曲棍球 · 等级5:中高级 · 子等级 5.1
深入守门技术
10项测试 · 100条事实 · 更新于 2026年10月31日 · markdown
曲棍球守门员的比赛有自己的规则。根据国际曲联规则10.1,守门员除执行罚点球外,不得参与本方防守的23米区之外的比赛,并且必须始终戴头部防护装备。守门员的大部分防守发生在本方防守的射门区内,有时延伸到23米线,比赛中绝不会超出这条线。在射门区内手持球棍时,守门员可以用球棍和身体(规则10.2);在射门区外,只能用球棍触球(规则10.4)。守门员不得扑压在球上(规则10.3)。
KNHB/SAHA《曲棍球活动指南》提供了技术要领。守门员要判断高球和低球射门,通过出击离线来逼近单刀进攻的队员,这样球门显得更小,并且把球解围到侧面而不是中路,因为短距离的解围会招来补射。防守短角球时,守门员组织防守小组,对准球的路线站位,并出击扑救直接射门,而第一次射门的击球越过时高度不得超过460毫米(规则13.3l)。罚点球时,守门员双脚站在球门线上,在球被击出之前不得移动任何一只脚(规则13.7e)。
下面的内容涵盖守门员的区域、射门区内的球棍和身体、射门区外的比赛、绝不扑压在球上、高球、低球、一对一、用球棍解围、指挥短角球防守,以及面对罚点球。
下面每项测试在 Insporta 上都是十道题。测试下方的清单列出这些题考查的内容:每题一条事实,并附所依据的来源。可以先读清单再做测试,答错后也可以回来查看。
测试 1守门员区域参加测试
守门员不得参与自己所防守的23米区以外的比赛。
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.1 · 记忆
A keeper must stay within their own 23 metres during play. The one exception is stepping up to take a penalty stroke.
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.1 · 记忆
必须始终佩戴头部护具,执行罚点球时除外。
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.1 · 记忆
穿戴护具的守门员应在防守区域内。
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.1 · 记忆
The circle is where shots arrive, so the keeper spends most of the match guarding the goal from inside it.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
迅速出击,在进攻队员触到之前解围直传球。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
Goalkeeping privileges, such as using body and kit, belong to a designated keeper. A team of field players only has none, so all play by field-player rules.
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则13.3f · 记忆
多数在射门区内,有时到23米线,比赛进行中绝不越过。
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.1 · 记忆
The keeper reads the pass, leaves the line early enough to arrive first, then clears wide so the ball does not stay dangerous.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
A keeper who leaves the goal to clear a through ball ahead of the striker is acting as a sweeper, covering the space behind the defence.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 应用
测试 2射门区内的球棍与身体参加测试
Inside the circle a keeper holding a stick may stop the ball with stick, body or kit. Outside it only the stick is allowed.
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.2 · 记忆
The body-use privilege depends on the stick being in hand. Without it the keeper loses these privileges.
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.2 · 记忆
This is a legal save, not an offence, because inside the circle the keeper may use body and kit as well as the stick.
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.2 · 记忆
Padding makes a keeper hard to hurt but heavy to collide with, so using it against other players is dangerous play.
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.2 · 记忆
护脚把球踢开,兼顾距离和方向。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,技术计划 · 记忆
护腿覆盖球门的下部。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
扑救后球落在身前,会给进攻队员第二次射门机会。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,第1阶段 · 记忆
The keeper gets in line with the shot, sets the body, kicks the ball away and so clears it wide of the goal.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,技术计划 · 记忆
Both pads together stop the ball dead and keep it at the keeper's feet. A first-time kick clears it but with less control, and a deflection off the body gives the least.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,技术计划 · 记忆
在射门区内,守门员可以使用身体和装备。
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.2 · 应用
测试 3射门区外参加测试
Beyond the circle the keeper's kit privileges stop, so the ball may only be played with the stick, like any field player.
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.4 · 记忆
在射门区外只能使用球棍。
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.4 · 记忆
离开射门区后,球棍是守门员唯一的工具。
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.4 · 记忆
Beyond the circle the stick is the only tool, so older keepers learn to control and clear the ball with it as well as to kick.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,第1阶段 · 记忆
The 23 is the limit of the keeper's area. Beyond it they may not take part in play at all.
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.1 · 记忆
守门员离开球门,球门就空了。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
守门员回来之前,球门是空的。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
The keeper leaves the circle, reaches the ball, plays it with the stick (kit may not be used out there) and returns to guard the empty goal.
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.4 · 记忆
守门员能去的任何地方都可以用球棍;护具只在射门区内可用。
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.2-10.4 · 记忆
Outside the circle the keeper has no kit privileges, but the stick may be used like any field player's.
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.4 · 应用
测试 4绝不迎球而上参加测试
Smothering the ball stops play, so a keeper may stop, kick or push it away but never hold it down by lying on it.
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.3 · 记忆
压住球会让进攻方失去公平争夺的比赛。
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.3 · 记忆
解围能让比赛合法地继续进行。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
防守队员在射门区内犯规,判短角球或罚点球。
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则12.3-12.4 · 记忆
倒在地上的守门员就退出了比赛。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
站着的守门员恢复最快。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
防守队员保护空门。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
The keeper makes the save on the ground, pushes the ball away, gets up quickly and sets again for the next shot.
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.3 · 记忆
解围是公平的;趴在球上是犯规。
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.3 · 记忆
Lying on the ball smothers play. Inside the circle that gives the attack a penalty corner or a stroke.
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.3 · 应用
测试 5高球参加测试
Older keepers train to react to shots at every height, from ground-level slaps up to drag-flicks at the top of the goal.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,第1阶段 · 记忆
Hand protectors and the stick reach above the pads, so they deal with shots the leg guards cannot cover.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
拖拉拨射的球会飘向球门上部。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
双手准备在身前,覆盖球门上部。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
大角度扑救使球远离进攻队员。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,第1阶段 · 记忆
挥棍动作和身体角度能透露高度的线索。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
The helmet protects the head and face and must be worn throughout play, except to take a stroke.
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.1 · 记忆
The keeper judges how high the shot is, raises the hands, gets in its path or pushes it aside, and sends it wide of the goal.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,第1阶段 · 记忆
地面球、低球、高球。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
A rising shot is met with the hand protector up, because the leg guards only cover the low part of the goal.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,第1阶段 · 应用
测试 6低球参加测试
Pads together in front of the ball give a wide, steady block, the simplest low save for a young keeper to learn.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,技术计划 · 记忆
Clearing to the side moves the ball away from the goal mouth, where a central rebound would give attackers a second shot.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,技术计划 · 记忆
低位球棍扑救可以封住持棍一侧的角落。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
护腿并拢,不留空隙。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
重心前倾,守门员就会向球移动。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
门柱附近的临门折射球几乎没有反应时间。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
A kick to the side takes the ball out of danger, while a central clearance can rebound straight to a waiting attacker.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,技术计划 · 记忆
The keeper sees the low shot, closes the pads so no gap is left, stops the ball and kicks it wide.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,技术计划 · 记忆
护腿在前,先伸出一条腿,再用球棍。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
A stick laid flat and low covers the ground by the post, beyond the reach of the pads.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 应用
测试 7一对一参加测试
Closing down means leaving the line to meet the attacker, which shrinks the goal. The keeper also talks to the defenders around.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,第1阶段 · 记忆
离开球门线向前移动会让球门显得更小。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,六人制 · 记忆
站定的守门员可以向任意一侧反应。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,技术计划 · 记忆
盯住球,而不是假动作。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
冲出来的守门员可能被挑射。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
摊开身体的守门员能把目标区域填满。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
在球与球门的连线上,射门角度最小。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,术语表(角度) · 记忆
The keeper leaves the line, closes the angle to the shooter, sets the body just before the shot and then makes the save.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,第1阶段 · 记忆
尽早站定最好;留在后面则暴露的球门最大。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,六人制 · 记忆
Coming off the line to meet a lone attacker and stopping set shrinks the goal and lets the keeper react either way.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,第1阶段 · 应用
测试 8用球棍解围参加测试
球棍能够到脚够不到的球。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,第1阶段 · 记忆
A clearance into the middle of the circle can fall to an attacker, whereas one to the side lands far from the shooters.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,技术计划 · 记忆
握紧球棍能带来控制力和距离。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
Aiming to the side keeps the ball away from the goal mouth and from the attackers waiting in front of it.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,技术计划 · 记忆
除非有危险,队员可以在任何高度处理球。
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则9.7 · 记忆
在射门区之外只能使用球棍。
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.4 · 记忆
短距离解围会招来二次射门。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,第1阶段 · 记忆
The keeper sees the wide ball, reaches for it with the stick, strikes it away to the side and then recovers position.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,第1阶段 · 记忆
A hard clearance to the side travels furthest from goal. A soft one can be caught up, and one into the middle is the most dangerous.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,技术计划 · 记忆
The stick reaches balls the keeper cannot get to with the feet, so a stretched stick clears a wide ball out of the circle.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,第1阶段 · 应用
测试 9指挥角球防守参加测试
Standing in line with the ball means the keeper covers the straight shot before anything else.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,守门员 · 记忆
The post player has a set job beside the post, which covers that side of the goal and leaves the keeper free to deal with the shot.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,门柱队员 · 记忆
Stepping out of the cage lets the keeper meet direct shots earlier, which narrows the shooting angle.
来源:NFHCA, Penalty Corners: Positions and Basic Tactics (2022),防守短角球 · 记忆
第二、第三波防守队员把从护腿上弹出的球解围。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,第二波和第三波 · 记忆
守门员组织防守阵型。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,防守短角球 · 记忆
第一次射门的击球过线高度不得超过460毫米。
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则13.3l · 记忆
向前一步,射门角度就会变窄。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,术语表(角度) · 记忆
The keeper first calls out the defenders' jobs, lines up with the ball, steps out as the ball is stopped and then makes the save.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,防守短角球 · 记忆
The keeper is in goal, the post player is beside the keeper at the post, and the flyer is the runner furthest out.
来源:NFHCA, Penalty Corners: Positions and Basic Tactics (2022),防守短角球 · 记忆
A keeper in line with a stopped ball and a post player beside is the defensive set-up for a penalty corner.
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,守门员 · 应用
测试 10面对罚点球参加测试
At a stroke the keeper must start on the goal-line, which fixes where the one-against-one begins.
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则13.7e · 记忆
The keeper cannot leave the line or move a foot before the ball is played, so they cannot narrow the angle early.
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则13.7e · 记忆
Clearing everyone else out of the 23 leaves only the taker and the keeper, a pure one-on-one.
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则13.7b · 记忆
The penalty spot is 6.4 metres from the goal-line, in front of the centre of the goal.
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则13.7c · 记忆
防守罚点球的场上队员只能戴面罩作为防护。
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则13.7f · 记忆
The taker stands behind the ball, close enough to play it, and waits for the whistle.
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则13.7d · 记忆
罚球者往往偏爱某一侧。
来源:KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆
The 23 is cleared of players, the ball is placed on the spot, the whistle starts the stroke, then the shot and the save follow.
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则13.7 · 记忆
The keeper stands with both feet on the line, watches the ball, moves only once it is played and then makes the save.
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则13.7e · 记忆
One taker at the spot facing a keeper on the line, with everyone else outside the 23, is the set-up for a penalty stroke.
来源:FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则13.7 · 应用
常见问题
- 守门员可以离球门多远处比赛?
- 守门员除执行罚点球外,不得参与本方防守的23米区之外的比赛(规则10.1)。大部分防守发生在射门区内,有时延伸到23米线,比赛中绝不会超出这条线。
- 守门员什么时候可以使用身体和装备?
- 在射门区内手持球棍时,守门员可以用球棍和身体(规则10.2)。在射门区外,只能用球棍触球(规则10.4)。
- 守门员可以扑压在球上吗?
- 不可以。守门员不得扑压在球上(规则10.3)。把球解围出去是公平的,也能让比赛合法地继续进行,而把球压住则剥夺了进攻方公平对抗的机会。
- 为什么守门员要把球解围到射门区的侧面?
- KNHB/SAHA指南说要把球解围到侧面,而不是中路,大力且远离中路最安全。短距离的解围会招来补射。
- 防守短角球时守门员做什么?
- 守门员组织防守小组,并立即对准球的直线路线站位。守门员出击离开球门去扑救直接射门,这是NFHCA对防守短角球的描述。
- 面对单刀进攻的队员,守门员怎样让球门显得更小?
- 通过出击离线,缩小射门角度。球与球门连线上的角度最窄,早点站定最好,因为留在后面等于把更大的球门让出来。
- 面对罚点球时守门员必须做什么?
- 双脚站在球门线上,在球被击出之前不得离开球门线或移动任何一只脚(规则13.7e)。防守罚点球的场上队员只能戴面罩作为护具(规则13.7f)。
来源
KNHB/SAHA《曲棍球活动指南》、美国曲棍球协会“曲棍球入门101”、NFHCA 资料、国际曲联的历史资料和官方成绩;题目均为原创,未复制任何内容。带编号的规则归入规则类别(曲棍球——曲棍球规则)。
- KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide27
- KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,第1阶段13
- KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,技术计划11
- FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.17
- FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.46
- FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.25
- FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.35
- FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则13.7e3
- KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,六人制2
- KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,术语表(角度)2
- KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,守门员2
- NFHCA, Penalty Corners: Positions and Basic Tactics (2022),防守短角球2
- KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,防守短角球2
- FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则13.72
- FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则13.3f1
- FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则10.2-10.41
- FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则12.3-12.41
- FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则9.71
- KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,门柱队员1
- KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide,第二波和第三波1
- FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则13.3l1
- FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则13.7b1
- FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则13.7c1
- FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则13.7f1
- FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view),规则13.7d1