to fund surgery for 23 children.

    Source : Arsenal FC and DFB reports on Mesut Özil's 2014 World Cup donation (arsenal.com; dfb.de) · restitution

  8. 2003, 2006, 2010 and 2014.

    Source : Common Goal, Soccer Aid, Homeless World Cup and Street Child United histories · restitution

  9. 2006, 2014 and 2021.

    Source : Common Goal, Soccer Aid, Homeless World Cup and Street Child United histories · restitution

  10. It took place in September 2003.

    Source : Homeless World Cup Foundation, 'Our story' (homelessworldcup.org) · restitution

9.98The Pools, Fantasy and Video Games

Littlewoods, Fantasy Football League, FPL, Championship Manager, Sensible Soccer and EA Sports FC.

Test 1Pools and gamesFaire un test

  1. Millions filled in its coupons each week.

    Source : Littlewoods Pools history; National Football Museum, 'The football pools' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · restitution

  2. It was presented by Frank Skinner and David Baddiel.

    Source : BBC, 'Fantasy Football League' (1994); Premier League, 'Fantasy Premier League' (fantasy.premierleague.com) · restitution

  3. It now has millions of players around the world.

    Source : BBC, 'Fantasy Football League' (1994); Premier League, 'Fantasy Premier League' (fantasy.premierleague.com) · restitution

  4. Their studio, Sports Interactive, later made Football Manager.

    Source : Sports Interactive, 'Our history' (sigames.com) · restitution

  5. The licence deal with FIFA ended after thirty years.

    Source : Electronic Arts, 'EA SPORTS FC' (ea.com); Konami, 'Pro Evolution Soccer' (konami.com) · restitution

  6. It was known for its tiny players seen from above.

    Source : Sensible Software history; National Videogame Museum (thenvm.org) · restitution

  7. In Japan it was called Winning Eleven.

    Source : Electronic Arts, 'EA SPORTS FC' (ea.com); Konami, 'Pro Evolution Soccer' (konami.com) · restitution

  8. 1923, 1992, 1994, 2002 and 2023.

    Source : Publishers' release records: ea.com, sigames.com, konami.com · restitution

  9. 1992, 1993 and 2001.

    Source : Publishers' release records: ea.com, sigames.com, konami.com · restitution

  10. A line of score draws could win a fortune.

    Source : Littlewoods Pools history; National Football Museum, 'The football pools' (nationalfootballmuseum.com) · restitution

9.99Commentators' Famous Lines

Lillelien in 1981, the cosmic kite, Agüerooooo, the Crazy Gang and 'It's up for grabs now'.

Test 1Famous commentaryFaire un test

  1. He listed famous British names, from Lord Nelson to Margaret Thatcher.

    Source : NRK, 'Lillelien: Your boys took a hell of a beating' (nrk.no, 1981) · restitution

  2. 'Barrilete cósmico' became one of the most famous calls in Spanish.

    Source : AFA and Radio Uruguay archives, 'Barrilete cósmico' (1986) · restitution

  3. Manchester City scored twice in stoppage time on the last day.

    Source : Sky Sports, 'Agüerooooo: Martin Tyler's call, 2012' (skysports.com) · restitution

  4. It was his nickname for Liverpool's stylish side.

    Source : BBC, 'John Motson's greatest lines' (bbc.co.uk) · restitution

  5. Arsenal won the 1989 title on the last night of the season.

    Source : ITV Sport, '1989: Brian Moore and Arsenal at Anfield' (itv.com) · restitution

  6. Lee scored for Derby against his old club, Manchester City.

    Source : BBC, 'Barry Davies: Interesting... very interesting' (bbc.co.uk, 1974) · restitution

  7. Norway had won the World Cup qualifier 2-1 in Oslo.

    Source : NRK, 'Lillelien: Your boys took a hell of a beating' (nrk.no, 1981) · restitution

  8. 1966, 1981, 1986, 1989 and 2012.

    Source : BBC, ITV, NRK and Sky Sports archives · restitution

  9. 1988, 1989 and 2012.

    Source : BBC, ITV, NRK and Sky Sports archives · restitution

  10. Tyler had commentated for Sky since the start of the Premier League.

    Source : Sky Sports, 'Agüerooooo: Martin Tyler's call, 2012' (skysports.com) · restitution

9.100Fans on Tour

Fan Fests, the Roligans, Japan's tidy stands, Ireland's medal, the Viking clap and Wales in 2016.

Test 1Fans at tournamentsFaire un test

  1. Big screens in city centres drew millions who had no tickets.

    Source : FIFA, 'FIFA Fan Fest: from 2006 to today' (fifa.com) · restitution

  2. 'Rolig' means calm in Danish, a play on 'hooligans'.

    Source : Dansk Boldspil-Union, 'Roligans' (dbu.dk) · restitution

  3. The players also left their dressing room spotless.

    Source : Japan Football Association and FIFA, 'Japan fans clean up' (fifa.com, 2018 and 2022) · restitution

  4. They were praised for their good humour across France.

    Source : Football Association of Ireland, 'Paris honours Irish fans, Euro 2016' (fai.ie) · restitution

  5. The chant became one of the songs of the summer.

    Source : Irish Football Association, 'Euro 2016: the Green and White Army' (irishfa.com); UEFA · restitution

  6. Fans sang that they did not want to go back home.

    Source : Football Association of Wales, 'Don't take me home, Euro 2016' (faw.cymru) · restitution

  7. The room was left spotless, too.

    Source : Japan Football Association and FIFA, 'Japan fans clean up' (fifa.com, 2018 and 2022) · restitution

  8. 1986, 2006, 2016 and 2022.

    Source : UEFA, FIFA and federation records of fans at tournaments · restitution

  9. 11 June, 27 June and 1 July 2016.

    Source : UEFA, FIFA and federation records of fans at tournaments · restitution

  10. The clap echoed around the stadiums of France.

    Source : Football Association of Iceland, 'The Viking clap' (ksi.is); UEFA Euro 2016 · restitution

Sources

Primary/official sources only, no Wikipedia citations: clubs' and federations' own histories, the BBC and other broadcasters, the PFA, publishers and charities' own pages.

  • BBC, 'The first football commentary, 1927' and 'Match of the Day at 50' (bbc.co.uk)6
  • Professional Footballers' Association, 'Our history' and 'The end of the maximum wage, 1961' (thepfa.com)6
  • Manchester City, 'The inflatable banana craze' and 'The Poznań' (mancity.com)3
  • Panini Group, 'Our history' (panini.it)3
  • Eintracht Braunschweig, 'Jägermeister: der erste Trikotsponsor' (eintracht.com)3
  • Club heritage pages (acmilan.com, mancity.com, celticfc.com) and When Saturday Comes2
  • National Football Museum, 'Subbuteo' (nationalfootballmuseum.com)2
  • Panini, Subbuteo and National Football Museum histories2
  • BBC, 'Grandstand 1958-2007' (bbc.co.uk)2
  • Fulham FC, 'Johnny Haynes, the first £100-a-week player' (fulhamfc.com)2
  • Club histories: eintracht.com, liverpoolfc.com, arsenal.com, manutd.com, realmadrid.com, athletic-club.eus2
  • UEFA, 'Stadium naming rules in UEFA competitions' (uefa.com); FC Bayern (fcbayern.com)2
  • Club stadium pages: bwfc.co.uk, bvb.de, lcfc.com, brightonandhovealbion.com, stokecityfc.com, juventus.com2
  • Street Child World Cup, 'About' (streetchildunited.org)2
  • Common Goal, Soccer Aid, Homeless World Cup and Street Child United histories2
  • Littlewoods Pools history; National Football Museum, 'The football pools' (nationalfootballmuseum.com)2
  • BBC, 'Fantasy Football League' (1994); Premier League, 'Fantasy Premier League' (fantasy.premierleague.com)2
  • Electronic Arts, 'EA SPORTS FC' (ea.com); Konami, 'Pro Evolution Soccer' (konami.com)2
  • Publishers' release records: ea.com, sigames.com, konami.com2
  • NRK, 'Lillelien: Your boys took a hell of a beating' (nrk.no, 1981)2
  • Sky Sports, 'Agüerooooo: Martin Tyler's call, 2012' (skysports.com)2
  • BBC, ITV, NRK and Sky Sports archives2
  • Japan Football Association and FIFA, 'Japan fans clean up' (fifa.com, 2018 and 2022)2
  • UEFA, FIFA and federation records of fans at tournaments2
  • AC Milan, 'La Fossa dei Leoni' (acmilan.com)1
  • When Saturday Comes, 'About us' (wsc.co.uk)1
  • Lech Poznań, 'The Poznań' (lechpoznan.pl)1
  • Celtic FC, 'The Huddle' (celticfc.com)1
  • National Football Museum, 'Rattles and rosettes' (nationalfootballmuseum.com)1
  • UK Intellectual Property Office, patent of Harold Searles Thornton (1921); National Football Museum1
  • Shoot! magazine archive (shoot.co.uk); Match magazine1
  • The FA, '1970 World Cup coin collection' (englandfootball.com)1
  • The FA, '1938: the first FA Cup final shown live in full' (thefa.com)1
  • FIFA, '1954: the first televised World Cup' (inside.fifa.com)1
  • The National Archives, 'Eastham v Newcastle United, 1963'; PFA1
  • FIFA, Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players, Article 17; Court of Arbitration for Sport, Webster ruling (2008)1
  • Liverpool FC, 'Hitachi: the first shirt sponsor in English top flight' (liverpoolfc.com)1
  • Manchester United, 'Sharp shirts 1982-2000' (manutd.com)1
  • Real Madrid, 'Zanussi, el primer patrocinador' (realmadrid.com)1
  • Athletic Club, 'Petronor, the first sponsor on the shirt' (athletic-club.eus)1
  • Arsenal FC, 'JVC 1981' (arsenal.com)1
  • Bolton Wanderers, 'The Reebok Stadium' (bwfc.co.uk)1
  • Borussia Dortmund, 'SIGNAL IDUNA PARK' (bvb.de)1
  • Juventus, 'Allianz Stadium' (juventus.com)1
  • Stoke City, 'bet365 Stadium' (stokecityfc.com)1
  • Leicester City, 'King Power Stadium' (lcfc.com)1
  • Brighton & Hove Albion, 'The Amex' (brightonandhovealbion.com)1
  • Soccer Aid for UNICEF, 'History' (socceraid.org.uk)1
  • Homeless World Cup Foundation, 'Founders Mel Young and Harald Schmied' (homelessworldcup.org)1
  • Liverpool FC, 'Sadio Mané's hospital in Bambali' (liverpoolfc.com)1
  • Didier Drogba Foundation (fondationdidierdrogba.org); Chelsea FC1
  • Arsenal FC and DFB reports on Mesut Özil's 2014 World Cup donation (arsenal.com; dfb.de)1
  • Homeless World Cup Foundation, 'Our story' (homelessworldcup.org)1
  • Sports Interactive, 'Our history' (sigames.com)1
  • Sensible Software history; National Videogame Museum (thenvm.org)1
  • AFA and Radio Uruguay archives, 'Barrilete cósmico' (1986)1
  • BBC, 'John Motson's greatest lines' (bbc.co.uk)1
  • ITV Sport, '1989: Brian Moore and Arsenal at Anfield' (itv.com)1
  • BBC, 'Barry Davies: Interesting... very interesting' (bbc.co.uk, 1974)1
  • FIFA, 'FIFA Fan Fest: from 2006 to today' (fifa.com)1
  • Dansk Boldspil-Union, 'Roligans' (dbu.dk)1
  • Football Association of Ireland, 'Paris honours Irish fans, Euro 2016' (fai.ie)1
  • Irish Football Association, 'Euro 2016: the Green and White Army' (irishfa.com); UEFA1
  • Football Association of Wales, 'Don't take me home, Euro 2016' (faw.cymru)1
  • Football Association of Iceland, 'The Viking clap' (ksi.is); UEFA Euro 20161