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足球板球五人制足球铁人三项网球高尔夫球花样滑冰篮球排球方法论为何有效参加测试

排球 · 等级8：专家 · 子等级 8.1

执教理念

10项测试 · 100条事实 · 更新于 2026年10月25日 · markdown

What a coaching philosophy is, player-centred coaching, feedback, the coach as a role model, team culture, mistakes and the learning climate, motivation, ethics and fair play, reflection, and the balance between winning and development.

下面每项测试在 Insporta 上都是十道题。测试下方的清单列出这些题考查的内容：每题一条事实，并附所依据的来源。可以先读清单再做测试，答错后也可以回来查看。

测试 1What a philosophy is参加测试

  1. A philosophy is what the coach believes and values.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  2. A written philosophy is a reference point for daily choices.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  3. The reason for coaching shapes everything else.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  4. What a coach does each day reveals what she believes.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  5. Words and actions have to match to be believed.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  6. Development and top results call for different priorities.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  7. A philosophy covers values such as respect for players.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  8. Reflect, write, act and review.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

  9. A philosophy looks furthest ahead; a rally is the shortest unit.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

  10. The first meeting sets out how the group will work together.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

测试 2以球员为中心的执教参加测试

  1. Player-centred coaching starts from the players.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  2. Questions make the player think about the skill herself.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  3. Making choices in practice builds decision-making in matches.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  4. Shared goals are more motivating than imposed ones.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  5. A command style puts every decision with the coach.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  6. A time-out leaves little room for long discussion.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  7. The focus moves to how each player is developing.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  8. Error, question, idea and new attempt.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

  9. Control moves step by step from the coach to the players.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

  10. A question invites the player to find the answer.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

测试 3Communication and feedback参加测试

  1. "Good platform angle" tells the player more than "good".

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  2. Close timing links the feedback to the movement.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  3. One or two cues are easier to act on than five.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  4. The correction sits between two positive comments.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  5. Players who can correct themselves need the coach less in matches.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  6. Tone and posture can contradict the words.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  7. Useful feedback points to what can change.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  8. Observe, praise, cue and repeat.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

  9. Feedback can come at once or much later.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

  10. She names one detail at once.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

测试 4The coach as role model参加测试

  1. Players learn behaviour by watching the adults around them.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  2. Players take their lead from the coach's reaction.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  3. Being early models the punctuality she asks for.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  4. Owning mistakes models honesty and learning.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  5. Example often teaches more than words.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  6. Respect is shown before it is asked for.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  7. Players trust a coach who is fair to everyone.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  8. Good example runs from arrival to farewell.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

  9. Notice, talk, apologise and change.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

  10. Her example teaches how to lose with respect.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

测试 5Team culture and values参加测试

  1. Culture is how the group acts when the coach is not watching.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  2. Rules players helped make are kept more willingly.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  3. Values live in what the team does each day.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  4. Encouragement keeps players willing to try.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  5. The first weeks show a new player how the group works.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  6. Rules that bend for one lose meaning for all.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  7. Experienced players set the tone for the rest.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  8. Discuss, agree, describe and live them.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

  9. Support ranges from active encouragement to blame.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

  10. Team-mates back the player after an error.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

测试 6Mistakes and learning参加测试

  1. Players attempt new skills when errors are not punished.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  2. Fear of punishment makes players play safe and learn less.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  3. Effort is fully in the player's control; skill errors are part of learning.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  4. Attention on the next ball stops the error from spreading.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  5. A little difficulty helps learning stick.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  6. Finding the cause leads to the right correction.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  7. Calm reactions reduce fear of failure.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  8. Error, breath, cue and next ball.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

  9. Observe, diagnose, cue and check.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

  10. A short routine helps her move on to the next ball.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

测试 7Motivation参加测试

  1. Intrinsic motivation comes from inside the player.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  2. A reward from outside is extrinsic.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  3. Too many outside rewards can crowd out enjoyment.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  4. Choice, feeling capable and feeling connected keep players engaged.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  5. Small successes build a sense of competence.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  6. A sense of choice strengthens motivation.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  7. Mastery goals focus on personal improvement.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  8. Motivation can come from within or from rewards outside.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

  9. Choose, measure, aim and review.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

  10. Practising alone for the joy of it is intrinsic motivation.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

测试 8Ethics and fair play参加测试

  1. Fair play is a spirit of respect, not only rule-keeping.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  2. Many coaches value owning up over a lucky point.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  3. A player's long-term health outweighs one result.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  4. Every squad member deserves fair treatment.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  5. Respecting privacy keeps the relationship safe.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  6. A coach protects every player's safety and dignity.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  7. Betting creates conflicts of interest.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  8. Notice, stop, talk and follow up.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

  9. Safety comes first, the coach's image last.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

  10. Owning a fault the officials missed is fair play.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

测试 9The reflective coach参加测试

  1. Reflection turns experience into better coaching.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  2. Two questions cover most of a reflection.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  3. Filming herself shows her talk, position and tone.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  4. Another coach notices things she misses.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  5. A journal records lessons over a season.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  6. Players experience the session from the inside.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  7. Small lessons add up to expertise.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  8. Do, describe, analyse and adjust.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

  9. Feedback can come from herself or from others further away.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

  10. Notes straight after practice capture what happened.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

测试 10胜利与成长参加测试

  1. Skills built now pay off for years.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  2. Players who never play miss the chance to learn.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  3. A team controls its own performance, not the other team's.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  4. Performance goals, such as pass rating, are in the team's control.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  5. At the top, results carry more weight.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  6. Low-risk matches are chances to develop.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  7. Process is what players do on each ball.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 记忆

  8. Actions are controllable; titles depend on others too.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

  9. In youth sport enjoyment and learning come before results.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

  10. Playing everyone shows a development aim.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references · 应用

来源

FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II) and general coaching references; original questions authored, nothing reproduced. Numbered FIVB rules belong to the Rules category.

  • FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), general coaching references100