观赛与打球

The ball is out when it passes completely over the side-line or back-line.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 7.1 · 记忆

Play restarts with a player of the team that was not the last to touch the ball.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 7.2 · 记忆

The restart is where the ball crossed the side-line, as for a free hit.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 7.3 · 记忆

Defenders restart up to 15 metres from the back-line, in line with where it crossed.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 7.4a · 记忆

An accident by the defence gives the attackers the ball back on the 23-metres line.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 7.4b · 记忆

Intentionally playing the ball over the back-line gives a penalty corner.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 7.4c · 记忆

Umpires blow the whistle when necessary to show that the ball is out of play.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 11.6b · 记忆

Out, signal, ball placed up to 15 metres out, free hit.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 7.4a · 应用

Up to 15 metres out, then the 23-metres line, then the centre of the field.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 7.4 · 记忆

Dark 6 touched it last, so the light team restarts where it crossed the line.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 7.2 · 应用

Tournaments often start with pools in which every team meets every other.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

FIH events award three points for a win and one for a draw.

来源：FIH, The history of FIH & hockey · 记忆

A drawn pool match is worth one point to each team.

来源：FIH, The history of FIH & hockey · 记忆

The best teams in the pools go through to knockout matches.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

The attacker starts on the 23-metres line, facing the goalkeeper.

来源：FIH, The history of FIH & hockey · 记忆

Each one-on-one lasts up to 8 seconds.

来源：FIH, The history of FIH & hockey · 记忆

Each team names five takers; sudden death follows if it is still level.

来源：FIH, The history of FIH & hockey · 记忆

Pools first, then knockouts down to the final.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

Line, whistle, run at goal, shot within 8 seconds.

来源：FIH, The history of FIH & hockey · 记忆

A run from the 23 at the goalkeeper, with 8 seconds to score, is a shoot-out.

来源：FIH, The history of FIH & hockey · 应用

Each umpire has primary responsibility for decisions in one half of the field.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 11.2 · 记忆

Umpires record goals scored and suspension cards used.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 11.4 · 记忆

Whistles start and end each quarter, among other uses.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 11.6a · 记忆

Umpires must not coach during a match.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 11.7 · 记忆

Play continues unless one team is disadvantaged; then a bully restarts it.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 11.8 · 记忆

When a team is disadvantaged, play restarts with a bully.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 11.8 · 记忆

A dedicated timekeeper may time the match and suspensions.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 11.6 · 记忆

Stop time, show the card, record it, restart.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 11.6k · 记忆

Start, control play in their half, end.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 11.6a · 记忆

The field is split between them, so each stands where they lead decisions.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 11.2 · 应用

A warm-up prepares the muscles and the mind for play.

来源：KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Training Principles · 记忆

Start easy and build up to match speed.

来源：KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Training Principles · 记忆

The warm-up ends close to match speed.

来源：KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Training Principles · 记忆

Warm-up shots help the goalkeeper find timing.

来源：KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆

Easy jogging and stretching help recovery.

来源：KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Training Principles · 记忆

Water keeps players hydrated in the heat.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

Passing and receiving in the warm-up sharpens touch before the match.

来源：KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆

Easy, mobile, skills, then speed.

来源：KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Training Principles · 记忆

Slow down step by step, stretch, refuel.

来源：KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Training Principles · 记忆

Passing in pairs is part of the warm-up.

来源：KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Training Principles · 应用

Players are expected to act fairly and responsibly; dissent can be penalised.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 9.1 · 记忆

Fair play means caring for opponents.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

Captains are responsible for the behaviour of all the players.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 3.4 · 记忆

Handshakes after the match show respect.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

Dissent and bad behaviour can be punished with a card.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 14.1 · 记忆

Encouragement keeps a team together.

来源：KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆

Players keep playing until they hear the whistle, whatever they think of the incident.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

Whistle, handshakes, thanks, cool-down.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

Calm, accept, refocus, discuss later.

来源：General field hockey reference · 应用

Teams shake hands after the final whistle.

来源：General field hockey reference · 应用

Clubs train in the week and play matches at the weekend.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

Coaches plan and lead training.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

The guide's training principles finish with a cool-down.

来源：KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Training Principles · 记忆

Home matches are played at your own ground; away matches at the opponents'.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

Clubs usually charge a membership or subscription fee.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

Teams wear matching club clothing.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 4.1 · 记忆

Small groups mean more touches and more learning.

来源：KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆

Find, try, join, play.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

Warm up, practise, play, cool down.

来源：KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide, Training Principles · 记忆

The coach explains the drill before the players try it.

来源：KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 应用

USA Field Hockey: more than 1,800 high schools.

来源：USA Field Hockey, Field Hockey 101 (2025) · 记忆

Approximately 300 colleges and universities.

来源：USA Field Hockey, Field Hockey 101 (2025) · 记忆

NCAA and NFHS make slight rule modifications for their levels.

来源：USA Field Hockey, Field Hockey 101 (2025) · 记忆

Outdoor 11v11 is the school format.

来源：USA Field Hockey, Field Hockey 101 (2025) · 记忆

Varsity is the top team of a school or college; junior varsity is the next one.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

More than 50,000 female athletes play in high schools.

来源：USA Field Hockey, Field Hockey 101 (2025) · 记忆

USA Field Hockey sells beginner kit including the oversized GO Ball.

来源：USA Field Hockey, Field Hockey 101 (2025) · 记忆

Youth, high school, college, then adult and Masters.

来源：USA Field Hockey, Field Hockey 101 (2025) · 记忆

Middle school, high school, college.

来源：USA Field Hockey, Field Hockey 101 (2025) · 记忆

Outdoor hockey is played on synthetic turf and on grass.

来源：USA Field Hockey, Field Hockey 101 (2025) · 记忆

A worn or loose grip can let the stick fly out of the hands and hurt someone.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

Loose balls underfoot cause falls and sprains.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

Lightning is a reason to stop and get off the field.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

Head knocks must be checked before a player goes on.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

The coach checks the field and kit before play.

来源：KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆

Kit is kept clear so no one falls over it.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

An injured or bleeding player must leave the field.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 2.7 · 记忆

Field, sticks, kit, warm-up.

来源：KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆

Stop, help, off, restart.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 2.7 · 记忆

Balls left lying in the playing area can trip players.

来源：General field hockey reference · 应用

Spectators stay off the field of play.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

Positive cheering supports the players without confusing them.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

Hard balls leaving the field can injure people.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

Umpires control the match and are the judges of fair play.

来源：FIH Rules of Hockey 2027 (player's view), Rule 11.1 · 记忆

Fans celebrate from their places.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

Watching the ball is the best way to stay safe and follow play.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

Mixed instructions confuse young players.

来源：KNHB/SAHA Field Hockey Activity Guide · 记忆

Seat, warm-up, match, applause.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

The further from the back-line, the safer.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

People watching from the stand are spectators.

来源：General field hockey reference · 应用

Hockey is fast; replays show deflections and touches the eye misses.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

At top events, teams may refer some decisions to a video umpire.

来源：FIH, The history of FIH & hockey · 记忆

The FIH Hockey Pro League plays home and away matches.

来源：FIH, The history of FIH & hockey · 记忆

Commentators explain what happens on the field.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

Cameras behind the goal show the angle of shots and deflections.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

Broadcasts show the quarter and the clock.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

Highlights show goals, saves and key moments.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

Ask, pass on, check, decide.

来源：FIH, The history of FIH & hockey · 记忆

Build-up, live play, best moments, reactions.

来源：General field hockey reference · 记忆

The screen shows a shot going into the goal.

来源：General field hockey reference · 应用