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Badminton · Curiosità

Capitolo 1: Storia e origini

10 test · 100 fatti · aggiornato il 29 ottobre 2026 · markdown

Battledore in old paintings, the association's first years, the hourglass court, the early All England and its homes, two-sport champions, the Gazette and the wars, the first overseas champions, badminton in North America and where the words come from.

1.11Battledore in Paintings

Girls, princes and a queen with battledore and shuttlecock, from 1632 to William Blake.

Test 1Battledore in paintingsFai un test

  1. It was shown at the Paris Salon of 1737 beside his 'House of Cards'.

    Fonte: Collection records of the Galleria degli Uffizi, Statens Museum for Kunst, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Yale Center for British Art, Walters Art Museum, Pushkin Museum and Staatliches Museum Schwerin · richiamo

  2. Seven coloured feathers are set in a cork base, and the racket is strung with gut.

    Fonte: Collection records of the Galleria degli Uffizi, Statens Museum for Kunst, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Yale Center for British Art, Walters Art Museum, Pushkin Museum and Staatliches Museum Schwerin · richiamo

  3. She became queen that same year, at the age of six.

    Fonte: Collection records of the Galleria degli Uffizi, Statens Museum for Kunst, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Yale Center for British Art, Walters Art Museum, Pushkin Museum and Staatliches Museum Schwerin · richiamo

  4. The poem never mentions the game; the girl at the left plays it.

    Fonte: Collection records of the Galleria degli Uffizi, Statens Museum for Kunst, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Yale Center for British Art, Walters Art Museum, Pushkin Museum and Staatliches Museum Schwerin · richiamo

  5. Princess Louise-Marie holds the battledore; her brother the Dauphin flies a kite.

    Fonte: Collection records of the Galleria degli Uffizi, Statens Museum for Kunst, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Yale Center for British Art, Walters Art Museum, Pushkin Museum and Staatliches Museum Schwerin · richiamo

  6. The children play battledore, keeping the shuttle up, with no net between them.

    Fonte: Collection records of the Galleria degli Uffizi, Statens Museum for Kunst, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Yale Center for British Art, Walters Art Museum, Pushkin Museum and Staatliches Museum Schwerin · richiamo

  7. The portrait of Kenneth Dixon is in the Statens Museum for Kunst.

    Fonte: Collection records of the Galleria degli Uffizi, Statens Museum for Kunst, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Yale Center for British Art, Walters Art Museum, Pushkin Museum and Staatliches Museum Schwerin · richiamo

  8. 1632, 1737, 1761-62, 1794.

    Fonte: Collection records of the Galleria degli Uffizi, Statens Museum for Kunst, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Yale Center for British Art, Walters Art Museum, Pushkin Museum and Staatliches Museum Schwerin · richiamo

  9. Matthieu 1764, Williams about 1770-75, Barney 1788.

    Fonte: Collection records of the Galleria degli Uffizi, Statens Museum for Kunst, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Yale Center for British Art, Walters Art Museum, Pushkin Museum and Staatliches Museum Schwerin · richiamo

  10. It entered the Uffizi collections in 1951.

    Fonte: Collection records of the Galleria degli Uffizi, Statens Museum for Kunst, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Yale Center for British Art, Walters Art Museum, Pushkin Museum and Staatliches Museum Schwerin · applicazione

1.12The Association's First Years

How nine clubs in Southsea founded the Badminton Association, and what it did next.

Test 1The Badminton Association's first yearsFai un test

  1. The meeting was at Dunbar, Waverley Grove, Southsea, on 13 September 1893.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Badminton England - The History of The Association' (badmintonmuseum.co.uk) · richiamo

  2. Most of the early clubs were in the south of England.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Badminton England - The History of The Association' (badmintonmuseum.co.uk) · richiamo

  3. He was Hon. Secretary of the Southsea club and President from 1893 to 1898.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Badminton England - The History of The Association' (badmintonmuseum.co.uk) · richiamo

  4. England won 5-2.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Badminton England - The History of The Association' (badmintonmuseum.co.uk) · richiamo

  5. The annual series with Scotland followed from 1921-22.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Badminton England - The History of The Association' (badmintonmuseum.co.uk) · richiamo

  6. By 1930 there were 30 counties in seven groups.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Badminton England - The History of The Association' (badmintonmuseum.co.uk) · richiamo

  7. The event had grown fast in under ten years.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Badminton England - The History of The Association' (badmintonmuseum.co.uk) · richiamo

  8. 1893, 1899, 1911, 1928.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Badminton England - The History of The Association' (badmintonmuseum.co.uk) · richiamo

  9. Renamed in 1934, when the IBF took over world governance, and again in 2005.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Badminton England - The History of The Association' (badmintonmuseum.co.uk) · richiamo

  10. Major Dolby, its Hon. Secretary, called the meeting for 2 p.m.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Badminton England - The History of The Association' (badmintonmuseum.co.uk) · applicazione

1.13The Hourglass Court

Courts that narrowed at the net, iron rods above the posts and games for eight.

Test 1The hourglass court and early lawsFai un test

  1. Clubs called it the waisted court.

    Fonte: Badminton Association meeting of 12 April 1901, as recorded by the Badminton Museum and the Japan University of Economics history paper; worldbadminton.com, 'History of the Laws of Badminton' · richiamo

  2. Several clubs had asked for it a year earlier and lost.

    Fonte: Badminton Association meeting of 12 April 1901, as recorded by the Badminton Museum and the Japan University of Economics history paper; worldbadminton.com, 'History of the Laws of Badminton' · richiamo

  3. He came from the Southsea Badminton Club.

    Fonte: Badminton Association meeting of 12 April 1901, as recorded by the Badminton Museum and the Japan University of Economics history paper; worldbadminton.com, 'History of the Laws of Badminton' · richiamo

  4. Judging the rods' line was hard for umpires and players alike.

    Fonte: Badminton Association meeting of 12 April 1901, as recorded by the Badminton Museum and the Japan University of Economics history paper; worldbadminton.com, 'History of the Laws of Badminton' · richiamo

  5. Until then, three or four players a side was allowed.

    Fonte: Badminton Association meeting of 12 April 1901, as recorded by the Badminton Museum and the Japan University of Economics history paper; worldbadminton.com, 'History of the Laws of Badminton' · richiamo

  6. Other games stayed at 15.

    Fonte: Badminton Association meeting of 12 April 1901, as recorded by the Badminton Museum and the Japan University of Economics history paper; worldbadminton.com, 'History of the Laws of Badminton' · richiamo

  7. The rules came from one of the oldest clubs.

    Fonte: Badminton Association meeting of 12 April 1901, as recorded by the Badminton Museum and the Japan University of Economics history paper; worldbadminton.com, 'History of the Laws of Badminton' · richiamo

  8. 1901, 1907, 1950, 1963.

    Fonte: Badminton Association meeting of 12 April 1901, as recorded by the Badminton Museum and the Japan University of Economics history paper; worldbadminton.com, 'History of the Laws of Badminton' · richiamo

  9. 1962, 1992, 1998.

    Fonte: Badminton Association meeting of 12 April 1901, as recorded by the Badminton Museum and the Japan University of Economics history paper; worldbadminton.com, 'History of the Laws of Badminton' · richiamo

  10. The rectangle of 44 by 20 feet is still the court today.

    Fonte: Badminton Association meeting of 12 April 1901, as recorded by the Badminton Museum and the Japan University of Economics history paper; worldbadminton.com, 'History of the Laws of Badminton' · applicazione

1.14The Early All England

Guildford's open tournament, a drill hall in Westminster, two guineas and a final stopped by the dark.

Test 1The early All England ChampionshipsFai un test

  1. It was a one-day doubles event in Guildford's Drill Hall.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  2. It stood in Buckingham Gate, Westminster.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  3. Thirteen women's pairs, fourteen men's pairs and 25 mixed pairs.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  4. It was a one-day event on four courts.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  5. It finished just after 7.30 in the evening.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  6. Sidney Howard Smith won the first men's singles the same year.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  7. It was finished four days later.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  8. 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  9. 1902, 1910, 1922 (Frank Devlin), 1932.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  10. Runners-up got one guinea; winners also held a challenge trophy.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · applicazione

1.15The All England's Homes

From a drill hall to Crystal Palace, Wembley and Birmingham.

Test 1The All England's homesFai un test

  1. It was not central enough, so the event moved on.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  2. In 1903 they moved to the London Rifle Brigade's hall near Moorgate.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  3. It held the event for thirty years.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  4. It hosted the first post-war championships in 1947 instead.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  5. They stayed 37 years.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  6. Wembley followed it in 1957.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  7. COVID-19 kept spectators away.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  8. 1899, 1902, 1910, 1947, 1957.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  9. 1999, 2010 and 2024: the wars cost the event several years, so the 100th came after the centenary.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  10. After 37 years at Wembley the event moved to Birmingham.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · applicazione

1.16Champions in Two Sports

All England champions who also won Wimbledon.

Test 1Champions in two sportsFai un test

  1. She won it three years running, 1920-22, and again in 1924.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Kitty Godfree' and 'The First Ever All-England Badminton Men's Singles Champion'; Wimbledon champions archive (AELTC); Olympedia · richiamo

  2. Singles, doubles with her sister, and mixed with Frank Devlin.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Kitty Godfree' and 'The First Ever All-England Badminton Men's Singles Champion'; Wimbledon champions archive (AELTC); Olympedia · richiamo

  3. They are the only married couple to win Wimbledon mixed doubles.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Kitty Godfree' and 'The First Ever All-England Badminton Men's Singles Champion'; Wimbledon champions archive (AELTC); Olympedia · richiamo

  4. The trip was about 600 miles.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Kitty Godfree' and 'The First Ever All-England Badminton Men's Singles Champion'; Wimbledon champions archive (AELTC); Olympedia · richiamo

  5. She won it in 1912 as Ethel Larcombe.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Kitty Godfree' and 'The First Ever All-England Badminton Men's Singles Champion'; Wimbledon champions archive (AELTC); Olympedia · richiamo

  6. They won it in 1902 and 1906.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Kitty Godfree' and 'The First Ever All-England Badminton Men's Singles Champion'; Wimbledon champions archive (AELTC); Olympedia · richiamo

  7. One gold, two silver and two bronze.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Kitty Godfree' and 'The First Ever All-England Badminton Men's Singles Champion'; Wimbledon champions archive (AELTC); Olympedia · richiamo

  8. 1920, 1924, 1926.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Kitty Godfree' and 'The First Ever All-England Badminton Men's Singles Champion'; Wimbledon champions archive (AELTC); Olympedia · richiamo

  9. 1900, 1902, 1912.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Kitty Godfree' and 'The First Ever All-England Badminton Men's Singles Champion'; Wimbledon champions archive (AELTC); Olympedia · richiamo

  10. She beat Lili de Alvarez in the 1926 final.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Kitty Godfree' and 'The First Ever All-England Badminton Men's Singles Champion'; Wimbledon champions archive (AELTC); Olympedia · applicazione

1.17The Gazette and the Wars

The association's magazine from 1907 to 2013, and the years the wars took.

Test 1The Gazette and the warsFai un test

  1. Before it, the Association used pages in 'Lawn Tennis and Badminton'.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Badminton England - The History of The Association' (badmintonmuseum.co.uk) · richiamo

  2. It came back in October 1921.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Badminton England - The History of The Association' (badmintonmuseum.co.uk) · richiamo

  3. The All England returned the next spring, in 1947.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Badminton England - The History of The Association' (badmintonmuseum.co.uk) · richiamo

  4. It started in 1907.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Badminton England - The History of The Association' (badmintonmuseum.co.uk) · richiamo

  5. Kitty McKane won the women's singles that year.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  6. It was renamed 'Badminton' in 1991.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Badminton England - The History of The Association' (badmintonmuseum.co.uk) · richiamo

  7. It had been renamed Courtside in 2009.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Badminton England - The History of The Association' (badmintonmuseum.co.uk) · richiamo

  8. 1907, 1982, 1991, 2009.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Badminton England - The History of The Association' (badmintonmuseum.co.uk) · richiamo

  9. October 1921, 1940, 1947.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Badminton England - The History of The Association' (badmintonmuseum.co.uk) · richiamo

  10. The IBF was not founded until 1934.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, 'Badminton England - The History of The Association' (badmintonmuseum.co.uk) · applicazione

1.18Overseas Players Arrive

The first champions from Ireland, Denmark, Canada, the United States and China.

Test 1Overseas players arriveFai un test

  1. He won the men's doubles with Guy Sautter.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  2. A large Danish group had come in 1938.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  3. Ruth Dalsgaard and Tonny Olsen won the women's doubles.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  4. She led Canadian women's badminton from 1936 to 1940.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  5. She took singles, doubles and mixed.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  6. China won its first men's doubles in 1987.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  7. Clinton and Patsy Stevens won the mixed doubles that year.

    Fonte: USA Badminton, 'USA Badminton History' (usabadminton.org); The Canadian Encyclopedia, 'Badminton'; Sports Illustrated Vault, cover of 7 March 1955 · richiamo

  8. 1922, 1939, 1949, 1987.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  9. 1982, 1987 (Li Yongbo and Tian Bingyi), 1988 (Wang Pengren and Shi Fangjing).

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · richiamo

  10. She beat Li Lingwei 11-4, 11-6 in the final.

    Fonte: Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org) · applicazione

1.19Badminton Reaches North America

A New York society club, Montreal, Hollywood stars and a world professional champion.

Test 1Badminton reaches North AmericaFai un test

  1. It was a weekend meeting place for the city's society leaders.

    Fonte: USA Badminton, 'USA Badminton History' (usabadminton.org); The Canadian Encyclopedia, 'Badminton'; Sports Illustrated Vault, cover of 7 March 1955 · richiamo

  2. There is evidence of play in Ottawa by 1900.

    Fonte: USA Badminton, 'USA Badminton History' (usabadminton.org); The Canadian Encyclopedia, 'Badminton'; Sports Illustrated Vault, cover of 7 March 1955 · richiamo

  3. Montréal also held the first Canadian Championships in 1922.

    Fonte: USA Badminton, 'USA Badminton History' (usabadminton.org); The Canadian Encyclopedia, 'Badminton'; Sports Illustrated Vault, cover of 7 March 1955 · richiamo

  4. Schools, YMCAs and hundreds of new clubs taught the game too.

    Fonte: USA Badminton, 'USA Badminton History' (usabadminton.org); The Canadian Encyclopedia, 'Badminton'; Sports Illustrated Vault, cover of 7 March 1955 · richiamo

  5. Bette Davis, Boris Karloff, Ginger Rogers and Douglas Fairbanks are also named.

    Fonte: USA Badminton, 'USA Badminton History' (usabadminton.org); The Canadian Encyclopedia, 'Badminton'; Sports Illustrated Vault, cover of 7 March 1955 · richiamo

  6. It held its first national championships in 1937.

    Fonte: USA Badminton, 'USA Badminton History' (usabadminton.org); The Canadian Encyclopedia, 'Badminton'; Sports Illustrated Vault, cover of 7 March 1955 · richiamo

  7. He was the top American player of the time.

    Fonte: USA Badminton, 'USA Badminton History' (usabadminton.org); The Canadian Encyclopedia, 'Badminton'; Sports Illustrated Vault, cover of 7 March 1955 · richiamo

  8. 1878, 1907, 1921, 1936.

    Fonte: USA Badminton, 'USA Badminton History' (usabadminton.org); The Canadian Encyclopedia, 'Badminton'; Sports Illustrated Vault, cover of 7 March 1955 · richiamo

  9. 1936, renamed in 1978 and again in 1996.

    Fonte: USA Badminton, 'USA Badminton History' (usabadminton.org); The Canadian Encyclopedia, 'Badminton'; Sports Illustrated Vault, cover of 7 March 1955 · richiamo

  10. A British tour in 1925 had already led to new halls across Canada.

    Fonte: USA Badminton, 'USA Badminton History' (usabadminton.org); The Canadian Encyclopedia, 'Badminton'; Sports Illustrated Vault, cover of 7 March 1955 · applicazione

1.20Where Badminton Words Come From

Shuttlecock, battledore, racket and birdie: where the words began.

Test 1Where badminton words come fromFai un test

  1. Dictionaries date it to the early or mid-1500s.

    Fonte: Merriam-Webster and Collins (Dictionary.com) entries for battledore, shuttlecock, shuttle, racket and birdie; Online Etymology Dictionary · richiamo

  2. It shuttles back and forth; the second part is of uncertain origin.

    Fonte: Merriam-Webster and Collins (Dictionary.com) entries for battledore, shuttlecock, shuttle, racket and birdie; Online Etymology Dictionary · richiamo

  3. Old English scytel was something shot or thrown.

    Fonte: Merriam-Webster and Collins (Dictionary.com) entries for battledore, shuttlecock, shuttle, racket and birdie; Online Etymology Dictionary · richiamo

  4. Washers beat wet clothes with a flat wooden bat.

    Fonte: Merriam-Webster and Collins (Dictionary.com) entries for battledore, shuttlecock, shuttle, racket and birdie; Online Etymology Dictionary · richiamo

  5. Its 'batedor' comes from a verb meaning to beat.

    Fonte: Merriam-Webster and Collins (Dictionary.com) entries for battledore, shuttlecock, shuttle, racket and birdie; Online Etymology Dictionary · richiamo

  6. Early ball games were played with the open hand.

    Fonte: Merriam-Webster and Collins (Dictionary.com) entries for battledore, shuttlecock, shuttle, racket and birdie; Online Etymology Dictionary · richiamo

  7. It is also often shortened to 'shuttle' or 'bird'.

    Fonte: Merriam-Webster and Collins (Dictionary.com) entries for battledore, shuttlecock, shuttle, racket and birdie; Online Etymology Dictionary · richiamo

  8. Late Middle English, the 1500s, then the mid-1800s.

    Fonte: Merriam-Webster and Collins (Dictionary.com) entries for battledore, shuttlecock, shuttle, racket and birdie; Online Etymology Dictionary · richiamo

  9. Arabic raha, Italian racchetta, French raquette, English racket.

    Fonte: Merriam-Webster and Collins (Dictionary.com) entries for battledore, shuttlecock, shuttle, racket and birdie; Online Etymology Dictionary · richiamo

  10. The game was battledore and shuttlecock: no net, just keeping it up.

    Fonte: Merriam-Webster and Collins (Dictionary.com) entries for battledore, shuttlecock, shuttle, racket and birdie; Online Etymology Dictionary · applicazione

Fonti

Primary/official sources only, no Wikipedia citations: the BWF and its continental confederations, national federations, the All England Club history, the Olympic Channel and Olympedia, Guinness World Records, museums, makers' own histories and named reputable media.

  • Badminton Museum, '1899 - the first All England Badminton Championships' and 'The History of the All-England Badminton Championships' (badmintonmuseum.org)30
  • Badminton Museum, 'Badminton England - The History of The Association' (badmintonmuseum.co.uk)19
  • USA Badminton, 'USA Badminton History' (usabadminton.org); The Canadian Encyclopedia, 'Badminton'; Sports Illustrated Vault, cover of 7 March 195511
  • Collection records of the Galleria degli Uffizi, Statens Museum for Kunst, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Yale Center for British Art, Walters Art Museum, Pushkin Museum and Staatliches Museum Schwerin10
  • Badminton Association meeting of 12 April 1901, as recorded by the Badminton Museum and the Japan University of Economics history paper; worldbadminton.com, 'History of the Laws of Badminton'10
  • Badminton Museum, 'Kitty Godfree' and 'The First Ever All-England Badminton Men's Singles Champion'; Wimbledon champions archive (AELTC); Olympedia10
  • Merriam-Webster and Collins (Dictionary.com) entries for battledore, shuttlecock, shuttle, racket and birdie; Online Etymology Dictionary10