Field Hockey
Livello 9: Maestro
Level 9 is history: ancient stick-and-ball games, the birth of modern hockey, the FIH and the IFWHA, India's golden era, and the move from grass to turf.
Sottolivello 9.1Ancient Stick-and-Ball GamesBefore modern hockey: stick-and-ball games in ancient Egypt and Greece, in Asia and the Americas, Ireland's hurling and Scotland's shinty, where the word 'hockey' may come from, bandy and the ice, games in English…10 test · 100 fattiSottolivello 9.2Modern Hockey Is BornHow the modern game took shape in Victorian Britain: Blackheath and Teddington, the ball and the striking circle, the Hockey Association of 1886, the first international and the rules board, the first women's clubs…10 test · 100 fattiSottolivello 9.3The FIH and the IFWHAHow hockey got its world bodies: the FIH's founding in Paris in 1924 and its seven founders, the women's IFWHA of 1927, women's hockey before titles, the rival championships of the 1970s, the 1982 merger, the first…10 test · 100 fattiSottolivello 9.4India's Golden EraHow India became hockey's first great power: the Calcutta clubs and early tournaments, the 1920s tours, Amsterdam, Los Angeles and Berlin, partition and Pakistan, Tokyo 1964, the 1975 World Cup, Moscow 1980 and the…10 test · 100 fattiSottolivello 9.5From Grass to TurfHow the modern game changed: hockey on grass, the first synthetic pitches and the 1976 Olympics, water-based turf, the modern stick, new turf skills, the end of offside, the self-pass, quarters and the clock, and…10 test · 100 fatti