Boisko, piłka i wyposażenie

The centre line lies under the net and divides the court into the two teams' halves.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · wiedza

The attack line is 3 metres from the centre line, marking off the front zone.

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The back zone runs from the attack line to the end line; the back-row players defend it.

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The serve is made from the service zone behind the end line.

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Players may run into the free zone to play a ball, so it must be clear of obstacles.

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Two side lines mark the length of the court, two end lines its width.

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Substitutions take place in front of the scorer's table, between the extended attack lines.

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From the net: centre line, attack line 3 m away, end line 9 m away.

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Near the net is attacking ground; the back is for defence; the serve comes from outside the court.

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The front zone is the strip between the net and the attack line.

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The men's net is 2.43 m high; the women's is 2.24 m.

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The two antennae stand above the net at its ends, striped red and white.

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The ball has to cross the net between the antennae.

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The net is a black mesh of 10 cm squares with white bands along the top and bottom.

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The posts stand outside the court so that players do not run into them on court.

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A cable through the top band is tightened to the posts so the net stays taut.

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The net is about 10 m long, a little wider than the 9 m court.

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The mesh hangs between the bottom and top bands; the antennae rise 80 cm above the net.

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Posts first, then the net, then the antennae, and last the height check.

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Posts are padded so that players chasing a ball are not hurt if they collide with them.

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A volleyball is round, 65-67 cm round, clearly smaller than a basketball.

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A match ball weighs between 260 and 280 g.

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Coloured panels make a fast ball easier for players, officials and viewers to track.

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An inner bladder holds the air; the cover goes around it.

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A ball without enough air is flat: it feels soft and dead off the arms.

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Too much pressure makes the ball hard and fast, which hurts and is hard to control.

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The ball is struck, not dribbled, so a light ball is kinder to the arms and hands.

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A tennis ball is smallest, a volleyball in the middle, a basketball largest.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · zastosowanie

About 270 g for a volleyball, about 430 g for a football, about 600 g for a basketball.

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A pressure gauge in the valve shows whether the ball is pumped to the right level.

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Top balls use a synthetic leather cover, soft to the touch and hard-wearing.

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A textured surface gives the hands more grip and helps the ball fly more steadily.

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Beach balls are usually stitched, which stands up well to sand and water.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · wiedza

Water and grit damage an indoor cover and make the ball heavy and slippery.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · wiedza

Panels shaped and joined around the bladder keep the ball round and give it grip.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · wiedza

Padded covers soften the contact, so beginners can practise without sore arms.

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Rubber balls stand up to wet grass, concrete and rain better than match balls.

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The air sits in the bladder, wrapped in a fabric layer under the outer panels.

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Beginner balls are softest, beach balls a little firmer, indoor match balls firmest.

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The valve is the small hole in one panel where the needle of the pump goes in.

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Indoor court shoes have gum-rubber soles that grip the floor for quick stops and jumps.

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Running shoes are built for moving forward and give less support for quick sideways moves.

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A firmly laced shoe holds the foot steady through jumps, landings and sudden stops.

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Grit and rough ground wear the soft soles and carry dirt that makes them slip indoors.

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A higher shoe gives the ankle a little more support when landing near other feet.

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Wiping the soles restores grip that dust and sweat on the floor have taken away.

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The squeak is the rubber gripping and sliding a little on the smooth floor.

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Court shoes grip best, running shoes less, smooth leather soles hardly at all.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · zastosowanie

Get the right fit, break the shoes in at practice, then trust them in a match.

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Landing on the balls of the feet and bending the knees softens the landing.

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Each player wears the team shirt with a number on the front and back.

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Numbers let the referees and scorer follow who serves, rotates and substitutes.

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The libero's contrasting shirt lets officials follow the libero's special role at a glance.

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Matching kit lets everyone see at once which team a player belongs to.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · wiedza

Light shorts leave the legs free for jumping and diving.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · wiedza

Light, close-fitting fabric moves with the body and lets sweat dry.

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Rings, chains and similar items can injure the wearer or others, so they come off.

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A base layer, the shirt, and a top that comes off before the match.

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Head, upper body, shorts, knees and feet.

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The captain's shirt has a stripe under the number on the chest.

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Players drop to the floor often to play low balls, and pads cushion the knees.

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Defenders and the libero dig and dive the most.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · wiedza

Taping two fingers together or wrapping one supports a jammed finger.

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A brace steadies an ankle that has been sprained, or helps prevent a sprain.

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A loose pad slips down and leaves the knee bare at the moment it hits the floor.

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Arm sleeves help against floor burns and soften the sting of hard passes.

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A proper warm-up prepares the muscles and joints for jumps, dives and quick moves.

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Stop, cool it down, have it examined, and come back only when it is healed.

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Socks go on first, then the knee pads, then the shoes.

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Landing on another player's foot under the net is the most common way to sprain an ankle.

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A cart keeps dozens of balls close at hand, so drills run without stopping.

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A sprung rebounder bounces the ball back, so a player can practise passing alone.

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Targets turn serving into aiming at chosen areas of the court.

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With the ball held still at hitting height, a player can repeat the attacking swing.

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A target the size of a hoop makes the setter put the ball in one exact place.

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A whistle starts and ends drills and calls the group together.

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Video lets players see their own technique and the coach point out details.

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The net and targets first, balls ready, then the serving begins.

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From the simplest control to the full skill with a real set.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · zastosowanie

From a box a coach can hit balls down over the net, as a real attack would come.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · zastosowanie

A beach ball is a little larger, 66-68 cm round against 65-67 cm indoors.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · wiedza

A softer ball is slower and easier to handle in the wind and sun of the beach.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · wiedza

Outdoor balls must stay light and grippy when wet.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · wiedza

Both kinds weigh between about 260 and 280 g.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · wiedza

Bright colours are easier to see outdoors against the sand and the sky.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · wiedza

Snow volleyball uses a water-resistant outdoor ball, as the beach game does.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · wiedza

Higher pressure and a slightly smaller size make the indoor ball quicker.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · wiedza

Soft balls for beginners, a softer ball on the beach, the firmest indoors.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · zastosowanie

Check, pump to the right level, then try the ball.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · zastosowanie

The beach ball is pumped softer, so it gives more under the same press.

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A drop of water or glycerine lets the needle slide in without tearing the valve.

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A ball that will not hold air has a damaged valve or bladder.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · wiedza

Weight or kicks can bend the panels and spoil the ball's round shape.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · wiedza

A damp cloth removes dirt without soaking the cover; then it is dried at room temperature.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · wiedza

Every ball leaks a little, so a quick check keeps it at the right pressure.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · wiedza

Too much pressure strains the seams and the bladder.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · wiedza

Saving the best balls for matches keeps them consistent for the games that count.

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Wet the needle, insert it carefully, pump gradually and finish with a gauge check.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · zastosowanie

Gather, wipe, pack and store the balls in a cool, dry place.

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Heat changes the pressure and dries out the cover; balls should be stored cool and dry.

Źródło: General volleyball reference · zastosowanie