Talking Volleyball

A service error is a serve that fails: into the net, out of the court or another fault.

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Serve receive is the receiving team's job of passing the serve to the setter.

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A short serve falls in front of the receivers, close to the net.

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Tough serving takes risk to make the opponents' pass difficult.

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A serve that touches the net and goes over is played on; only one that stays on the server's side is a fault.

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Many servers bounce the ball and breathe the same way each time to stay calm and consistent.

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The server jumps but hits the ball without spin, so it still floats and wobbles.

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The underhand serve is gentlest; the jump topspin serve is the fastest of all.

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Get the ball, prepare, wait for the whistle, then toss and hit.

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The gap between two receivers is the seam; serving into it causes doubt about who takes it.

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A perfect pass reaches the setter's target spot, so every attack option is open.

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A shank is a mishit pass that sprays off the arms, often out of the court.

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The first touch is usually a pass from a serve or a dig from an attack.

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A free ball is an easy return without an attack, so the team gets ready to build its own attack.

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A down ball is attacked from the ground, without a jump, so it comes over more slowly.

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Off the net means the pass is a few metres back, which makes the set harder.

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A tight pass arrives very close to the net, where the opponents' blockers can reach it.

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On target is best, a pass off target is playable, a shank usually loses the point.

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A call, quick positioning, a pass to the setter and an attack.

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A pass that goes straight over the net gives the opponents an easy ball.

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A quick goes just above the net to a middle hitter who is already in the air.

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A bump set uses a forearm pass to set, when an overhead set is not possible.

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Instead of setting, the setter sends the second touch over, often with a soft tip.

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Setting from a jump makes the set quicker and lets the setter threaten to attack.

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When the pass is poor, the setter often sends a high, safe set to the outside.

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A shoot set travels low and fast along the net to a hitter at the antenna.

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Like a quarterback, the setter decides which hitter gets each ball.

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Quick sets barely clear the net; shoot sets are flat; high balls go well above it.

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The dump looks like a set until the last moment, then drops into open court.

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Setting backwards over the head to the right side is a back set.

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A kill is an attack that ends the rally in the attacking team's favour.

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The hitter aims at a blocker's hands so the ball deflects off them and out of the court.

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The hitter swings slowly and rolls the ball over the block with topspin into open court.

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Taking pace off the attack catches defenders who expect a hard hit.

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A cross-court attack travels diagonally across the opponents' court.

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In a pipe, a back-row player attacks from behind the attack line in the middle of the court.

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The middle hitter runs behind the setter and takes off from one foot, like a lay-up.

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A tip is a touch, a roll shot a slow swing, a spike a full hit.

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Aim at the outside hand, glance the ball off it and send it out.

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A line shot goes straight down the side line, as path A does.

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A stuff sends the attack straight back down for a point.

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Good blockers press their hands over the net into the opponents' space.

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The second blocker joins the first so the ball cannot pass between their hands.

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Blockers watch the setter's body and the ball to judge where the set will go.

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Blockers may touch it and the team still has three hits left to play.

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A commit blocker jumps with a chosen hitter, often the middle, whatever the set.

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Like a hitter's approach, a swing block uses a run and arm swing to jump higher.

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Short moves use a step-close, longer ones a crossover, the longest a run.

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A closed block sends the attack straight back down on the attackers' side.

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A joust is a fight for the ball above the net between two opposing players.

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Base is where defenders wait before they read the attack and move.

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Attacks aimed at the seam make two defenders hesitate.

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In a sprawl the defender stretches out flat on the floor to reach a low ball.

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Collapsing lets a defender go straight down to play a ball that is hit at the feet.

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One defender stays close behind the block to pick up tips and roll shots.

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An out call warns the player not to touch a ball that will land out.

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Hustle is effort: going after balls that look lost.

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Leave base, read, be still at contact, then dig.

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Cover keeps a blocked ball alive for another attack.

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Team-mates cover the hitter, ready to dig a ball that comes back off the block.

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Three players are in the front row and three in the back row.

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As the team rotates, it passes through six line-ups, called rotations.

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The opposite stands opposite the setter in the line-up, usually attacking from the right.

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Middles block in the centre and hit quick sets.

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Outside hitters attack from the left side and also pass serves.

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A DS is a back-row substitute who comes on to pass and defend.

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The starting six are on court for the first serve of a set.

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Positions run 1 back right, 2 front right, 3 front middle, 4 front left.

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Squad, starting six, line-up sheet, then play.

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Position 1 is back right, the spot the server rotates into.

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Momentum is the feeling of a team on a run, often broken by a time-out.

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A sub replaces a player on court.

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Calling balls and encouraging each other keeps a team organised.

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A game plan sets out how to serve, block and attack against one opponent.

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Scouting means watching and analysing opponents to prepare a plan.

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A team can challenge a call and have it checked on video.

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Assistants help with tactics, statistics and practice.

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Request, huddle, instructions, back to play.

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Scouting leads to a game plan that is shared before the match.

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A short huddle with the coach during a set is a time-out.

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A six-pack is a spike that hits a defender in the face.

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Each player thinks the other will take it, and the ball drops between them.

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Several players stand around the ball as it falls, like people round a campfire.

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A hitter who is roofed sees the attack come straight down off the block.

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A kong is a block made with one arm, usually when the blocker is late.

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A chicken wing pops the ball up off a bent arm when there is no time for a proper pass.

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An ugly win is a win in a poor performance, still worth the points.

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Doubt between two players leaves the ball to fall.

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A roof scores, a soft block keeps the ball alive, a miss lets it through.

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The sky ball is a very high underhand serve, made famous on the beach.

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An assist is credited, mostly to the setter, for a set that a team-mate kills.

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Hitting efficiency is (kills - errors) / attempts.

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A player's points are kills plus stuff blocks plus aces.

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(10 - 2) / 20 = 0.400.

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Reception figures show how many serves a player passed and how well.

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The setter sets most balls, so most assists go to the setter.

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When two or three players stuff a ball together, each gets a block assist.

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A higher figure means more kills and fewer errors per attempt.

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Kills minus errors, then divided by the attempts.

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Teams use statisticians who log every touch for the coaches.

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