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足球板球五人制足球铁人三项网球高尔夫球花样滑冰篮球排球方法论为何有效参加测试

排球 · 等级3：初中级 · 子等级 3.2

Rotations and Line-ups

10项测试 · 100条事实 · 更新于 2026年10月25日 · markdown

How rotation works, positional order at the serve, the serving order, starting rotations, hiding players in receive, the setter's path and switching, weak rotations, the libero, substitutions and match-ups.

下面每项测试在 Insporta 上都是十道题。测试下方的清单列出这些题考查的内容：每题一条事实，并附所依据的来源。可以先读清单再做测试，答错后也可以回来查看。

测试 1How rotation works参加测试

  1. Rotating clockwise moves the front-right player, position 2, into position 1.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  2. With six players, the team passes through six rotations.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  3. A team rotates only when it wins the serve back from the opponents.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  4. Clockwise, position 1 moves to position 6.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  5. Clockwise, the front-left player moves to the front middle.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  6. As the team rotates, every regular player passes through the serving position.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  7. Rotation moves everyone round the court, which teams undo with switches after the serve.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  8. Clockwise: 2, 1, 6, 5, then 4 and 3.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

  9. Winning the serve back means rotating, then serving.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

  10. B is in position 2, the front right, which moves to position 1 next.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

测试 2Positions at the serve参加测试

  1. Each front-row player must be closer to the centre line than the back-row player behind.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  2. Position 1 is the back-row partner of position 2.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  3. Front row from left to right is 4, 3, 2.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  4. After the service hit, players may move anywhere on their court.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  5. A positional fault gives the point, and the serve, to the opponents.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  6. The server is behind the end line and outside the positional rules.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  7. Positions are judged by the feet in contact with the floor.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  8. Back right 1, back middle 6, back left 5.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

  9. Positions count until the serve is struck.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

  10. D, in position 6, stands closer to the net than C in position 3 in front of her.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

测试 3The serving order参加测试

  1. The first server is the player written in position 1 on the line-up sheet.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  2. The rotation order on the line-up sheet holds for the whole set.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  3. Serving out of order is a rotational fault: point and serve to the opponents.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  4. The team returns to its correct order, and points scored during the fault are cancelled.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  5. The toss winner chooses to serve or receive, or which side to play.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  6. A new toss is held before the deciding set.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  7. The first serve alternates from set to set.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  8. Sheets, positions, the check, then the serve.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

  9. The first serve alternates each set.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

  10. She checks that the players stand as written on the line-up sheet.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

测试 4Starting rotations参加测试

  1. Coaches often number rotations by the setter's position.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  2. With the setter in the back row, all three front-row players can attack.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  3. She is in the front row for three rotations and the back row for three.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  4. Where the setter is decides how many hitters and which plays are available.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  5. In the front row, the setter fills a spot that would hold an attacker.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  6. The starting places decide which players meet across the net.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  7. Three places from the setter in position 1 is position 4.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  8. Clockwise from position 1.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

  9. Scout, plan the match-up, write it down.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

  10. Count the three players at the net: none of them is the setter.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

测试 5Hiding players in serve receive参加测试

  1. A setter who passes cannot also set, so teams keep her out of the passing.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  2. Players may bunch up as long as the front/back and left/right order holds.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  3. Middles usually pass less well, so the libero and outsides take the serves.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  4. Stacking moves non-passers out of the way, close to the net or a side line.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  5. Hiding leaves the passing to the team's best passers.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  6. Hiding is allowed only within the overlap rules.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  7. A short serve can force a hidden player to pass after all.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  8. Plan, hide, check and pass.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

  9. Setters are hidden most; liberos almost never.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

  10. Players bunched near the net are hidden so the passers can take the serve.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

测试 6The setter's path and switching参加测试

  1. Position 5 is the back left, the farthest point from the target on the right.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  2. In the front row, she can wait right next to the target.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  3. The target is near the right side of the net, in front of position 2.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  4. Starting at the left, she moves to the right side to set.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  5. Players have only the flight of the serve to reach their spots.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  6. Hitters move to their favourite attacking side once the ball is served.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  7. Practised switches mean everyone knows where to go.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  8. Positions count until the serve; then players switch.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

  9. Front right is closest; back left farthest.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

  10. Switching after the serve puts each hitter on her favourite side.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

测试 7Strong and weak rotations参加测试

  1. Some rotations put weaker passers or fewer hitters on court together.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  2. Points won and lost in each rotation show where the team struggles.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  3. Winning one rally on the opponents' serve rotates the team out of it.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  4. With the setter in the front row, only two front-row hitters attack.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  5. A strong start puts pressure on the opponents.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  6. A specialist can come on for the weak rotation and go off after.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  7. A team stuck in a weak rotation can lose several points running.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  8. Measure, find, plan and test.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

  9. A time-out, a side-out and the team moves on.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

  10. A time-out can break the run in a weak rotation.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

测试 8The libero and the rotation参加测试

  1. Both middles hand their back-row turns to her.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  2. The libero may not play in the front row, so the middle comes back first.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  3. Under the FIVB rules the libero does not serve, so the middle serves in position 1.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  4. Like substitutions, replacements are made when the ball is dead.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  5. Outside hitters can pass; middles are usually weaker in the back row.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  6. Some coaches use one libero in serve receive and the other in defence.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  7. The assistant scorer keeps track of libero replacements.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  8. Serve, swap with the libero, return for the front row.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

  9. Liberos always; outsides half the time; middles least, replaced by the libero.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

  10. The libero swaps with a middle at the side of the court between rallies.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

测试 9Substitutions and the rotation参加测试

  1. Each team has six substitutions per set.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  2. A substitute takes the place, and the rotation spot, of the player who leaves.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  3. A starter may leave once and return once per set.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  4. Substitute and starter are linked for the set.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  5. When the setter reaches the front row, two subs replace setter and opposite.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  6. After the swap, the setter is at the back and the net has its hitters.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  7. Substitutions happen when the ball is out of play.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  8. Off once, back once, and then they are done.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

  9. Two substitutions keep a back-row setter and three hitters in front.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

  10. A double switch is two substitutions made together.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

测试 10Match-ups参加测试

  1. Match-ups are the pairings of players across the net.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  2. A strong blocker can take away the opponents' best weapon.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  3. A different starting rotation changes the pairings across the net.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  4. The setter's place shapes which hitters are where.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  5. Each rotation moves players, so the pairings change.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  6. In a set to 15, the first servers get the most chances.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  7. A team that repeats its start can be planned for.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 记忆

  8. Observe, plan, choose and hand in.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

  9. Review and rewrite between sets.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

  10. Putting the best blocker against the best hitter is a planned match-up.

    来源：FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references · 应用

来源

FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II) and general coaching references; original questions authored, nothing reproduced. Numbered FIVB rules belong to the Rules category.

  • FIVB Coaches Manual (Levels I-II), FIVB OVR 2025-2028 (Rules 7, 15, 19), general coaching references100