Field, Stick and Ball

USA Field Hockey gives the field as 100 by 60 yards (91.40 by 55 metres).

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The long boundaries are the side-lines; the short ones are the back-lines.

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The centre-line divides the field in half; a centre pass is taken from its middle.

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The 23-metres line is about 25 yards out, so Americans call it the 25-yard line.

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Lines belong to the field; the ball is out only when it has fully crossed.

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USA Field Hockey notes feet may be outside as long as the ball is in or on the line.

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The broken line marks 5 metres outside the circle; US guides note it helps judge set pieces.

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Back-line, circle, broken line 5 m outside it, then the 23-metres line and the centre.

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About 14.6, 22.9, 55 and 91.4 metres.

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The highlighted line runs across the middle of the field: the centre-line.

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Quarter-circles round each post are joined by a short straight in front of the goal.

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The area from the 23-metres line to the back-line is a 23-metres area.

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A deliberate foul by a defender in their 23-metres area can bring a penalty corner.

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Defensive fouls in the circle give a penalty corner, or a penalty stroke if they stop a likely goal.

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The penalty spot is where the ball is placed for a penalty stroke.

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Each goal has its own circle.

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Goalkeepers defend the circle; outside it they may play only with the stick.

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The circle sits inside the 23-metres area, which sits inside the half.

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Running at goal, the attacker passes the centre-line, then the 23-metres line, then the top of the circle.

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The ball lies within the circle's line in front of the goal.

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A goal is 3.66 m wide, about 12 feet.

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A goal is 2.14 m high, about 7 feet.

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The goal sits outside the field, its front edge against the back of the goal-line.

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Boards about 18 inches high line the inside of the sides and back.

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Goals sit flat and heavy for safety, so they are tipped and rolled on wheels.

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Indoor goals are 3 m by 2 m, smaller than the outdoor 3.66 m by 2.14 m.

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Goals are commonly aluminium or wood.

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About 46 cm, 1.2 m, 2.14 m and 3.66 m.

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The goal must sit outside the field, square to the line, safe and secure.

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The boards sit inside the goal, so a ball hitting them has crossed the line.

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Sticks are rounded on one side and flat on the other.

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The flat playing side is on the left as the stick is held with the head pointing away.

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A stick has a handle and a curved head.

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Every stick has the same shape, so left- and right-handers use the same sticks.

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Turning the stick so the flat face plays a ball on the left is reverse stick play.

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The top hand controls the stick from the end of the handle.

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The toe is the tip of the hooked head.

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Grip at the top, handle, then the curved head ending in the toe.

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The stick rolls over so its face points left before contact.

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The flat face (and its edges) plays the ball; the rounded back may not.

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Too long a stick is difficult to manoeuvre.

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A stick too short may be awkward and limit power.

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Most adults of any height prefer sticks of about 36 to 37.5 inches.

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Developing players often switch to a more powerful composite stick.

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Wood is lighter and less rigid, which makes control easier.

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USA Field Hockey suggests asking a coach, manufacturer or retailer.

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A heavier stick adds power but is slower to move.

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Stick length grows with the player.

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Measure against the hip, try it, then choose for comfort.

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A stick reaching the top of the hip suits most players; much longer or shorter feels awkward.

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Hockey balls are made of plastic.

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Balls are usually white or orange, any colour that contrasts with the surface.

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Dimples reduce aquaplaning on wet surfaces.

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The ball is hard and spherical.

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A hockey ball is about 22 to 23.5 cm round, close to a cricket ball.

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Indoor balls are slightly lighter than outdoor ones.

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Bigger, softer development balls help beginners control the ball.

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A hockey ball sits between a golf ball and a football.

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Dimpled balls are used to reduce aquaplaning on wet surfaces.

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The hockey ball is the small, hard, white ball.

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Elite matches today are almost all on artificial surfaces rather than grass.

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An even surface lets the ball run true and fast.

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The pitch is sprayed with water before play, which keeps the surface quick and even.

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Sand-filled turf holds sand among its fibres, common at club level.

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On multi-sport fields where hockey is not the priority, hockey lines are often yellow.

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Turf shoes have short rubber studs for grip.

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Hockey is played on grass and turf; grass is common at school level.

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Watered turf is the fastest surface.

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Grass, then turf from 1976, now watered turf.

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The even green surface and white lines mark a synthetic turf pitch.

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Hard plastic shin guards protect against balls and sticks.

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Mouth guards prevent damage to the teeth.

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Gloves are optional: for protection, grip and warmth.

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Defenders may wear a face mask while defending a penalty corner.

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Masks are removed safely once the corner is over, before playing outside the 23-metres area.

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Many shin guards have a part covering the ankle bones.

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Loose shin guards slip and leave the shin unprotected.

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Mouth, hands, then shins.

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Shin guards go under the socks; the mouth guard goes in just before play.

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The curved piece that fits the teeth is a mouth guard.

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Blockers are the goalkeeper's hand protectors.

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A throat protector hangs below the helmet.

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Some goalkeeper sticks have a curved blade for extra stopping area; a normal stick is allowed too.

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The goalkeeper's shirt goes over the upper-body protection.

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Kit must fit well for maximum mobility and protection.

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A protective girdle is worn under the padded pants.

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Kickers over the shoes let goalkeepers kick the ball away inside the circle.

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Legs and feet first, then body, the helmet last.

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Head, neck, chest, legs, feet.

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The two tall pads strap onto the legs: leg guards.

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A stick must be smooth with no rough or sharp parts.

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Grips and tape are allowed and help the hold, as long as the stick still fits the specification.

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A damaged stick can be dangerous; it should be replaced.

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Washing and drying kit keeps it hygienic and lasting.

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A case keeps the mouth guard clean between uses.

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Pads left wet in a bag smell and wear out.

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Stick bags carry sticks, balls and kit safely.

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Unpack, dry, clean and air.

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Stick, protection, mouth guard, then off to the pitch.

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A split stick may be rough or sharp and dangerous to others.

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